Many modern data sets require inference methods that can estimate the shared and individual-specific components of variability in collections of matrices that change over time. Promising methods have ...been developed to analyze these types of data in static cases, but only a few approaches are available for dynamic settings. To address this gap, we consider novel models and inference methods for pairs of matrices in which the columns correspond to multivariate observations at different time points. In order to characterize common and individual features, we propose a Bayesian dynamic factor modeling framework called Time Aligned Common and Individual Factor Analysis (TACIFA) that includes uncertainty in time alignment through an unknown warping function. We provide theoretical support for the proposed model, showing identifiability and posterior concentration. The structure enables efficient computation through a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm. We show excellent performance in simulations, and illustrate the method through application to a social mimicry experiment.
Social mimicry may lead to convergent evolution when interactions with conspecific and heterospecific individuals drive evolution towards similar phenotypes in different species. Several social ...mimicry hypotheses accounting for convergence in communication signals exist. However, assessments of how similar species are given the visual system of signal receptors have been ostensibly missing from tests of such hypotheses. We used plumage reflectance measurements and models of avian colour discrimination to evaluate the efficacy of visual deception and the plausibility of mimicry hypotheses accounting for plumage convergence among six species of passerine birds in the flycatcher family (Tyrannidae) with strikingly similar plumage. We rejected the interspecific social dominance mimicry hypothesis as an explanation for the similarity between one putative model species and putative mimics because deception seems unlikely given their visual system. However, plumage similarity was consistent with a role for selective pressures exerted by predators because dorsal coloration of putative model and mimic species was indistinguishable by visually oriented raptors. Experiments and behavioural observations are necessary to better characterize social interactions and to test predictions of alternative mimicry hypotheses proposed to account for convergence.
•Visual deception is unlikely when evaluating Pitangus sulphuratus as a model.•Visual deception is likely when evaluating Megarynchus pitangua as a model.•Dorsal patches of all models and mimics were perceptually indistinguishable.•Results obtained using the three visual models were very similar.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mimicry is an important interpersonal behavior for initiating and maintaining relationships. By observing the same participants (N = 139) in multiple dyadic interactions (618 data points) in a ...round-robin design, we disentangled the extent to which mimicry is due to (a) the mimicker’s general tendency to mimic (imitativity), (b) the mimickee’s general tendency to evoke mimicry (imitatability), and (c) the unique dyadic relationship between the mimicker and the mimickee. We explored how these mimicry components affected liking and metaperceptions of liking (i.e., metaliking). Employing social relations models, we found substantial interindividual differences in imitativity, which predicted popularity. However, we found only small interindividual differences in imitatability. We found support for our proposition that mimicry is a substantially dyadic construct explained mostly by the unique relationship between two people. Finally, we explored the link between dyadic mimicry and liking, and we found that a person’s initial liking of his or her interaction partner led to mimicry, which in turn increased the partner’s liking of the mimicker.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The article reconstructs the everyday life of urban dwellers during the revolution and civil war of 1917-1920 in Ukraine. Average people include representatives of different social groups of the ...urban population, united by the desire to ensure their own survival by adapting to changing political and economic realities. The main models of daily practices common at that time are considered, which include a change in appearance, the use of fake documents, maximum isolation, previously unusual activities, as well as masking genuine activities in case of their forbidden nature. Appearance changed mainly by abandoning the usual clothes which made it possible to determine the social status of its wearer. The registration of all kinds of certificates transferred their owners to the “socially close” groups of the new government, and was intended to save them from various persecutions. Isolation was achieved either by a regular change of place of residence, or by the complete avoidance of any contact. The greatest ability to externally reformat their former employment was demonstrated by professional traders who tried to remain faithful to their usual business, despite all the new restrictions. The author revealed that a characteristic feature of the life of specialists who had professions in demand under any government was the long-term preservation of their usual way of life, home comfort and contentment. The specific features of the general socio-anthropological crisis of this period have been established.Separately, the article discusses the practice of mental relaxation of citizens to preserve their illusory "small world", creating a simulation of a forever lost way of life around themselves or in the immediate environment. The author showed the consequences of applying such practices. The study of historical experience associated with periods of social uncertainty is relevant since real politics should consider the peculiarities of citizens' everyday behavior, which are mainly identical to the practices of the last century.
