Breeding and genetic features of simmental animals of different production types Orikhivskyi, T. V.; Fedorovych, Ye. I.; Mazur, N. P. ...
Naukovij vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu veterinarnoï medicini ta bìotehnologìj ìmenì S.Z. Gžicʹkogo. Serìâ: Sìlʹsʹkogospodarsʹkì nauki,
11/2022, Volume:
24, Issue:
97
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The intensification of production in dairy farming has placed new demands on cattle breeds. Under the conditions of the introduction of high technologies of milk production, the essential features ...and characteristics of animals, such as a high level of productivity, suitability for machine milking, the ability to store high amounts of milk during two milkings, high manufacturability and reproductive capacity, resistance to diseases, duration of economic use, which ensure profitability its production. Non-compliance with the specified requirements of animals of the main breeds bred in Ukraine led to the beginning of a large-scale breeding process. Almost all traditional breeds, which in the recent past were considered among the best, turned out to be relatively low-yielding and unsuitable for use in high-tech milk production complexes. The Simmental breed with a dual direction of productivity has become such. The value of this breed lies in the fact that animals can harmoniously combine good milk production and good meat qualities, have excellent adaptation properties, strong constitution, and have high lifetime productivity in combination with long-term economic use. Simmentals more often than animals of other breeds, can give multiple births – twins. The article theoretically substantiates and proves the expediency of a complex study of economically valuable traits, their intergroup variability, and population-genetic parameters in cows of different Simmental breed production types in the Carpathian region conditions. The degree of influence of individual factors on the economically advantageous traits of animals and the relative variability of milk yield with morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and indices of lactation stability, calculated by various methods, were clarified.
The main objective of this research was to determine the quality level of welfare of milk cows at various stages of lactation (the first 60 days of the lactation period and the dry period) and of ...different breeds (Holstein-Friesian and Simmental) on farms (A, B, C, D) with different systems of housing (free and tie-stall), based on nutritional status as a direct individual indicator of wellbeing. Results showed that the body condition scores of cows were statistically very highly significantly (p<0.001) influenced by breed, production stage and the breed x production stage interaction; statistically highly significantly (p<0.01) by the breed x housing system interaction, and significantly (p<0.05) by the housing system x production stage interaction.
The article presents data on growth, clinical and blood morphological indicators of Simmental bulls of different production types, as well as heat resistance index. The live weight of intensively ...bred bulls was 480-520 kg at 18 months, and the live weight of meat-milk type bulls was 29.5 kg (5.8%) more than their peers of milk-meat type. Also, bulls of this type had higher growth rates in all breeding periods. Clinical, hematological and heat resistance indicators of Simmental breed bulls are at the standard level, which indicates that they are well adapted to local climate conditions. Key words: Simmental breed, production types, live weight, growth, development, respiratory movements, pulse, body movement, erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, heat resistance index.
This research paper describes a gene polymorphism of growth hormone (GH), leptin (LEP) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) in Simmental cows of LLP “Galitskoe” of Pavlodar oblast. The ...frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of the studied genes was held: at GH gene locus it was revealed that 19% of the 123 cows had VV genotype; 77% of the cows had VL genotype; 4% - LL genotype, at that the allele frequency was V - 58% and allele L - 42%.At Lep gene locus the genotype distribution was as follows: CC - 42%; CT - 48% and TT-10%. The frequency of allele C and T in the study was 66 and 34%. In DGAT gene locus genotype KK had 25%; genotype AA - 75%. The allelic frequency of K genotype was 63%, and A genotype - 37%.The study of GH gene expression showed that the minimum and maximum milk yield indicator of the test animals varied from 3089 to 8017 kg, the fat content ranged from 2.20 to 6.20%. Expression of Lep gene showed that the maximum milk yield was received from cows with CT genotype (9056 kg) and a minimum in the CC genotype (7407 kg), maximum fat content was observed in cows with CT genotype (6,1%), and the minimum in CC (2,2%) genotype. The variation of the studied milk yield indicators was from 2544 to 9056 kg of milk, fat content in the milk varied from 2.2 to 6.1%. According to DGAT gene milk production levels ranged from 3377 kg to 7985 kg of milk. The maximum yield of high fat content was obtained from cows with AK genotype (7985 kg - 5.9%), the minimum milk yield result was received from cows withKK genotype (3377 kg) and minimum fat cow result was received from cows with AK genotype (2.2%).
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Features of the marbled veal growing technology at LLC LIVE-STOCK4EXPORT Ohorodnichuk, H. M.
Naukovij vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu veterinarnoï medicini ta bìotehnologìj ìmenì S.Z. Gžicʹkogo. Serìâ: Sìlʹsʹkogospodarsʹkì nauki,
11/2022, Volume:
24, Issue:
97
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
LLC LIVESTOCK4EXPORT specializes in fattening cattle of specialized meat breeds, i.e., Aberdeen-Angus, Limousin, Simmental and local animals obtained by crossing the Belgian blue breed with the ...Ukrainian red-spotted and black-spotted breeds. Nowadays the meat sector of the economy needs to find ways to increase the efficiency and profitability of production. The creation of interbreeding herds based on the industrial crossing of dairy and dairy-meat cows with meat breeders is an important reserve for increasing meat resources. LLC LIVESTOCK4EXPORT inseminates cows in the private sector with the purchased sperm of the Belgian blue breed. Then the farm buys and fattens these young calves with a live weight of 55 to 120 kg until they reach a live weight of 300–400 kg with further sale abroad. According to the results of the fattening of meat cattle of various breeds at LLC LIVESTOCK4EXPORT, interbreeding animals had the best growth rate. The adopted technology of growing and fattening animals at LIVESTOCK4EXPORT LLC ensures obtaining average daily gains at the level of 1,706 g reducing feed consumption and livestock fattening times. The advantage in terms of average daily growth of crossbred young is confirmed by the effect of heterosis and the gene of double musculature in crossbreds of the first generation, which significantly increases their meat productivity. They use the same type of year-round feed for animal fattening. In the farm, animals are fed ad libitum according to the developed structure of the diet with 90 % special compound feed and 10 % straw or hay. The composition of special compound feed includes 270 kg/t of corn grain, 190 kg/t of wheat, 150 kg/t of barley, 150 kg/t of malted grain, 110 kg/t of wheat bran, 70 kg/t of sunflower meal, 35 kg/t of soybean cake, 20 kg/t of premix concentrate, and 5 kg/t of sunflower oil. Animals have free access to water and roughage. Keeping animals on the farm is year-round untethered with free access from the premises to the feeding grounds (feedlots).
