The application of smart-city, which promises better city management in helping to improve people's quality of life, is still inhibited due to the high cost of infrastructure investment. In several ...Smart Cities, it takes at least $ 30 - 40 billion to convert a conventional town into a smart city, including for data collection infrastructure. Alternatively, low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) could be considered, but they need more bandwidth to serve data transmission in a smart city. Vehicle Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) is one part of DTN that employs vehicles as a communication infrastructure that allows communication in challenging conditions and could make it an alternative network for Data Collection in a Smart City. This paper proposes a Surabaya Smart City scenario with VDTN as data collection. The scenario consists of 40 wireless sensors and 50 to 200 vehicles (car and bus) with five Road Side Units that forward data from the sensor to the monitoring server. Furthermore, to increase the VDTN performance, we improve our proposed routing protocol, Spray and Hop Distance (SNHD), with two sprays method (Adaptive and Simple) and data collection support from multiple sources and destinations. The evaluation was carried out using a simulation-based comparison with an increase in the number of vehicles to determine the impact of vehicle density on data collection performance in terms of delivery probability, latency average, and overhead ratio. Based on the simulation results, the simple spray method in SNHD and A-SNHD outperformed the well-known VDTN routing protocol, i.e., Epidemic and Spray and Wait. Furthermore, when the number of cars increases from 50 to 200, the performance of VDTN does not increase significantly as the density of the network increases. It means that VDTN only requires a small number of vehicles to be used as a low-cost alternative network for smart cities.
Objectives The search for the meaning of the term of the new cities called "Smart City". Approach the search for articles that explain the meaning of smart cities and offer an explanation of this ...term. A survey is useful for understanding if the population of a nation knows these new cities, and what they think of them. Results Several authors speak of smart cities and therefore different definitions of these cities can be found. to overcome this, six characteristics have been identified, which have been accepted by all. From the answers of the survey it can be observed that smart cities are known by almost all the population of Italy and Norway.
Globally, Smartcity is not considered an empirical experiment or theory as Japanese society always talks about it as a purely huge industry. The tourism industry is positioned as a very important ...sub-industry in that industrial system, and its efforts are progressing all over the world. From around 2008, various advanced technologies and IT systems called the City OS (operation system) have already been introduced into Smartcity all over the world. In Japan, discussions on the City OS have finally progressed in the last 1-2 years, but the gap between Japan and the world for 10 years is so large. The City OS in the EU has progressed and it is combined with digital twin technology for a digital nurse. In this proposal, I will focus on the mechanism called digital nurse, which was considered in collaboration with a EU team. The technology support for Smartcity in the EU is the most advanced from Smartcity, industry, and tourism. As a sub-industry of the latest international Smartcity, the expansion of the tourism industry by applying cutting-edge technology in the world is described in this paper.
Traffic noise is presently considered one of the main pollutants in urban and suburban areas. Several recent technological advances have allowed a step forward in the dynamic computation of ...road-traffic noise levels by means of a Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) through the collection of measurements in real-operation environments. In the framework of the LIFE DYNAMAP project, two WASNs have been deployed in two pilot areas: one in the city of Milan, as an urban environment, and another around the city of Rome in a suburban location. For a correct evaluation of the noise level generated by road infrastructures, all Anomalous Noise Events (ANE) unrelated to regular road-traffic noise (e.g., sirens, horns, speech, etc.) should be removed before updating corresponding noise maps. This work presents the production and analysis of a real-operation environmental audio database collected through the 19-node WASN of a suburban area. A total of 156 h and 20 min of labeled audio data has been obtained differentiating among road-traffic noise and ANEs (classified in 16 subcategories). After delimiting their boundaries manually, the acoustic salience of the ANE samples is automatically computed as a contextual Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) together with its impact on the A-weighted equivalent level ( Δ L A e q ). The analysis of the real-operation WASN-based environmental database is evaluated with these metrics, and we conclude that the 19 locations of the network present substantial differences in the occurrences of the subcategories of ANE, with a clear predominance of the noise of sirens, trains, and thunder.
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Excessive amounts of artificial light emitted into the lower atmosphere at night have already become an everyday feature of modern urban landscapes, and gradually also a phenomenon associated with ...areas located outside large human settlements. Urban islands of light have been the subject of targeted research conducted for several decades by scientists representing miscellaneous fields of science. In Toruń, regular research on the phenomenon of light smog has been carried out for several years at a number of sites located throughout the city. Recently, research has been started on the variability of the night sky brightness in a vertical gradient. To this end, repeatable measurements were made at specific altitudes at two locations in the city using a drone with an automatic light metre on board. The values of the night sky brightness thus obtained allowed us to determine its variability in the vertical gradient up to an altitude of 120 m, as well as to test the possibility of using drones in targeted studies of the light pollution phenomenon.
