This study was undertaken to find out the actual situations of energy use level and to identify the energy and land productivity, cost benefit ratio and cropping pattern from diversified cropping ...systems in the Mymensingh district (Bangladesh). Ten rice-based common cultivable crops were studied. Eight boro rice (HYV winter season rice) based cropping patterns were developed to achieve maximum land productivity in terms of energy and cost from diversified cropping system. Commercial fertilisers were the major energy and costly input sources for all field crop cultivation. Irrigated boro rice consumed the highest energy (about 19,600 MJ/ha). Boro + t. aman + vegetable cropping systems gave higher yields than Boro + t. aman systems in terms of energy outputs and financial recovery. This study revealed that the rice based diversified cropping system resulted in the highest energy and cost return.
the content and radical scavenging capacity of phenolic compounds in black (Brassica nigra L. Koch.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds were examined and compared. The content of phenolic ...compounds was determined by spectrometric method acid and radical scavenging capacity by using DPPH test. The results showed the white mustard seeds had higher phenolic compounds content (for 3.3 mg of chlorogenic acid per g of dry plant material) and higher total scavenging capacity (for 1.4%) than black mustard seeds. The concentration of phenolic compounds in extracts for decreasing the initial DPPH concentration by 50% was 0.34 and 0.31 mg/ml, for black and white mustard seeds, respectively.
The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cv. Metex and chinese mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cv. Malopolska. In ...all the years of the research alternaria blight was found on the leaves of white mustard which injury index ranged from 5.6 percent in 2001 to 17.6 percent in 2000. The most dangerous disease of chinese mustard also was alternaria blight and its symptoms were found on leaves and siliques. The strongest infection of leaves was in 2000 (5O percent) and the weakest in 2001 (6.7 percent). In all the years of the research siliques we are rather weak infected (5.0-8.8 percent). Besides powdery mildew was found on chinese mustard which injury index ranged from 0.3 percent in 1999 to 32.3 percent in 2000. Intensity of diseases was affected generally by the weather conditions. From the seeds of white mustard and chinese mustard were isolated respectively 263 and 137 colonies. Alternaria alternata was the most numerous species which makes respectively 60.9 and 42.3 percent isolates. Among the fungi pathogenic for white and chinese mustard were also isolated: A. brassicae, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani
A study into the sanitary state of roots and culm base of spring wheat was carried out in 2000-02 at the Production and Experimental Station in Balcyny near Ostroda(Poland). Experimental wheat was ...cultivated after spring cross plants such as spring barley (Brassica napus ssp. oleiferus Metz.), chinese mustard (Brassica juncea L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L), oileiferous radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus L.), false flax (Camelina sativa L.), spanish colewort (Crambe abbysinica Hoechst.) and after oat (Avena sativa L.) as the control. The spring wheat Torka cultivar was sown after ploughed stubble, ploughed stubble with straw and on stubble with straw and 30 kg nitrogen per ha. The greatest spring wheat root infections were observed in 2002. The culm base was most intensely infected with fusarium wilt (Fusarium sp.). The remaining root-rot diseases occurred every year but with different intensity. False flax and chinese mustard were the best predecessors for spring wheat. Only acute eyespot blotch occurred in lower intensity after colewort and oat. However, weather conditions had the major effect on the occurrence of root and culm base diseases in the experimental years. The method of utilization of after-harvest residues did not have a clear effect on the intensity of infection of the roots and culm base of spring wheat
The experiment was localized on loess soil classified as the second evaluation class. The soil was characterized by light acid reaction and a very high content of available forms of phosphorus, ...potassium and magnesium. Two forms of barley naked and husked were tested. The other factors were treatments with intercrops for ploughing: A - without intercrop (control treatment), B - white mustard, C - spring vetch and field pea, D - rye grass. Protection of the canopy consisted of seed dressing and mechanical removal. In the protection herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators were additionally applied. The sowing rate for both forms of barley was identical and equalled 300 grains per 1 square metre. It was proved that the highest crop of intercrop dry weight was obtained through the seeding of spring vetch, field pea as well white mustard. Rye grass proved to be the least suitable for intercrop cultivation. The cultivation of intercrops in spring barley monoculture stimulated the production of the cereal seed. The highest yields were obtained from husked barley. The ploughing of white mustard followed by the ploughing of leguminous plants mixture had the most beneficial effect on spring barley yield structure. The cultivation of white mustard intercrop proved to be the most effective way of reducing weed infestation of spring barley
