Display omitted
•The best germination conditions for boosting antioxidant in mustard varieties were proposed.•The germination of mustard grains was an excellent option to improve their antioxidant ...properties.•Soluble and insoluble fractions of phenolics from mustard grains directly affected their antioxidant potential.•Phenolic profile identified by UPLC-MS/MS for each extracted fraction was different.
This work aimed to investigate how the variation of free and insoluble-bound phenolics affected the antioxidant properties of mustard grains from two varieties (black - Brassica nigra and white - Sinapsis alba) during different germination parameters. The germination conditions selected for each mustard variety to improve their antioxidant properties were different, as follows: (a) for white mustard – 72 h of germination at 25 °C in the dark and (b) for black mustard – 48 h of germination at 25 °C alternating dark and light periods. At these conditions, increases of 49, 72, 80, 68, 42, 66 and 45% were detected for total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids, condensed tannins, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC, respectively, for soluble extracts of white mustard compared to the non-germinated white mustard. The soluble extracts from black mustard, in turn, presented increases of 44, 18, 55, 29, 3, 160 and 42% for TPC, total flavonoids, condensed tannins, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC, respectively, compared to the non-germinated sample. Gallic acid, 3,4-di-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, and rutin were identified by UPLC-MS/MS and were the main compounds detected in mustard extracts. Given the results obtained, germinated mustard grains have the potential for application as a functional and nutraceutical food.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The elucidation of gene expression patterns leads to a better understanding of responses to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, a technique for expression analysis of genes, ...depends on the stability of the internal control gene (s) used for the comparison of the band intensity in agarose gels. In the present study, two frequently used housekeeping genes, viz., â-actin and á-tubulin, were evaluated for their expression stability in B. juncea and its wild allies namely Sinapis alba and Camelina sativa under three experimental conditions viz., Alternaria brassicae challenge, salicylic or jasmonic acid treatment. Results revealed that á-tubulin was more suitable housekeeping gene than â-actin for all three plant species under all three experimental conditions. Expression of â-actin changed especially under defense inducer experimental conditions with all three plant species.
The effect of eight polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on the seed emergence and early life-stage growth of three terrestrial plants (
Sinapsis alba,
Trifolium pratense and
Lolium perenne) were ...studied in a greenhouse, using a Danish agricultural soil with an organic carbon content of 1.6%. After three weeks of exposure, seed emergence and seedling weight (fresh weight and dry weight) were determined. Exposure concentrations were verified with chemical analysis. The substances tested were four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrene and fluorene), the N-, S-, and O-substituted analogues of fluorene (carbazole, dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran, respectively), and the quinoline representative acridine. Seedling growth was a far more sensitive endpoint than seed emergence for all substances. Concentrations estimated to give a 20% reduction of seedling fresh weight (EC20-values) ranged from 36 to 290 mg
kg
−1 for carbazole, 43 to 93 mg
kg
−1 for dibenzofuran, 37 to 110 mg
kg
−1 for dibenzothiophene, 140 to 650 mg
kg
−1 for fluoranthene, 55 to 380 mg
kg
−1 for fluorene, 37 to 300 mg
kg
−1 for phenanthrene, and 49 to 1300 mg
kg
−1 for pyrene. For acridine, no toxicity was observed within the concentration range tested (1–1000 mg
kg
−1). As illustrated by the EC20-values, there was a rather large difference in sensitivity between the species, and
T. pratense was the most sensitive of the species tested.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
4.
The effect of organic fertilizers on the biochemical properties of soil contaminated with zinc Wyszkowska, J., University of Warmia and Mazury, Dept. of Microbiology, Olsztyn (Poland); Borowik, A., University of Warmia and Mazury, Dept. of Microbiology, Olsztyn (Poland); Kucharski, J., University of Warmia and Mazury, Dept. of Microbiology, Olsztyn (Poland) ...
Plant, soil and environment,
(Nov 2013), Volume:
59, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This study evaluates the effectiveness of organic fertilizers in restoring the homeostasis of soils contaminated with zinc. The activity of selected enzymes participating in the transformation of ...carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur and the sensitivity of white mustard plants to zinc were analyzed. A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out. Uncontaminated soil served as control. Six organic substances which potentially neutralize the adverse effects of zinc were used: tree bark, finely ground barley straw, pine sawdust, cattle manure, compost and cellulose. It was found that in less contaminated soil (300 mg Zn2+/kg), all of the analyzed organic substances minimized zinc adverse effects on the biochemical properties of soil, including the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase and arylsulfatase. In more contaminated soil (600 mg Zn2+/kg), the negative consequences of zinc pollution were effectively mitigated only by cellulose, barley straw and manure. Cellulose had the highest soil restoration potential, as demonstrated by resistance indicator values for different enzymes. Cellulose, compost, manure and straw increased the resistance of white mustard plants to zinc, but only in treatments contaminated with 300 mg Zn2+/kg. Bark and sawdust potentiated zinc toxic effects on mustard plants.
The Pb, Zn and Cd phytoextraction potential of 14 different plants was assessed in a chelate induced phytoextraction experiment. Heavy metals mainly reside in carbonate, organic matter, and residual ...soil fractions. The addition of a chelate, 5 mmol/kg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, increased the proportion of phytoavailable Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil (dissolved in soil solution and exchangeable from soil colloids), and also their uptake by tested plants up to 48 times (Sinapis alba), 4.6 times (Raphanus sativus oleiformis), and 3.3 times (Amaranthus spp.), respectively, in comparison with the control. The biodegradable chelate ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) was generally less effective (tested on a selection of 4 plant species), except for Cannabis sativa. In a treatment with 10 mmol/kg EDDS, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations of 1053+/-125, 211+/-16 and 5.4+/-0.8 mg/kg, respectively, were measured in the biomass of Cannabis sativa. These values were 105, 2.3 and 31.7 times higher, respectively, than in the control treatment. The calculated Pb phytoextraction potential of Cannabis sativa amounted to 26.3 kg/ha.
