Rak sečnega mehurja je ena najpogostejših rakavih bolezni pri moških in ima visoko stopnjo ponovljivosti, zaradi česar predstavlja velik ekonomski in socialni problem. Za izboljšanje diagnosticiranja ...in zdravljenja raka sečnega mehurja se uporablja veliko različnih raziskovalnih modelov. V preglednem članku so predstavljeni najpogosteje uporabljeni modeli, saj predstavljajo približek dejanskemu molekularnobiološkemu dogajanju v človeku med boleznijo. Procesi na celični ravni se raziskujejo na in vitro modelih celičnih kultur, obnašanje celic v živem organizmu pa v različnih živalskih modelih. Izsledke raziskav na teh modelih je potrebno ovrednotiti tudi na človeških vzorcih, ki so nepogrešljivi, preden pride nov diagnostični postopek ali določena nova učinkovina v proces kliničnih študij. V članku so kritično ovrednotene prednosti in slabosti posameznega modela raka sečnega mehurja ter predstavljene nekatere raziskovalne študije.
Background. To assess clinical efficacy and tolerance of solifenacin and darifenacin in women with OAB with urgency as primary end point. To estimate the impact of anticholinergic drugs on quality of ...life of patients and to assess treatment outcome (objective and subjective improvement). Methods. Multicentric, prospective, randomized, head to head, open label pilot study in 100 women with OAB. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, 50 of them received solifenacine and the remaining 50 patients darifenacin. Study duration was 3 months, patients came to the office 1 and 3 months after inclusion in the study and they always filled out voiding diaries, urgency perception questionnaires as well as the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaires (IIQ). At the end of the study all patients estimated the success of treatment on the basis of VAS scale. Results. Only 77 patients were enrolled into study. Their average age was 54.8 years, and their BMI amounted to 27.6 kg/m2. The average duration of OAB symptoms and urge urinary incontinence was 86.0 and 46.5 months, respectively. 40 patients received solifenacin and remaining 37 patients darifenacin. Before treatment patients from both groups did not differ statistically significant in any of observed variables. 16 patients did not finish the study (8 solifenacin, 8 darifenacin), mainly due to side effects (8 patients). After 3 months of treatment we observed a significant improvement in severity, frequency and botherness of urgency in all patients, significantly improved were also other OAB symptoms (Table 1). Objective improvement after 1 months was greater in patients with solifenacin (p = 0.033), these patients also experienced significantly less irritative symptoms (p = 0.034). There was no difference in subjective improvement score between both drugs. Quality of life was better after three months in both groups of patients and there was no significant difference between both drugs with this regard (p = 0.174). However, we observed a significantly higher objective improvement score (3.8 vs. 3.2, p = 0.047) as well as the subjective improvement VAS score (74.4 vs. 54.1, p = 0.010) in solifenacin group. Patients receiving solifenacin used significantly less pads after three montha (Figure 1). Common side effect with both drugs was dry mouth (32 % of patients). In Figure 2 we are presenting the prevalence of different difficulties and side effects in the beginning of the study and after 3-month treatment. After 3-month treatment 65.6 % of patients received the same dose of solifenacin (37.9 % in darifenacin group), higher dose received 44.8 % patiens with darifenacin (12.5 % in solifenacin group). Conclusions. Both anticholinergics significantly improved urgency as well as other OAB symptoms and thus significantly improved the quality of life of patients. These observations are, however, in accordance with literature.1 Common side effect was dry mouth which developed or worsen in one third of patients. Objective and subjective treatment outcome were higher in patients receiving solifenacin, the reason for later probably being 3.5-times higher solifenacin concentration in urine as compared to darifenacin.2, 3 We feel that a greater study population is needed to confirm our preliminary results. Literatura 1. Nabi G, Cody JD, Ellis G, Herbison P, Hay-Smith J. Anticholinergic drugs versus placebo for overactive
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