Ciljevi su ovoga istraživanja bili determinirati značajne utjecaje na trajanje razdoblja od teljenja do koncepcije (servis razdoblje), zatim utvrditi povezanost između trajanja servis razdoblja i ...svojstava rezultata provedbe kontrole mliječnosti te razviti sustav predviđanja trajanja servis razdoblje temeljem rezultata kontrole mliječnosti na početku laktacije (prve dvije kontrole) u populaciji holstein i simentalske pasmine krava. Statističkom obradom metodom analize preživljavanja i metodom logističke regresije obuhvaćeno je 14.864 krave holstein pasmine, s ukupno 29.278 zapisa rezultata kontrole mliječnosti, te 18.708 krava simentalske pasmine, s ukupno 37.416 zapisa rezultata kontrole mliječnosti. Vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacija između trajanja servis razdoblja i svojstava rezultata provedbe kontrole mliječnosti kretale su se unutar raspona ±0,00 do ±0,20 što upućuje na njihovu zanemarivu povezanost. Veća vjerojatnost koncepcije po svim razredima trajanja servis razdoblja u simentalske u odnosu na holstein pasminu utvrđena je analizom kretanja krivulje preživljavanja trajanja servis razdoblja. Provedbom logističke regresije izrađena su dva statistička modela. Model 1., koji uključuje varijable rezultata provedbe kontrole mliječnosti zasebno za svaku pasminu i svaki kontrolni dan. Model 2., koji, pored varijabli iz prvoga modela, uključuje i utjecaje regije, sezone i veličine stada, sezone koncepcije i sezone teljenja. Ispitivanje snage modela za predviđanje događaja prikazano je pomoću indeksa konkordacije, koji predstavlja sukladnost slaganja registriranih i predviđenih podataka unutar svakog modela. Utvrđeno je povećanje vrijednosti indeksa konkordacije za svaki model s većim rednim brojem u odnosu na početni model, kao i povećanje vrijednosti indeksa konkordacije za kontrolni dan 2. u odnosu na kontrolni dan 1. kod obje promatrane pasmine.
In this research we examined the influence of two different genotypes (Simmental and crossbreed of Simmental and busa) on: weight gain(y), feed consumption for weight gain(x) per month during the ...fattening period average productivity (A. P.), represented by relation of total weight gain and consumed nutritive units, marginal weight gain (M.G.), which represents ratio of increased weight gain and increased input of nutritive units, as well as weight gain elasticity for achieved production level i. e. ratio of proportional weight gain increment and proportional increment of nutritive units during the fattening period. Fattening results show that cross-breed F1 achieved lower daily weight gain for 11,24% and higher feed consumption per growth unit (7,041 : 5,975) than Simmental cattle. Average productivity has a benefcial trend in Simmental cattle in comparison with cross-breed F1 generation. Coeffcient of correlation among feed and weight gain during the fattening period in cross-breed was 0,733, while in Simmental breed it was 0,569. The achieved economic effects of fattening are a consequence of genetic predisposition of genotypes investigated, since fattening process evolved in identical conditions, so that non-genetic variance could be conditionally neglected.
The aim of this study was to analyze the length of productive life in 118 646 dairy cows of the Slovak Simmental breed. The average length of productive life reached 1451 days (3.98 years). The ...recorded factors with most important impact to the length of productive life were: milk production at first lactation (F = 7736.88+++), year of culling (F = 4890.54) and the age at first calving (F = 2759.81). The length of productive life was significantly affected by reason of culling (F = 272.43) and the Sire (F = 53.43). The analysis of effects of exterior traits to the length of productive life was done in group of 6585 culled cows. From the main exterior traits the most important impact was recorded for body frame (F = 17.39+++), udder (F = 9.43+++) and feet and legs (F = 6.41+++). For more detail advisement was tested the influence of partial exterior traits. From the partial exterior traits the most significant effect to length of productive live had udder depth (F = 26.04+++), teats length (F = 18.49+++), teats thickness (F = 3.23+++) and teats placement (F = 3.31++). From partial traits of feet and legs the most significant effect to length of productive live had heel joint expression (F = 9.10+++) and foot (F = 5.47+++). Results from the present study confirmed the important influence of main and partial exterior type traits of Slovak Simmental breed on the productive life of cows.
