Adult animated television shows such as South Park may come across as crude, juvenile humour, but they also reveal mainstream society’s disposition in regards to different social institutions. ...Building on the understanding that such programs offer viewers a sense of the “cultural climate,” this essay examines two South Park episodes—“712” and 912”—that parodied Mormons and Scientologists, respectively, in order to understand how these religions are depicted and interrogate what separates the marginal from the mainstream. In recognition of Mormonism’s comparatively positive portrayal, this essay suggests that the group may no longer be profitably studied alongside other new religious movements such as Scientology.
This article will consider the recent 'remastered' editions of the first twelve seasons of the Comedy Central animated series South Park (1997-), and the impact that this may have upon the meanings ...associated with the original episodes. The show is now produced in a high-definition format, and most circulating versions of new instalments present any swearing 'unbleeped'. These choices were not present from the very beginning of the series, however, and retrospectively applying them to past works serves to complicate the linear production history of the show. South Park has been quite vocal in its criticism of the revisionist practices of directors such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas (most notably in the episode 'Free Hat', airdate 07/10/2002). As such, this decision to submit to an apparently similar process raises questions about South Park's 'cult' status, and the previous tendency to celebrate its (self-professed) 'crappy' aesthetics. The show's remarkable longevity offers a valuable case study into the complexities and contradictions of preserving television history, while also attempting to maximize a text's profitability and 'afterlife' in the online streaming marketplace.
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Tidligere forskning på South Park og religion har basert seg på en grunnleggende antakelse om at denne serien fremmer sekulær humanisme. Denne artikkelen kritiserer dette premisset. Basert på en ...sammenstilling av seks episoder som fokuserer på katolisisme og/eller inneholder karakterer som er basert på historiske paveskikkelser (“Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?”, “Red Hot Catholic Love”, “Bloody Mary”, “Fantastic Easter Special”, “The Hobbit”, “A Boy and His Priest”), argumenterer jeg for at seriens portrettering av katolisismen er mye mer balansert, og at den i tillegg promoterer verdier som kommer til syne dersom vi betrakter den fra Nancy Ammernanns perspektiv og anvender hennes begrep om «golden rule Christianity» (1997).
Despite several claims on the political inconsequence and moral ambivalence of humor and satire, I contend that satire can be employed to raise environmental awareness, which requires ethical and ...political responsibility, and foreground environmental concerns among people and policy makers.
South Park
is investigated to illustrate how an alliance between satire and environmentalism can further environmental causes. The show’s environmental satire happens at three levels: direct environmental satire aiming to promote environmental ethics and encourage change; satire directed against environmentalists; and satire linking environmental issues with other adjacent concerns including politics, economy, culture, race, ethnicity, science and religion.
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Deconstructing South Park: Critical Examinations of Animated Transgression is the first book to systematically analyze the cultural phenomenon of South Park from a wide scope of theoretical ...approaches. Brian Cogan and the other contributors address the show from perspectives as diverse as media studies, disability studies, and literary theory to ideological analysis, deviancy studies and media studies. Deconstructing South Park represents an essential contribution to television/media studies for both academics and popular audiences alike.
The major processes controlling groundwater flow in intermountain basins are poorly understood, particularly in basins underlain by folded and faulted bedrock and under regionally realistic ...hydrogeologic heterogeneity. To explore the role of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and poorly constrained mountain hydrologic conditions on regional groundwater flow in contracted intermountain basins, a series of 3‐D numerical groundwater flow models were developed using the South Park basin, Colorado, USA as a proxy. The models were used to identify the relative importance of different recharge processes to major aquifers, to estimate typical groundwater circulation depths, and to explore hydrogeologic communication between mountain and valley hydrogeologic landscapes. Modeling results show that mountain landscapes develop topographically controlled and predominantly local‐scale to intermediate‐scale flow systems. Permeability heterogeneity of the fold and fault belt and decreased topographic roughness led to permeability controlled flow systems in the valley. The structural position of major aquifers in the valley fold and fault belt was found to control the relative importance of different recharge mechanisms. Alternative mountain recharge model scenarios showed that higher mountain recharge rates led to higher mountain water table elevations and increasingly prominent local flow systems, primarily resulting in increased seepage within the mountain landscape and nonlinear increases in mountain block recharge to the valley. Valley aquifers were found to be relatively insensitive to changing mountain water tables, particularly in structurally isolated aquifers inside the fold and fault belt.
Key Points
Numerical groundwater model of folded and faulted intermountain basin
Different landscapes form topography or permeability controlled flow systems
Geologic structure controls recharge mechanisms in valley aquifers
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The high-elevation, high-relief landscape of the southern Rocky Mountains (Rockies), USA, reflects interactions between tectonics, paleoclimate, and surface processes. The southern Rockies ...experienced several episodes of uplift, extension, and major climate changes during the Cenozoic, but the landscape and river drainage evolution remain poorly constrained. Here we apply detrital zircon UPb geochronology to Eocene-Miocene strata in south-central Colorado to constrain the depositional ages and sediment provenance. A total of 1284 concordant UPb ages were determined and are grouped into 75–11 Ma, 1500–1300 Ma, and 1800–1500 Ma populations. Intense late Eocene-Oligocene regional volcanism provided abundant air fall zircons into the latest Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary systems where maximum depositional ages can be used to closely proximate depositional ages and improve the chronostratigraphy. The new data are integrated with interpretation of sedimentary environments, and the detrital zircon signatures of potential source terranes and age-equivalent strata in other nearby basins to interpret landscape and paleodrainage evolution. Specifically, the new provenance data show that (1) after the main phase of the Laramide deformation, the Wet Mountains, but not the Sangre de Cristo Range, was the dominant local topographic feature, and a southward-flowing river connected the Wet Mountain Valley with the Huerfano and Raton Basins to the south; (2) during the Eocene-early Oligocene, aggradation of the Wet Mountain Valley and the Huerfano Basin formed a low-relief surface, and subsequent river erosion changed the drainage pattern eastward and likely formed the modern lower Arkansas River valley; and (3) during the Miocene, dissection of the low-relief surface by the opening of the Rio Grande Rift formed the upper Arkansas River valley, and the upper valley was connected with the lower valley to establish the modern drainage pattern of the Arkansas River in the southern Rockies.
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Heavy metals in urban soils continue to attract attention because of their potential long-term effects on human health. During a previous investigation of urban soils in Galway City, Ireland, a ...pollution hotspot of Pb, Cu, Zn and As was identified in the sports ground of South Park in the Claddagh. The sports ground was formerly a rubbish dumping site for both municipal and industrial wastes. In the present study, a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analyser was used to obtain rapid in-situ elemental analyses of the topsoil (depth: about 5-10 cm) at 200 locations on a 20 x 20-m grid in South Park. Extremely high values of the pollutants were found, with maximum values of Pb, Zn, Cu and As of 10,297, 24,716, 2224 and 744 mg/kg soil, respectively. High values occur particularly where the topsoil cover is thin, whereas lower values were found in areas where imported topsoil covers the polluted substrate. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were applied to the dataset to create elemental spatial distribution maps, three-dimensional images and interpretive hazard maps of the pollutants in the study area. Immediate action to remediate the contaminated topsoil is recommended to safeguard the health of children who play at the sports ground.
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