This article aims to explore the creative practices of young people using the TikTok app in the context of the Covid pandemic which, since March 2020, has resulted in the deaths of millions of people ...around the world. Creative practices on Tiktok evolve according to a process of social mimicry. A model production is the source of hundreds of subsequent productions which are all original. We selected three popular productions during the pandemic to analyze them. Our analyze is based on the socio-anthropological approach which is a contemporary trend in comprehensive sociology. Our results highlight several initiatory themes that belong to the repertoire of great anthropological invariants such as loneliness, fear of death, anxiety about the future and identity ambivalence in adolescence. These are all themes which, we will discuss, touch on the tragic dimension of the human condition. In this article, we clarify in the first two parts the concepts of rite of passage, initiation and social mimicry that constitute our theoretical framework. Subsequently, in the third part, we present the criteria for choosing the selected productions, the inclusion of our analysis in comprehensive sociology and the description of the productions. Our analysis of the three productions, which can be found in the fourth part, shows that social mimicry, at the source of the productions on TikTok, offers young people a creative space for identity building and socialization with peers. Finally, TikTok can be seen as an adolescent place of experimentation with the great invariants of the human condition.
Cet article a comme but d'explorer le contenu de vidéos produites par des jeunes avec l'application TikTok dans le contexte de la pandémie de la Covid qui, depuis mars 2020, a entraîné la mort de ...millions de personnes à travers le monde. Les pratiques de création sur Tiktok évoluent selon un processus de mimétisme social. Une production tenant lieu de modèle est à la source de centaines d'autres se veulant différentes de l'originale. Nous avons retenu trois productions populaires durant la pandémie pour une étude approfondie. Notre analyse est fondée sur l'approche socioanthropologique qui est un courant contemporain de la sociologie compréhensive. Nos résultats montrent que les jeunes investissent des thèmes initiatiques qui appartiennent au répertoire des grands invariants de la condition humaine comme la solitude, la peur de la mort, l'angoisse face à l'avenir et l'ambivalence identitaire à l'adolescence. Dans cet article, nous clarifions dans les deux premières parties les concepts de rite de passage, d'initiation et de mimétisme social qui constituent notre cadre théorique. Par la suite, dans la troisième partie, nous présentons les critères de choix des productions retenues, l'inscription de notre analyse dans la sociologie compréhensive et la description des productions. Notre analyse des trois productions, qui se trouve dans la quatrième partie, montre notamment que le mimétisme social, à la source des productions de vidéo sur TikTok, offre aux jeunes un espace créatif de construction identitaire et de socialisation avec les pairs. Enfin, TikTok peut être vu comme un lieu adolescent d'expérimentation des grands invariants de la condition humaine. Mots-clés : TikTok, adolescence, mimétisme social, invariant, émulation TikTok: Anxiety, Loneliness and Teenage Exploration in Times of Pandemic This article aims to explore the creative practices of young people using the TikTok app in the context of the Covid pandemic which, since March 2020, has resulted in the deaths of millions of people around the world. Creative practices on Tiktok evolve according to a process of social mimicry. A model production is the source of hundreds of subsequent productions which are all original. We selected three popular productions during the pandemic to analyze them. Our analyze is based on the socio-anthropological approach which is a contemporary trend in comprehensive sociology. Our results highlight several initiatory themes that belong to the repertoire of great anthropological invariants such as loneliness, fear of death, anxiety about the future and identity ambivalence in adolescence. These are all themes which, we will discuss, touch on the tragic dimension of the human condition. In this article, we clarify in the first two parts the concepts of rite of passage, initiation and social mimicry that constitute our theoretical framework. Subsequently, in the third part, we present the criteria for choosing the selected productions, the inclusion of our analysis in comprehensive sociology and the description of the productions. Our analysis of the three productions, which can be found in the fourth part, shows that social mimicry, at the source of the productions on TikTok, offers young people a creative space for identity building and socialization with peers. Finally, TikTok can be seen as an adolescent place of experimentation with the great invariants of the human condition. Keywords: TikTok, adolescence, social mimicry, anthropological invariants, emulation
The present study analyzed heterotypic schooling behavior and protective mimicry relationships involving species of the genus Haemulon and other coral reef fishes on coastal reefs at Tamandaré, ...Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. The work was performed during 35 hours of direct observation using the "focal animal" method. The observed events involved 14 species of reef fish in eight different families. The phenomenon of mixed schooling appeared to be related to the large number of individuals of the genus Haemulon present in reef environments and to the tendency of individuals with limited populations to try to aggregate in schools (e.g. genus Scarus).
