The DYNAMAP project is aimed at implementing a dynamic noise mapping system able to determine the acoustic impact of road infrastructures in real time. It was established as a result of the European ...Noise Directive 2002/49/EC. A Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) is used to collect the measurements in two pilot areas: in the city of Milan (urban) and on the A90 motorway around Rome (suburban). For a proper evaluation of the noise level of the road infrastructures, the anomalous noise events (ANE) unrelated to traffic noise (e.g., sirens, horns, speech, doors, etc.) should be removed before updating the noise maps. For this purpose, an anomalous noise events detector (ANED) was initially designed and trained using data from a real-life recording campaign. In this work, we continue adapting the ANED algorithm to conform to the requirements of the final 25-node hybrid WASN deployed in the suburban environment. Specifically, the study focuses on the analysis of the spectro-temporal characteristics of the acoustic data in real-operation conditions and their differences between the 19 high-capacity nodes in the Rome pilot area in order to adapt the ANED to run on the entire WASN appropriately.
The Internet of Things (IoT) domain has been one of the fastest growing areas in the computer industry for the last few years. Consequently, IoT applications are becoming the dominant work load for ...many data centers. This has implications for the designers of data centers, as they need to meet their customers' requirements.
Since it is not easy to use real applications for the design and test of data center setups, a tool is required to emulate real applications but is easy to configure, scale and deploy in a data center. This paper will introduce a simple but generic way to model the work load of typical IoT applications, in order to have a realistic and reproducible way to emulate IT loads for data centers.
IoT application designers are in the process of harmonizing their approaches on how architectures should look, which building blocks are needed, and how they should interwork. While all IoT subdomains are diverse when it comes to the details, the architectural blueprints are becoming more and more aligned. These blueprints are called reference architectures and incorporate similar patterns for the underlying application primitives.
This paper will introduce an approach to decompose IoT applications into such application primitives, and use them to emulate a workload as it would be created by the modeled application. The paper concludes with an example application of the IoT Workload Emulation in the BodenTypeDC experiment, where new cooling approaches for data centers have been tested under realistic work load conditions.
Il Comune di Bari ed AMTAB, hanno deciso di “liberare” a settembre 2014 i dati derivanti dal telecontrollo dei mezzi di trasporto AMTAB , rendendo li fruibili in modalità “opendata”. Questa ...iniziativa punta a soddisfare l’esigenza d’integrare le diverse soluzioni per la mobilità e realizzare un sistema di monitoraggio della mobilità sostenibile e intelligente nell’ambito del programma Bari Smart City. In September 2014 the City of Bari and AMTAB, the local public transport company, decided to open the data derived from the remote control of AMTAB buses with a creative commons CC0 license. The data published are both static and dynamic: they are accessible through web services and provide information, among others, on the list of bus stops and estimated times for the arrival of buses at the stops. These data are used to calculate information on the congestion level of traffic on the roads covered by the city buses. Such information are available as opendata too. This initiative is part of a Living Lab aiming to meet the need of the city of Bari for the integration of different mobility solutions and the implementation of an integrated system for the monitoring of the smart and sustainable mobility in Bari.
Il Comune di Bari ed AMTAB, hanno deciso di “liberare” a settembre 2014 i dati derivanti dal telecontrollo dei mezzi di trasporto AMTAB , rendendo li fruibili in modalità “opendata”. Questa ...iniziativa punta a soddisfare l’esigenza d’integrare le diverse soluzioni per la mobilità e realizzare un sistema di monitoraggio della mobilità sostenibile e intelligente nell’ambito del programma Bari Smart City. In September 2014 the City of Bari and AMTAB, the local public transport company, decided to open the data derived from the remote control of AMTAB buses with a creative commons CC0 license. The data published are both static and dynamic: they are accessible through web services and provide information, among others, on the list of bus stops and estimated times for the arrival of buses at the stops. These data are used to calculate information on the congestion level of traffic on the roads covered by the city buses. Such information are available as opendata too. This initiative is part of a Living Lab aiming to meet the need of the city of Bari for the integration of different mobility solutions and the implementation of an integrated system for the monitoring of the smart and sustainable mobility in Bari.
The improvement of quality of life in the framework of the smart city paradigm cannot be limited to a set of objective measures carried out over several critical parameters (e.g., noise or air ...pollution). Noise disturbances depend not only on the equivalent level
measured, but also on the spectral distribution of the sounds perceived by people. Propagation modelling to conduct auralization can be done either with geometrical acoustics or with wave-based methods, given the fact that urban environments are acoustically complex scenarios. In this work, we present a first analysis of the acoustic spectral distribution of street noise, based on the frequency selectivity of the urban outdoor channel and its corresponding coherence bandwidth. The analysis was conducted in the framework of the data collected in the Milan pilotWASN of the DYNAMAP LIFE project, with the use of three simulated acoustic impulse responses. The results show the clear influence of the evaluated coherence bandwidth of each of the simulated channels over real-life acoustic samples, which leads us to the conclusion that all raw acoustic samples have to be considered as wide-band. The results also depict a dependence of accumulated energy at the receiver with the coherence bandwidth of the channel. We conclude that, the higher the delay spread of the channel, the narrower the coherence bandwidth and the higher the distortion suffered by acoustic signals. Moreover, the accumulated energy of the received signal along the frequency axis tends to differ from the accumulated energy of the transmitted signal when facing narrow coherence bandwidth channels; whereas the accumulated energy along the time axis diverges from the accumulated transmitted energy when facing wide coherence bandwidth channels.
