Background and purpose - Wear rates of highly crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) acetabular components have varied considerably between different published studies. This variation is in part due to the ...different techniques used to measure wear and to the errors inherent in measuring the relatively low amounts of wear in XLPE bearings. We undertook a scoping review of studies that have examined the in vivo wear of XLPE acetabular components using the most sensitive method available, radiostereometric analysis (RSA).
Methods - A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify published studies in which RSA was used to measure wear of XLPE components in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Results - 18 publications examined 12 primary THA cohorts, comprising only 260 THAs at 2-10 years of follow-up. The mean or median proximal wear rate reported ranged from 0.00 to 0.06 mm/year. However, differences in the manner in which wear was determined made it difficult to compare some studies. Furthermore, differences in RSA methodology between studies, such as the use of supine or standing radiographs and the use of beaded or unbeaded reference segments, may limit future meta-analyses examining the effect of patient and implant variables on wear rates.
Interpretation - This scoping review confirmed the low wear rates of XLPE in THA, as measured by RSA. We make recommendations to enhance the standardization of reporting of RSA wear results, which will facilitate early identification of poorly performing implants and enable a better understanding of the effects of surgical and patient factors on wear.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The risk for thromboembolisms in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is increased and often requires treatment or prophylaxis with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Small-molecule inhibitors ...(SMIs) to treat NSCLC may cause relevant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with DOACs. Guidance on how to combine these drugs is lacking, leaving patients at risk of clotting or bleeding. Here, we give practical recommendations to manage these DDIs.
For all DOACs and SMIs approved in Europe and the USA up to December 2021, a literature review was executed and reviews by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency were analysed for information on DDIs. A DDI potency classification for DOACs was composed and brought together with DDI characteristics of each SMI, resulting in recommendations for each combination.
Half of the combinations result in relevant DDIs, requiring an intervention to prevent ineffective or toxic treatment with DOACs. These actions include dose adjustments, separation of administration or switching between anticoagulant therapies. Combinations of SMIs with edoxaban never cause relevant DDIs, compared to more than half of combinations with other DOACs and even increasing to almost all combinations with rivaroxaban.
Combinations of SMIs and DOACs often result in relevant DDIs that can be prevented by adjusting the DOAC dosage, separation of administration or switching between anticoagulants.
Now that it is generally accepted that asthma is a heterogeneous condition, phenotyping of asthma patients has become a mandatory part of the diagnostic workup of all patients who do not respond ...satisfactorily to standard therapy with inhaled corticosteroids. Late-onset eosinophilic asthma is currently one of the most well-defined asthma phenotypes and seems to have a different underlying pathobiology to classical childhood-onset, allergic asthma. Patients with this phenotype can be identified in the clinic by typical symptoms (few allergies and dyspnoea on exertion), typical lung function abnormalities ("fixed" airflow obstruction, reduced forced vital capacity and increased residual volume), typical comorbidities (nasal polyposis) and a good response to systemic corticosteroids. The definitive diagnosis is based on evidence of eosinophilia in bronchial biopsies or induced sputum, which can be estimated with reasonable accuracy by eosinophilia in peripheral blood. Until recently, patients with eosinophilic asthma had a very poor quality of life and many suffered from frequent severe exacerbations or were dependent on oral corticosteroids. Now, for the first time, novel biologicals targeting the eosinophil have become available that have been shown to be able to provide full control of this type of refractory asthma, and to become a safe and efficacious substitute for oral corticosteroids.
蛋白质磷酸化作为一种最普遍和最重要的翻译后修饰调控着几乎所有的生命过程。随着高效富集方法和生物质谱技术的快速发展,低丰度的蛋白质
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-磷酸化修饰获得了规模化鉴定,从而使其生物学功能得到较为透彻的研究。而发生在组氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸侧链氨基的
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-磷酸化修饰,由于P-N键化学稳定性差,导致其在酸和热条件下不稳定。而目前依赖酸性条件的
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-磷酸化富集方法难以适用
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-磷酸化富集,导致蛋白质
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-磷酸化生物功能研究严重滞后。因此,迫切需要发展针对蛋白质
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-磷酸化的高效富集方法。本文首先介绍了蛋白质
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-磷酸化的结构特征和已报道的生物学功能,重点综述并分析了近20年来蛋白质
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-磷酸化修饰富集方法,并对每一种富集方法的优缺点进行了评述,最后对潜在的富集方法进行了展望。
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