Arachnomelia syndrome is a lethal inherited malformation mainly of the limbs, vertebral column and skull in cattle, which poses a severe impairment to farmers and breeders. Recently, a number of ...cases of arachnomelia syndrome have occurred in the Simmental breed and some sires with excellent breeding values had been shown to be carriers of the disease. We herein report the genetic mapping of the mutation underlying arachnomelia in cattle. The disease was mapped using a two-stage genome scan. A first round autosomal genome-wide screening using a limited number of cases identified three chromosomal regions with lod-scores > 1. The position of the arachnomelia syndrome locus was identified to be on BTA 23 by genotyping an additional, independent set of animals with markers that provided positive lod-scores in the course of the initial genome-wide screen. Using a denser set of regional microsatellites, the locus could be mapped to a region about 9 cM in length. The most significant linkage signal with arachnomelia syndrome was obtained with marker NRKM-17 (lod-score > 20) using a recessive model. Interestingly, different genes seem to be responsible for the disease in Brown Swiss and Simmental breeds, as arachnomelia syndrome was mapped to a different location in Brown Swiss. The results provide sufficient information for the development of a genetic test system and also allow the identification of positional candidate genes.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this research was to establish whether there are differences in the longevity and production characteristics within the studied breeds of cows of different origin. Holstein cows of ...Slovenian (461) and foreign (356) origin and Simmental cows of Slovenian (261) and foreign (43) origin were studied. Only culled animals that previously had between 1 and 9 lactations were included. The analyzed properties consisted of characteristics related to the longevity and lifetime productivity. Compared with Slovenian cows, imported Holstein cows had a significantly longer calving interval (1210±31 days, 1337±39 days, P=0.008), a longer dry period (172±6 days, 192±7 days, P=0.022), and a significantly lower daily milk yield (23.0±0.2 kg, 22.0±0.3 kg, P=0.002). Significant differences between Simmental cows of Slovenian and foreign origin were observed in functional productivity (1317±52 days, 1808±186 days, P=0.006), longevity (2175±53 days, 2701±145 days, P=0.004), and duration of lifetime lactation (990±38 days, 1265±137 days, P=0.037).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigated diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene K232A mutation in Simmental cattle and its effects on fat deposition traits. The sample (n=26) consisted of yearling bulls and ...beef heifers from an intensive rearing system in Croatia. Carcass fatness was assessed by total dissection method, whereas intramuscular fat (m. longissimus dorsi) content was determined using Soxhlet extraction with hydrolysis. Intramuscular fatty acid composition was determined by gas liquid chromatography using in situ transesterification. The muscle DNA was extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP) analysis of the 411 bp fragment of DGAT1 gene was applied. The DGAT1 K allele was less frequent in heifers than in bulls, with the overall allelic frequency of 17% K allele. Only KA and AA genotypes were obtained, without deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Heifers showed a higher degree of carcass and muscle fattening with more unsaturated intramuscular fat than bulls; however, there was no interaction between sex and DGAT1 gene. Generally, no significant difference between DGAT1 AA and KA animals was observed for any of the examined traits, except the slightly higher carcass share of the fattest beef category and higher intramuscular C14:0 desaturation index in KA heterozygous.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Milk can be an attractive DNA-resource for genotyping milking cows, e.g. for paternity control or QTL analysis within a daughter design. The use of milk collected within the established milk ...evaluation programs enables the collection of large numbers of samples. Nevertheless, there are limitations when using the remedies of tested milk samples, e.g. permutations of samples or partially degraded DNA. A DNA preparation method suitable for samples from routine milk recording has been developed that combines an initial centrifugation step with direct lysis of cells and purification from comparatively high volumes by using silica membrane spin columns. The method yields high quality genomic DNA from fresh samples and PCR grade DNA from remedies of tested samples. In addition the potential use of milk samples within a daughter design was evaluated. We collected reference samples from 119 Simmental dairy cows from 6 half sib families. From 89 of these dairy cows remedies of milk samples were obtained from the routine milk laboratory. Paternity could be established by microsatellite analyses for all 119 reference cases. From the 89 milk laboratory samples 86 were successfully microsatellite typed. In 81 cases the genotypes from milk and reference sample were identical. In summary it could be shown that it is possible to genotype dairy cows from test laboratory milk samples, but results have to be used carefully taking into account inherent limitations. The use of milk as compared with tissue samples as a source for DNA within daughter designs is discussed.
Cilj ovoga rada bio je praćenje metaboličkog profila krvi krava simentalske pasmine tijekom proizvodnog ciklusa s dva aspekta: po sezoni (proljeće, ljeto, jesen i zima) i po fazama proizvodnje (1/3, ...2/3, 3/3 laktacije i suhostaj). Krave su držane intenzivno, na vezu, i opskrbljene su kompletnim obrocima koji su se razlikovali po sastavu ovisno o godišnjim dobima i stadijima proizvodnje. Uzorci krvi od 10 krava uzimani su punktiranjem repne vene, četiri puta tijekom proizvodnog ciklusa (zima, proljeće, ljeto i jesen) u odgovarajućim proizvodnim fazama (1/3, 2/3, 3/3 laktacije i suhostaj). U krvnom serumu krava određivan je sadržaj Ca, P, Mg, glukoze, ureje, ukupnih bjelančevina, ukupnog kolesterola, AST-a, bilirubina i hormona: tiroksina (T4), trijodotironina (T3) i kortizola. Rezultati F-testa upućuju na statistički visoko znakovitu razliku (P<0,01) u sadržaju P, Mg, glukoze, ureje, kolesterola i tiroksina, ovisno o sezoni. Također, statistički znakovita razlika (P<0,05) zbog utjecaja sezone utvrđena je i u sadržaju AST-a i ukupnih bjelančevina. Analizirani pokazatelji metaboličkog profila krvi, testirani F-testom, upućuju na postojanje statistički znakovite razlike (P<0,05) u sadržaju Mg, ovisno o fazi proizvodnje.
Data on 1267 first lactation milk records of Simmental cows kept in family farms of East Croatia were analysed by least-squares procedures. Analysis of variance has shown statistically significant ...effect (P<0.01) of farm location on lactation length, milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage in 305 days and milk yield in first and second 100 days of lactation. Statistically significant influence of sires groups on milk production traits also was found (P<0.01). Among the four counties of East Croatia the highest milk production had cows from OsijekBarania county. The mean for standard lactation milk yield, fat yield and fat content of imported heifers, sired by bulls from Austria and Germany, were 3841.9 kg, 145.9 kg and 3.80% resp., while for daughters of home sires were 3599.6 kg, 136.2 kg and 3.78% resp. Differences were statistically significant except for fat content. Within groups of home sires the variability was statistically important for all examined traits. The variability of protein yield and protein percentage in milk was also discussed.
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