Cirkovic and Miric presents the paper that explores the adaptation of Serbian loanverbs to the Gurbet Romani morphological system. The data for the study are taken from the corpus of narratives in ...the Gurbet Romani variety spoken in Eastern Serbia, in the town of Knjazevac and the surrounding area.Based on the quantitative analysis of the loanverb adaptation patterns in the production of adult speakers and elementary school-aged children, the authors aim to provide a model of Serbian loanverb adaptation to Romani and to investigate whether younger speakers manifest any differences in the adaptation of loanverbs in comparison to adults. The investigation of the speech of both adults and children allows them to follow the language change, which is important when bearing in mind that the change occurs in the process of language acquisition. In the absence of oral and written records of the previous stages of development of the Romani variety spoken in Eastern Serbia, the study of loanverb adaptation across different generations of speakers seems invaluable from the micro-dia-chronic perspective.
This article introduces a variety of Romani groups living in Soviet Ukraine and their ways of life—sedentary, semi-nomadic and nomadic—highlighting that semi-nomadism is omitted category in ...scholarship even though most of the Roma in Soviet Ukraine maintained a semi-nomadic way of life. Through the discussion of the notion of nomadism, the research analyses how the Romani ways of life have changed over time from before and after the Second World War. Examining the Soviet policy towards the Roma in Soviet Ukraine (1930s–1950s), particularly, the creation of the kolkhoz system and the issue of the “Khrushchev Decree”, the paper argues that the changes in Romani ways of life occurred due to suppressive policies of the Soviet state directed to the forced sedentarisation of Roma.
Out of the three verbal etymologies for this word that have been proposed, the first one (OInd. ćar- 'grazeʼ) is utterly implausible morphologically, the second one (chad- 'seem good, pleaseʼ) cannot ...be correct for phonological reasons, and the third one (cak- 'be satiatedʼ) is only partially acceptable. We attempt to show that in this Romani adjective (as well as in the closely related verb ća(j)ľol 'get satiatedʼ and 'likeʼ), as is often the case in Romani, two different roots may have merged: cak- 'be satiatedʼ and *cāh- 'wantʼ. The latter, unattested in Old Indic, yielded verbs with meanings such as 'want, love; it is necessaryʼ in most New Indian languages and has been neglected in Romani etymology, which appears to be an inexplicable oversight.
Roma are one of the most marginalized and discriminated-against groups in Turkey. During the last decade, however, a new trend has emerged: the institutionalization of Roma civil society. Roma civil ...society has moved from having no registered organizations in 2004 to having 336 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as of 2020. This paper critically analyses the rapid expansion of Roma NGOs in Turkey and discusses the impact of this expansion on Roma communities. Based on a systematic analysis of 14 semi-structured interviews conducted with those who have experience within Roma NGOs, this article argues that the potential positive effects of the expansion of institutionalized Roma civil society have been hampered by limited resources, blurred state-civil society relations, as well as polarization in Turkish society. As a result, Roma civil society became politicized and polarized. While providing insights into an understudied segment of civil society in Turkey, this study also provides further evidence for criticisms about the current state of Turkish civil society.
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495.
Antisiganisme i Norge Lauritzen, Solvor Mjøberg
Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift,
02/2023, Volume:
7, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Antisiganisme er en spesifikk form for rasisme som rammer to av Norges nasjonale minoriteter, romer og romanifolk/tatere, men også andre som assosieres med stigmaet «sigøynere», som fattige ...EU-medborgere som livnærer seg av uformelt gatearbeid. Tidligere forskning har til en viss grad dokumentert antisiganismens forekomst i Norge, men få studier har analysert antisiganismens mekanismer i norsk sammenheng. Denne artikkelen diskuterer ulike typer antisiganisme i en norsk kontekst, med utgangspunkt i Sellings (2022) teori som differensierer mellom sosial, etnografisk (kulturell), rasialisert og strukturell antisiganisme, filosiganisme og sekundær antisiganisme. Eksempler gis på de ulike formene for antisiganisme historisk og i dag. Videre diskuteres teorien opp mot kumulativ diskriminering, og en justering av teorien foreslås der den strukturelle antisiganismen blir tillagt større vekt.