CXCL8 (also known as IL-8) is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines that binds two of the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), CXCR1 and CXCR2, to mediate and regulate ...leucocyte accumulation and activation at sites of inflammation. They are known to play a critical role in both disease susceptibility and infection outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the entire sequences of CXCL8 and CXCR2 genes in thirty-one Simmental sires to evaluate the effects of genomic variants on the indexes of the bulls for milk, fat and protein yields, and for somatic cell score (SCS). Five new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in CXCR2 gene. The analysis of association indicated that one SNP in CXCL8 and two in CXCR2 influenced the considered traits. To evaluate the existence of functional haplotypic effects, combinations among the three genomic variants (SNP 1 in CXCL8, SNP 6 and SNP 7 in CXCR2) were investigated. Four different haplotypic alleles were identified in the experimental population, one of which at a high frequency (61%). Bulls with Hap 4 (G-C-G at SNP 1, SNP 6, and SNP 7 respectively) had more favourable indexes for SCS (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the SNPs in CXCL8 and CXCR2 may be potential genetic markers to improve udder health in the Simmental breed.
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is the accessory protein non-covalently bound to the T cell receptor that recognizes an invariant region of MHC class II on antigen presenting cells. Its ...cytoplasmic tail, physically associated with a protein tyrosine kinase, is important in the activation of helper/inducer T lymphocytes. In Bos taurus, CD4 gene is located on chromosome 5 from which two isoforms are transcribed, with a different number of amino acids due to splicing of exon 7 and variation in the reading frame. The aim of this study was to investigate the sequence of the entire CD4 gene in Simmental sires to evaluate the effects of genomic variants on the indexes of the bulls for milk, fat and protein yields, as well as somatic cell score. The associations among genomic variants and indexes were analysed using the Allele and GLM procedures of SAS 9.4. The analysis indicated that only four of the thirty-one identified SNPs influenced the considered traits. Identified variants insist on coding zones and intronic sequences, where we revealed the presence of sites for transcription factors. To evaluate the existence of haplotypic effects, combinations among the four genomic variants (SNP 3, SNP 8, SNP 11 and SNP 19) were investigated. Six different haplotypic alleles were identified, but only four of them were frequent enough to allow for an evaluation of any haplotypic effect (at least six copies in the examined sample): Hap1, Hap2, Hap3 and Hap6. The analysis of associations between the selected haplotypes in the CD4 gene with milk related indexes showed that bulls with Hap2 (T-A-C-C) had better indexes for milk and protein yields (P < 0.05), whereas the presence of the Hap1 haplotype (A-G-A-T) caused a significant decrease of the index for protein yield (P < 0.05). Frequencies of the two alleles Hap1 and Hap2 (9 and 36% respectively) make them of interest for their possible inclusion in breeding schemes and support the hypothesis of considering this gene as a candidate for the improvement of milk-related traits in the Simmental breed.
An experiment was held in order to test the effects of Tribulus terrestris extract on weight development and health status in calves of Simmental breed in the dairy period. The experiment included ...calves leveled by gender, body weight, age and paternity. The calves were divided into two groups (control and experimental), the difference between the groups is in the presentation of the plant extract in the diet of calves from the experimental group. During the experiment (lasted 60 days) we controlled health and feed consumption (daily) and the weight development (monthly). The results show higher growth (not significant) with 7.7% and better feed conversion in calves receiving with milk plant extract from Tribulus terrestris to those in the control group. In animals of the experimental group was observed better health status.
Milk producers need to ensure that their cows are producing high-quality, nutritional milk, which is influenced by the breed, age, nutrition, and health status of lactating animals. The aim of this ...study was to determine the effect of animal breed, season, and milk production on the physicochemical characteristics of milk and predicting the effect of these changes on the composition and quality of milk products.
In total, 80 milk samples (40 Simmental and 40 Holstein) were analyzed from LLP "Kirova" of Pavlodar region (Simmental breed) and JSC "Astana-Onim" of Akmola region (Holstein breed) in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The physicochemical parameters, including fatty acid (FA) content, were studied.
The Simmental cows had the lowest mass fraction of fat in the spring at 3.94% and the highest fat content in the winter at 4.09%, which was the overall highest fat content measured in both breeds (p<0.001). The lowest protein in the Simmentals was also measured in the spring. The Holstein cows had the highest fat content at 3.8% and the highest protein content at 3.3% in autumn.
It was found that the season and breed significantly affected the physicochemical parameters and the FA contents in cow milk. The superiority of the Simmental cows over the Holstein cows throughout the year was statistically significant.
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