O presente estudo analisou o comportamento de formação de cardumes mistos e mimetismo de proteção envolvendo espécies do gênero Haemulon e demais peixes recifais nos recifes costeiros de Tamandaré, estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado utilizando observações subaquáticas e incluiu 35 horas de observação direta utilizando o método animal focal, durante as quais foram registradas associações com 14 espécies pertencentes a oito famílias diferentes. Os fenômenos registrados possivelmente estão relacionados à grande quantidade de indivíduos do gênero Haemulon presentes nos ecossistemas recifais e também à tendência de indivíduos com reduzidas populações a permanecerem em cardumes (e.g. gênero Scarus).
Cumulative culture ostensibly arises from a set of sociocognitive processes which includes high-fidelity production imitation, prosociality and group identification. The latter processes are ...facilitated by unconscious imitation or social mimicry. The proximate mechanisms of individual variation in imitation may thus shed light on the evolutionary history of the human capacity for cumulative culture. In humans, a genetic component to variation in the propensity for imitation is likely. A functional length polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene, the short allele at 5HTTLPR, is associated with heightened responsiveness to the social environment as well as anatomical and activational differences in the brain's imitation circuity. Here, we evaluate whether this polymorphism contributes to variation in production imitation and social mimicry. Toddlers with the short allele at 5HTTLPR exhibit increased social mimicry and increased fidelity of demonstrated novel object manipulations. Thus, the short allele is associated with two forms of imitation that may underlie the human capacity for cumulative culture. The short allele spread relatively recently, possibly due to selection, and its frequency varies dramatically on a global scale. Diverse observations can be unified via conceptualization of 5HTTLPR as influencing the propensity to experience others' emotions, actions and sensations, potentially through the mirror mechanism.
Octopus mimicking its follower reef fish Krajewski, J. P.; Bonaldo, R. M.; Sazima, C. ...
Journal of natural history,
20/1/1/, Volume:
43, Issue:
3-4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We describe a possible example of social mimicry between Octopus insularis and the small grouper Cephalopholis fulva, which frequently associate during foraging at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, ...Brazil. The octopus, when swimming backwards, jet-propelled, becomes similar in colour and shape to accompanying C. fulva individuals and is therefore less conspicuous within the fish group. We regard this as an instance of social mimicry, a form of protection against visually-oriented predators in which different species similar in shape and colour mingle for the advantage of grouping. Even when swimming backwards alone, O. insularis may become similar to foraging C. fulva individuals, another putatively protective behaviour. We suggest that the feeding association commonly found between O. insularis and C. fulva minimized the evolutionary costs for the origin of mimicking by the octopus.
†Retired and associated as voluntary researcher.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We study how the ratings people receive on online labor platforms are influenced by their performance, gender, their rater's gender, and displayed ratings from other raters. We conducted a deception ...study in which participants collaborated on a task with a pair of simulated workers, who varied in gender and performance level, and then rated their performance. When the performance of paired workers was similar, low-performing females were rated lower than their male counterparts. Where there was a clear performance difference between paired workers, low-performing females were preferred over a similarly-performing male peer. Furthermore, displaying an average rating from other raters made ratings more extreme, resulting in high performing workers receiving significantly higher ratings and low performers lower ratings compared to when average ratings were absent. This work contributes an empirical understanding of when biases in ratings manifest, and offers recommendations for how online work platforms can counter these biases.
PDF
