This paper proposes a methodology for using mobile telephone-based sensor data for detecting spatial and temporal differences in everyday activities in cities. Mobile telephone-based sensor data has ...great applicability in developing urban monitoring tools and smart city solutions. The paper outlines methods for delineating indicator points of temporal events referenced as 'midnight', 'morning start', 'midday', and 'duration of day', which represent the mobile telephone usage of residents (what we call social time) rather than solar or standard time. Density maps by time quartiles were also utilized to test the versatility of this methodology and to analyze the spatial differences in cities. The methodology was tested with data from cities of Harbin (China), Paris (France), and Tallinn (Estonia). Results show that the developed methods have potential for measuring the distribution of temporal activities in cities and monitoring urban changes with georeferenced mobile phone data.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cette étude entend montrer l’importance et le rôle de la ville de Musumb dans l’histoire de l’État lunda en Afrique centrale. Ce rôle est examiné à travers l’analyse des règnes de différents ...empereurs qui se succèdent au trône pendant la période précoloniale et les dynamiques politiques et sociales qui ont poussé les déplacements de cette capitale dans l’État lunda. Un détour par une analyse étymologique du terme musumb permet également de saisir des pans non explorés de cette histoire. Les causes de ces mobilités pendant le milieu et l’avant dernière décennie du xixe siècle sont à la fois endogènes et exogènes. Les causes endogènes sont expliquées par le processus électoral qui est lié aux règles de succession et aux tractations successorales. Les facteurs sociologiques, politiques et économiques, expliquent les causes externes proches et lointaines. Leurs conséquences sont les assassinats très fréquents des empereurs lunda et les multiples déplacements spatiaux de la capitale Musumb.
•Personality traits play a role in the decision to migrate domestically in most European countries.•Openness increases the odds of migration while conscientiousness exerts a restrictive ...effect.•Openness is associated with internal migration in more countries than other personality traits.•Evidence for personality traits other than openness and conscientiousness is inconsistent.
The association between personality traits and migration has received growing attention, but differences in survey instruments, analytical methods, definitions of migration and observation periods make it difficult to ascertain and generalise the role of personality traits in the migration decision-making process. To address these limitations, this paper uses comparable retrospective migration histories collected in 17 European countries as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in 2017. Regression analysis reveals that openness is positively and most consistently associated with migration. The restrictive effect of conscientiousness was found in only four countries. Results for other personality traits are inconsistent. The role of macro contextual factors in shaping the interaction between personality traits and migrationwarrants further research.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Spatial mobility is considered a valuable resource for social mobility. Yet, we still have an insufficient understanding of the extent to which and under what conditions geographical movement across ...national borders represents an asset for social advancement. Addressing this research gap, we offer a theoretical contribution to the fields of transnationalism, migration/mobility, and social geography. We focus on 86 cross-border migrant entrepreneurs who live in Barcelona (Spain), Cúcuta (Colombia), and Zurich (Switzerland), and combine geographical and mental maps, biographical interviews, ethnographic observations, and participatory Minga workshops. Our results show significant inequality in opportunity among the studied entrepreneurs and reveal different geographies of risk and uncertainty for their cross-border mobilities. We theoretically propose that the ability to use spatial mobility as a resource for social mobility depends largely on three intersecting factors: the entrepreneur’s social position, his or her location in geographical space, and his or her strategies. Moreover, we have formulated the concept of spatial mobility capital to define the necessary conditions for spatial mobility to become a valuable resource for social advancement: individuals must be in control of their spatial mobilities, such mobilities need to match their socio-economic needs and personal aspirations, and they must be able to move safely.
A large number of Censuses and surveys around the globe only measure ‘migrations’ crossing particular politico‐administrative boundaries, most commonly ‘major’ areas like states. These moves, in ...turn, are often assumed to be representative of all long‐distance or, in some settings, urban–urban moves. While important because such boundaries signal relevant policy environments, little research has tested these assumptions and, more broadly, the implications of examining mobility using an inter/intrastate classification schema versus other substantively‐relevant approaches. Because these examinations have been particularly absent in developing nations, we compare the dynamics and correlates of mobility across inter/intrastate, distance‐ and rural/urban‐based classification schemata in Mexico, a nation with heterogeneous mobility similar to other large middle‐income countries and overall good data availability. We use 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census long‐form data to examine the changing dynamics of mobility patterns and correlates across the classification schemata. While we find that interstate mobility does cover a large majority of long‐distance and many urban–urban moves, we find that the correlates of interstate movement vary considerably from urban–urban movement in particular. We also find that excluding intrametropolitan from other types of moves may be a sensible strategy to better characterize some processes, an issue of increasing relevance in a more urban world and where city‐regions span across major administrative areas. Given these findings, for a better understanding socioeconomic patterns and trends, we recommend that studies of internal migration avoid intra/interstate schema, consider separating intrametropolitan moves, and combine distance‐based and rural‐urban‐metropolitan approaches.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study strives to contribute to the discussions on the increasing use of data in organisational settings within specific contexts like governance and control of spatial mobilities. Whereas legal, ...regulatory, and technical aspects are widely studied, there is less knowledge about public discourses on data, especially the data professionals' interpretations (re)constructing these understandings. This study conducted Q-methodological interviews among data professionals employed in the mobility domain in Estonia—a leading digital society—who work in public, private, and third-sector organisations. The findings show the emergence of four discourses on data: (I) data-based liberal internationalism and equal access; (II) integrative data activities through cooperation and disciplinary continuity; (III) (big)data self-reflections and organisational data culture; and (IV) data discrimination aware data practices and privacy protection. Thus, governance through data does not constitute a single imaginary future but creates various scenarios across the types of both data and mobility and the sector. We propose that governance through data emerges in these discourses not only as ‘enculturation’, where data are seen as an ultimate medium of knowledge, but as ‘acculturation’—critically self-reflexive learning through data as a form of change in organisations and among data professionals.