Dryland field crops in the Pacific Northwest United States are commonly produced in silt loams infested by the root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei. Soils at 30 sites in Oregon ...were sampled from 0 to 120 cm depth to examine the vertical distribution of these Pratylenchus spp. Both species were distributed through entire soil profiles of all cropping systems. Populations were generally greatest in the surface 30 cm, but sometimes high populations were detected at depths greater than 45 cm. Sampling to 30 cm depth allowed detection of more than 50% of the population in most sites, while sampling to 45 cm depth yielded more than 75% of the population in over 75% of the sites evaluated. Therefore, soil samples should be collected to 30 to 45 cm depth to accurately estimate populations of Pratylenchus spp. in dryland crops produced on silt loams in the Pacific Northwest. Populations of Pratylenchus spp. were found to be related to the most recently planted crop, with populations after barley, after wheat, and during summer fallow being detected in ascending order.
The mustard trypsin inhibitor 2, MTI2, was expressed in Escherichia coli. A specific procedure for its production and purification is described. The recombinant protein was recovered by protein ...extraction from the insoluble fraction, then renatured and purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Finally, the inhibitory activity against trypsin was also determined.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Our objective was to determine which rhizome extract - from Japanese knotweed, Giant knotweed or Bohemian knotweed - has the most significant inhibition effect on germinated seeds of white mustard. ...The seeds were incubated with the extracts for two days under laboratory conditions. We monitored differences in the number of germinated seeds, length of radicles, hypocotyls and root/shoot ratio between control and experimental seeds. Inhibitory effect of extracts from dried knotweed rhizomes was confirmed, but without differences among the tested species. A higher allelopathic effect was revealed in the case of extracts from aboveground parts.
Establishment of rapid propagation system for Sinapis alba in vitro Yang Yapping, Zhangye Research Institute of Agricultural Science, Zhangye (China); Bai Shengwen, Hexi University, Zhangye (China), College of Agriculture and Biotechnology; Xiao Zhanwen, Hexi University, Zhangye (China), College of Agriculture and Biotechnology
Gansu nong ye da xue xue bao,
20/Jun., Volume:
47, Issue:
3
Journal Article
以白芥幼苗为外植体，MS和1/2MS为基本培养基分别加入不同浓度的6-BA、NAA和KT进行白芥离体再生技术体系研究。结果表明：以白芥幼苗为外植体进行培养，其不定芽增殖效果较好。6种不定芽增殖培养基增殖效果存在明显差异，其中最适宜的芽增殖培养基是MS＋1mg/L 6-BA＋1mg/L ...KT，侧芽及不定芽生长迅速、且旺盛，2周后不定芽平均增殖到10个；大量元素含量对幼苗的壮苗具有显著效应，其中3MS培养基的壮苗效果最好，培养21d的苗较对照明显变粗壮；组培苗接种在1/2 MS＋0.133mg/L NAA的培养基上诱导生根的效果最佳，茎段培养约15d时发现白色根，主根较多、细长，有侧根，每单株可达7条根。
Rootless seedling of S.alba was used as explants in the experiment. The regenerative system of S.alba were studied through synthesized medium, which composed with MS and 1/2 MS basic medium and different kinds, condentrations of 6-BA, KT and NAA. The results showed that the optimal explants were rootless seedling which used to multiplication of adventitious buds. There were significant differences among 6 different medium in multiplicantion of adventitious bud, and the best multiplication medium was MS＋lmg/L 6-BA＋lmg/L KT. There were significant differences among effects of numerous elements on rejuvenation of plumelet, and 3MS was the best. The best induction rooting medium was 1/2MS＋0. 133mg/L NAA, and 7 roo
The process parameters for non-typical seeds during simulated cold deep oil expression Rusinek, R., Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin (Poland). Inst. of Agrophysics; Rybczynski, R., Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin (Poland). Inst. of Agrophysics; Tys, J., Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin (Poland). Inst. of Agrophysics ...
Czech Journal of Food Sciences,
01/2012, Volume:
30, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We have determined the parameters of oil expression process for non-typical seeds of oil-producing plants, such as quince tree, safflower, fennel-flower, cuckoo-flower, tarweed, lallemantia, ...sea-buckthorn, borage, evening primrose, mustard, and others. The relative moisture of most of the seeds tested ranged from 5.5% to 8.9%. The values of the oil point pressure obtained for the seeds permitted detailed classification of the plant species under study into 7 seed hardness groups. The largest group belonged to the pressure range from 10 to 15 MPa (oil flax, spring rapeseed cvs. Bronowski, Mazowiecki, and Star, spring rape cv. Porkland and local population, oil radish, spring camelina, mustard cv. Malopolska, evening primrose cv. UWM). The oil content in this group was above 30%. In the case of rapeseed cvs. Mazowiecki and Bronowski it was 40%. The values of compression energy obtained for the materials studied in the oil test ranged from 3.69 J (oil sunflower cv. Wielkopolski) to 64.18 J (sea-buckthorn).
PDF