The studies were conducted to investigate the changes in selected properties of the soil under varying organic fertilization applied before forecrop (manure - 30 t/ha or stubble crop - white mustard ...- ploughed down with sugar beet leaves - 40 t/ha) with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizers (60, 100, 150 kg N/ha). It was found that fertilizers did not significantly affect changes of the physical properties of medium soil. The content of humus in the soil was more affected by organic than nitrogen fertilization. Application of manure or stubble crop with sugar beet leaves increased the content of humus by 0.16 and 0.10 percent, respectively, compared to the soil without organic fertilization. Only the application of manure caused a significant increase in cellulose decomposition compared to the soil without organic fertilization. Ploughing down organic fertilizers decreased the index of cloddiness of the soil and increased the index of soil structure. These indices did not unequivocally depend on the rate of nitrogen fertilization
The research was based on a three-year-long pot experiment conducted on soil material received from an arable layer of grey brown podsolic soil of silt loam texture. This soil was characterized by ...low content of sulphur sulphate. The experiment involved one variable factor (sulphur compounds: without S, UAN with sulphur, (NH4)2SO4, K2SO4, Na2SO4, S, CaSO4 2H2O, H2SO4) on eight levels. The tested plants in the 1st year of experiment were spring wheat and white mustard. In the 2nd year spring rape and spring barley were cultivated, and in the 3rd year - spring barley and orchard grass. The paper makes presents this research and discusses the influence of experimental factors on sulphur sulphate content in soil after 1st and 2nd years of the experiment. The experimental treatments and species of cultivated plants clearly differentiate the amounts of sulphur sulphate in soil. The highest content of SO4-S was stated in the soil analysed after spring wheat and barley harvesting. These plants were characterized by lower nutritional requirements in relation to sulphur in comparison with cruciferae plants. After harvesting of cruciferae plants the content of sulphur sulphate clearly decreased and in many objects was lower in comparison to the amount stated in the soil before the experiment. Out of the applied sulphur fertilization compounds the most of profitable, in case of most plants, were those that used fertilization with (NH4)2SO4, K2SO4 and Na2SO4
Environmental contamination with pesticides, heavy metals and other pollutants attracts the attention of public in last few decades, because accumulated toxic and persistent substances reach surface ...and underground water, and incorporate into sediment that becomes permanent source of these pollutants. The influence of sediment on ecosystem, as well as the possibility of toxic material incorporation into the food chain, and expression of toxic effects on plants poses the necessity for continuous control of water/sediment system quality. Some plant species are particularly sensitive to higher pollutant content and react in morphological and physiological changes, thus are used as bioindicators of sediment contamination, and as test plants in bioassays for contamination detection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of sediment from the Great Backa Canal (Serbia) using corn (Zea mays L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) as bioindicators. We used pore water, and distilled as control variant. The assay was performed according to filter paper method recommended by ISTA Regulations book and Regulations on quality of agricultural seed (Official Gazette 58/2002). Germination (%), root and shoot length (cm) were measured after seven days. Experiment was performed in four replicates, and results were analyzed using Dunnet test (confidence interval 95%) in SPSS 17 software. Results indicate that pore water quality did not have influence on germination and root length of corn, given that values of both parameters were at the same level of significance with the control variant, while shoot length was significantly higher in pore water. Pore water did not affect germination of white mustard, but did significantly inhibit root growth and stimulated shoot growth. The results indicate the presence of inhibitory, in the case of mustard root and stimulatory for shoot for mustard and corn in pore water (sediment) from this canal. However, for further characterization it is necessary to conduct further chemical analysis of water and sediment.
The aim of the studies was to estimate the influence of excessive zinc rates on the formation of flowers and fruits of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) Borowska cv. Also, stem anatomical traits and ...pollen grain morphology were compared. Three zinc rates were applied in a pot experiment: 0, 100 and 200 mg ZnSO4 per 1 kg of sand. Reduction of the number and size of flowers and fruits as well as weaker development of vascular bundles in stems was found at the excess of zinc. At higher zinc rate, reduction of pollen grain size occurred. Polymorphism of white mustard sporomorphs, as observed in the size, shape, number and size of apertures as well as exine thickness, was observed
The object of the studies conducted in 2000 in a growth chamber were rhizosphere soils of tansy phacelia, winter wheat and white mustard. The aim of the studies was to determine the composition of ...bacteria and fungi communities in rhizosphere of the above-mentioned plant species. As a result of microbiological analysis of winter wheat rhizosphere soil 8.59 x 10E6 colonies of bacteria and 126.56 x 10E3 colonies of fungi were obtained. The largest number of bacterial and fungal colonies were in the rhizosphere of tansy phacelia (11.89 x 10E6 and 136.96 x 10E3, respectively) and the smallest - in the rhizosphere of white mustard (8.40 x 10E6) and 84.84 x 10E3, respectively). Patogenic fungi, especially Fusarium oxysporum, were predominant in rhizospheres of tansy phacelia and white mustard. On the other hand, Trichoderma genera with antagonistic activity to pathogenic fungi were predominant in the winter wheat rhizosphere