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We present a system that analyzes data extracted from the microbloging site Twitter to detect the occurrence of events and obstacles that can affect pedestrian mobility, with a special focus on ...people with impaired mobility. First, the system extracts tweets that match certain predefined terms. Then, it obtains location information from them by using the location provided by Twitter when available, as well as searching the text of the tweet for locations. Finally, it applies natural language processing techniques to confirm that an actual event that affects mobility is reported and extract its properties (which urban element is affected and how). We also present some empirical results that validate the feasibility of our approach.
This paper explores an approach to evaluating spatial service and layout efficiency of municipal Wi-Fi facilities for cyber infrastructure planning in the construction of a smart city. Based on the ...equilibrium principle that Wi-Fi services supply should meet the spatial demand for recreation, urgency, and security, two evaluation models were built. In the first model, the spatial service efficiency of Wi-Fi facilities is measured by a mean ratio of three types of demand spaces covered by Wi-Fi service. In the other model, spatial layout efficiency of each Wi-Fi facility is calculated by a demand load indicator - the sum of the three types of demand space's ratios of served quantity to the average quantity it should carry, and then assessed by relationship with its adjacent facilities. Corresponding statistical methods and analysis processes were also designed using the function modules found in ArcGIS software. The approach was applied to Wuhan city in 2016. After overlaying influence areas of 688 Wi-Fi facilities with demand spaces of 137 access points for recreation, 1200.99 km roads for urgency, 121.54 km2 regions for security, the results show that there exists a spatial disequilibrium between supply and demand of Wi-Fi service in Wuhan due to lack of comprehensive planning. Specifically, there are 67 points, 700.76 km roads, and 42.59 km2 regions of demand spaces covered by Wi-Fi service, with service efficiencies of 48.91%, 58.35%, and 35.04% respectively and an overall spatial service efficiency of 47.43%. Among all the Wi-Fi facilities, there are 481 carrying saturated demand, 3 straying from the centre of demand space, and 204 redundant. The overall spatial layout efficiency of Wi-Fi facilities is 43.01%. The conclusion is that the dense and massive redundant Wi-Fi facilities should be optimized, especially in the centre areas along the confluence of Yangtze and Han rivers and new Wi-Fi facilities supplemented in other ill-equipped areas. Since many metropolitan cities experience the same problem, this novel approach will find wide application in the future and offer improved evaluation strategies for researchers and policymakers.
•A new scientific perspective based on supply-demand principle was established for evaluating municipal Wi-Fi facility.•A novel approach with succinct processes was designed to evaluate spatial service and layout efficiency of Wi-Fi facility.•Disequilibrium and inefficiency of public Wi-Fi facility in Wuhan, China were revealed with causes explored for improvement.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With the tremendous increase in low resolution videos on video sharing websites, retrieval of a correct video becomes a tougher task. The existing methods provide retrieval approaches based on ...minimum number of features comparison. It leads to an inefficient video retrieval. Most researches had concentrated on tracking ability and conversion of low resolution to high resolution videos. These methods failed to provide fast retrieval of videos from large databases. The proposed work is concentrated mostly on riot videos from large video repositories to identify the previous criminal records in a particular region of the smart city (Cocchia in Smart and digital city: a systematic literature review, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland,
2014
; Pardo and Taewoo in Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on digital government research, ACM, New York,
2011
). It uses certain combination ofobject oriented features like object and camera motion feature, color histogram and edge detection technique. In the proposed retrieval process, the key frames are extracted from the original video instead of using the whole video information for retrieval process. Object Oriented features were then extracted from these key frames and saved in database. Then, the retrieval process is done by searching the availability of relevant Object Oriented values based on the query submitted by the user. Thus the combination of four different features provides an efficient retrieval of low resolution videos from the database. The retrieved video may include redundant information in the projected work. To avoid such redundancy, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used. The result of query video is compared with database video using degree of closeness measurement. Consequently, low resolution video retrieval based on PSO seems to be encouraging in terms of its performance in extracting videos than existing retrieval approaches.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
There are a large number of cameras distributed throughout smart cities. As amount as the number of cameras increases, a huge streaming workload is produced. Although Fog computing has been used to ...reduce latency and jitter, Gateways IoT are unable to identify whether the data produced is invalid or absent, affecting the quality of service. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of gap filling algorithms to smart surveillance environment. Our study shows that it is possible to maximize the accuracy of data imputation. Performance evaluation shows significant improvements in the imputation of missing data using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), increasing the accuracy in the estimation of the Streaming video, and thus improving the quality of service.
This volume captures the status of digital humanities within the Arts in South Africa. The primary research methodology falls within the broader tradition of phenomenological hermeneutics, with a ...specific emphasis on visual hermeneutics. Some of the tools utilised as part of the visual hermeneutic methods are geographic information system (GIS) mapping, sensory ethnography and narrative pathways. Digital humanities is positioned here as the necessary engagement of the humanities with the pervasive digital culture of the 21st century. It is posited that the humanities and arts, in particular, have an essential role to play in unlocking meaning from scientific, technological and data-driven research. The critical engagement with digital humanities is foregrounded throughout the volume, as this crucial engagement works through images. Images (as understood within image studies) are not merely another form of text but always more than text. As such, this book is the first of its kind in the South African scholarly landscape, and notably also a first on the African continent. Its targeted audience include both scholars within the humanities, particularly in the arts and social sciences. Researchers pursuing the new field of digital humanities may also find the ideas presented in this book significant. Several of the chapters analyse the question of dealing with digital humanities through representations of the self as viewed from the Global South. However, it should be noted that self-representation is not the only area covered in this volume. The latter chapters of the book discuss innovative ways of implementing digital humanities strategies and methodologies for teaching and researching in South Africa.
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