The study analyzes the context and relationships of the progress in first language acquisition by monolingual children (First language: Slovak) and Roma-Slovak bilingual children (First language: ...Romani), as determined by the type of Roma community in which individual children live. We conducted the research in two phases, the first at the beginning of the school year (test) and the second at the end of the school year (post-test). The OOS image-vocabulary test as a psychological toolwas used for examining children’s vocabulary and a certain dimension of their readiness for school. The standardized O-S-S tool is structured to include 30 colorful images illustrating objects, animals, and activities, which are presented to children on an individual basis (Kondáš, 2010). For the purposes of the study, the test was modified and culturally adapted for Roma children with a pairing of Romani and Slovak languages. The research set in total consists of (n = 135) children in their first year of schooling and is separated into Roma children with L1: Romani (n = 68) and Slovak children with L1: Slovak (n = 67). Subsequently, the research set of Roma children (n = 68) belong to 3 types of communities. These 3 types of communities are the following: type 1: municipal and urban concentrations (n = 22); type 2: settlements located on the outskirts of a city or municipality (n = 23); and type 3: settlements spatially remote or separated by a natural or artificial barrier (n = 23). To analyze the data statistically, we used the SPSS 20.0 statistical program. The results shown statistically significant differences in L1 comprehension between Roma-Slovak bilingual children from type 1, type 2, and type 3 Roma communities and, additionally, between monolingual children at the beginning and at the end of the school year. According to the first measurement at the beginning of the school year (test) and the second measurement at the end of the school year (post-test) in L1 in the case of verbs and nouns, the highest success rate was achieved by monolingual Slovak children, followed by Romani-Slovak bilingual children from type 1 communities, followed by children from type 2 communities, and the lowest success rate was achieved by children from type 3 communities. The main research problem arising from the findings is that the progress in first language acquisition by Roma-Slovak bilingual children is determined by the type of Roma community in which the child lives.
The objective of this study is to identify challenges and facilitators for detecting and addressing cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) against Roma women, from the perspectives of health ...personnel and representatives of Roma organizations, and to compare both perspectives. A total of 28 semi-structured interviews were carried out between November 2014 and February 2015 in different Spanish cities. A thematic analysis was carried out, guided by Aday and Andersen’s model regarding barriers to access to health services. Both groups signaled the following as principal challenges: (a) consideration of IPV as a private problem among the Roma population, (b) little use of primary care providers for prevention, (c) distrust of Roma women toward primary care professionals as resources for seeking help, (d) the inexistence of Roma professionals in health services, (e) health professionals’ lack of cultural sensitivity related to Roma people, and (f) the focus of health protocols for action against IPV on filing a police report. Potential facilitating factors included Roma women’s trust in nurses, social workers, and pediatricians and ethnic heterogeneity. There is need to promote action to address the identified challenges through a health equity approach that includes greater training and awareness raising among health professionals about Roma culture and the specific needs of Roma women.
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The dominant contention in the sociology of racialization asserts race as a modern Western construction. However, we lack studies that juxtapose the experiences in the Trans-Atlantic with the ...Trans-Pacific.
This article, by examining the social conditions experienced by Jews in Spain, the "Gypsies" in Romania, and the Kawaramono in Japan in the Middle Ages, claims that the racialization had already begun before European colonization. It points out a variety of parallel patterns of marginalization and racialization, including but not limited to, "monopolization" of economic activities, an ambiguous relationship with the ruling class, and the discourses of "privileges."
My examination can contribute to understanding global trends of racism and the backlash against minoritized groups associated with the mythical discourses of "privileges" facing us all in the twenty-first century.
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Summary
Invasive species usually start out as small colonizing populations that are prone to extinction through demographic stochasticity and Allee effects, leading to a positive relationship between ...establishment probability and founding population size. However, establishment success also depends on the environment to which species are introduced: for a given species, some locations will be more favourable for establishment than others.
We present equations for modelling the expected relationship between establishment probability and founding population size when demographic stochasticity, Allee effects and, for the first time, environmental heterogeneity are operating.
We show that heterogeneity in environmental conditions can change the shape of the relationship between establishment probability and founding population size through a disproportionate decline in the probability of establishment in larger populations, the opposite of an Allee effect. This outcome is likely in most empirical data sets relating founding population size to establishment probability, and highlights that unfavourable environments are often the major cause of establishment failures. It also emphasizes the insights that can be gained from applying models with a theoretical underpinning.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As part of the EU’s social policy, the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) have been in force until 2020. It was a pending task to systematically observe how these strategies define the Roma ...population and what element of the definition is prioritised. This is useful in understanding the limits of a unitary policy within the European Union concerning the Roma and also to analyse the orientation of said policies in each country. In this sense, we have previously defined what the Roma heteroidentification components are and we have selected the terms and lexemes that are associated with them. By using content analysis techniques, we have pinpointed the components in the NRIS and we have conducted a statistical analysis with the obtained data. The majority of EU countries define the Roma in their strategies as an ethnocultural, disadvantaged and discriminated group and, to a lesser extent, as foreigners or nomads. This heteroidentification is established based on the geopolitical bloc (East and West) to which the country belongs and the department in charge of the NRIS (mainly social departments or specific departments for minorities).
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