3D city models are becoming increasingly popular and important, because they constitute the base for all the visualization, planning, management operations regarding the urban infrastructure. These ...data are however not available in the majority of cities: in this paper, the possibility to use geospatial data of various kinds with the aim to generate 3D models in urban environment is investigated. In 3D modelling works, the starting data are frequently the 3D point clouds, which are nowadays possible to collect by different sensors mounted on different platforms: LiDAR, imagery from satellite, airborne or unmanned aerial vehicles, mobile mapping systems that integrate several sensors. The processing of the acquired data and consequently the obtainability of models able to provide geometric accuracy and a good visual impact is limited by time, costs and logistic constraints. Nowadays more and more innovative hardware and software solutions can offer to the municipalities and the public authorities the possibility to use available geospatial data, acquired for diverse aims, for the generation of 3D models of buildings and cities, characterized by different level of detail. In the paper two cases of study are presented, both regarding surveys carried out in Emilia Romagna region, Italy, where 2D or 2.5D numerical maps are available. The first one is about the use of oblique aerial images realized by the Municipality for a systematic documentation of the built environment, the second concerns the use of LiDAR data acquired for other purposes; in the two tests, these data were used in conjunction with large scale numerical maps to produce 3D city models.
The growing number of vehicles in a densely populated smart city results in a significant lack of parking space. During the implementation of systems for visibility of parking space vacancies for ...drivers, the bulk of the systems are focused on expensive dedicated sensor devices, requiring high installation costs. The emergence of a relatively inexpensive internet of things (IoT) system allows embedded cameras to track parking spaces' utilisation. However, parking space positions' manual specification before drivers can use such devices after implementation is important even for camera-captured images. Hence in this paper, IoT assisted intelligent parking system (IoT-AIPS) with cloud platform has been proposed to reduce vehicle parking waiting time and enhance accurate vehicle position prediction. The proposed method utilizes the machine learning method to classify topologies in the parking space based on stationary location.
ANAGRAMA JOBS-NEARBY – A CASE STUDY FOR A SMART CITY DRAGOȘ SMADA, CARMEN ROTUNĂ, CARMEN CÎRNU, IONUȚ PETRE ANAGRAMA
Analele Universităţii Constantin Brâncuşi din Târgu Jiu : Seria Economie,
10/2017, Volume:
1, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
With an estimated figure of 10 billion people by 2050, from which about 70% are or will be living in the cities, it is obvious that the current infrastructure will be overloaded. As cities grow and ...expand their services, governance and management are becoming more and more complex. As a consequence, cities need to be adapted to address the social, economic, engineering, governmental and environmental challenges of these transformations. The cities need to become smart to properly face the challenges. Even if the implementation costs are high, the smart cities increases the economic standards in a medium-long term, reduces energy consumption, reduces transport costs and traffic values and increases quality of life. The paper presents Jobs-NearBy, a solution by which the local job market gets a fast and flexible tool to connect job-seekers and enterprises that are hiring in real-time. Job offers can be displayed on a map, filtered by your location, skills or payment. The optional Community-Profiles allow to bookmark or share interesting offers and provide an individual profile of participating job-seekers and enterprises.
В даній статті розглянуто проблеми захисту інформації у системах “SmartCity”. Проведено порівняння існуючих рішень та протоколів передачі даних для проводових рішень, таких як IPsec, SSL, TLS та ...безпроводових систем: ZigBee, Z-Wave, Thread, WeMo. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки кожної із існуючих систем. Система “SmartCity” повинна вміти розпізнавати конкретну ситуацію, що виникає в будинку, місті, на виробництві, при обробці великої кількості даних, реагувати відповідно: одна із систем може контролювати поведінку інших систем за допомогою заздалегідь розробленого алгоритму. Основним призначенням системи «SmartCity» є економія енергоносіїв, що є все більш актуальним у зв’язку з їх подорожчанням в Україні. Тому інтелектуалізація стає все популярнішою, наздоганяючи світові тенденції до автоматизації побуту. Однак, незважаючи на розвиток та поступову формальну та неформальну стандартизацію технологій розумного міста, та будь-якої домашньої автоматизації, все ще існує проблема вибору протоколів для передачі інформації між керованими пристроями, датчиками та іншими елементами. Ця проблема особливо серйозна, коли це необхідно для забезпечення конфіденційності та цілісності даних, що циркулюють у системі. Метою цього дослідження є пошук захищеного мережевого протоколу, який дозволяє використовувати його в автоматичному сигналізуючому обладнанні, щоб не можна було використовувати спеціальні програмні та апаратні рішення для впливу на конфіденційність та цілісність інформації.В статі не останнє місце займає питання безпеки інформації, адже маючи доступ до такого будинку системи правління містом або виробництвом, можна завдати дуже великої шкоди його власнику. Оскільки в наш час досить поширеним є віддалене управління та доступ до інформації, слід використовувати захищені схеми, схеми шифрування та захисту, щоб знизити відсоток вразливості та не дати можливості зловмисникам завдати шкоди.
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