•The experts are constructing an understanding of the future of governance through data.•Governance through data does not constitute a single imaginary future.•Four discourses on the design and implementation of data technologies emerged.•The discourses vary across the type of mobility, data, and sector in which the interviewees work.•The article strives to open discussions on alternatives to data-driven mobility governance.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, we analyze the association of social isolation in the first phase of the pandemic with perceived stress among residents of Poland and Italy with a look at how these populations adjust ...to and comply with implemented regulations, guidelines, and restrictions.
Internet survey with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and questions regarding mobility patterns, attitude, and propensity to adjust toward the implemented measures and current health condition was made among Polish and Italian residents (Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and 0.79, respectively). The sample size was 7,108 (6,169 completed questionnaires in Poland and 939 in Italy).
The Polish group had a higher stress level than the Italian group (mean PSS-10 total score 22,14 vs 17,01, respectively;
< 0.01). There was a greater prevalence of chronic diseases among Polish respondents. Italian subjects expressed more concern about their health, as well as about their future employment. Italian subjects did not comply with suggested restrictions as much as Polish subjects and were less eager to restrain from their usual activities (social, physical, and religious), which were more often perceived as "most needed matters" in Italian than in Polish residents.
Higher activity level was found to be correlated with lower perceived stress, but the causality is unclear. Difference in adherence to restrictions between Polish and Italian residents suggests that introducing similar lockdown policies worldwide may not be as beneficial as expected. However, due to the applied method of convenience sampling and uneven study groups, one should be careful with generalizing these results.
From a nation‐state and regional perspective, global talent flows have traditionally been South−North, and the discourse has focused on brain drain or brain gain. This research extends beyond the ...South−North spatial structure to investigate Taiwanese talent flows to China, examining why young Taiwanese talent is migrating to China for employment in the complex context of cross‐Strait relations, and how they accumulate capital through their own particular globalized situation and the relationship they construct between capital accumulation and spatial mobility. The fieldwork for the present research included in‐depth interviews conducted in 2018 with 35 young Taiwanese who had relocated to Beijing for work. Results found that Taiwanese talent does not always accumulate capital through spatial mobility, but rather they experience the offset of privilege and depreciation of embodied cultural capital in the place of immigration and continue to accumulate mixed forms of embodied cultural capital such as ‘Chinese experience’ which enable the constant mobility or stop in the future. This research describes the dynamics of spatial mobility of talents caused by the accumulation of embodied cultural capital in countering the globalized situation.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Young people choose where they live and work, taking into consideration whether or not they can procure resources that can help to provide them with a better life. This is all the more the case with ...young people in precarious work, especially women. However, there is little research which shows how the transitions of young people in a big city occur, including with regard to their spatial mobility after graduation. This paper examines the careers of young women in Tokyo in the light of their spatial mobility, based on a panel study of young graduates from the general course of two public high schools. The results show, first, that in the 5 years after graduation from high school, which can be called the first half of extended adolescence, the more unstable and liquid the women’s employment became, the narrower the area was in which they worked and lived. Second, for the women with a relatively high academic background, marriage constrained their vocational and spatial choices. At the same time, for the other women their lower academic backgrounds and more precarious work seemed to be tickets to a stable future, although this was by no means easy for them to attain. Third, from the late 20s to the early 30s, which can be called the latter half of extended adolescence, the careers of women who worked part-time diverged, depending on whether they were married or not and whether or not they were regular employees. This divergence made a difference to their relations with their communities. Non-regularly employed single women who did not take the route to marriage or regular employment tried to keep working without any time constraints and they were then able to move freely and commit to a cultural environment with a high level of personal consumption.
PDF
