Uvod: Spolna disfunkcija je pri pacientih z multiplo sklerozo pogosta, ustreznih podatkov za slovensko populacijo pa ni na voljo. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vrsto in delež spolne disfunkcije, ...razlike med moškimi in ženskami ter morebitno povezavo med spolno disfunkcijo in značilnostmi pacientov.Metode: Presečna raziskava je bila izvedena pri pacientih z multiplo sklerozo, ki so imeli spolne odnose v zadnjih šestih mesecih in so izpolnili vprašalnik MSISQ-19 (Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire). V raziskavi je sodelovalo 368 pacientov povprečne starosti 40,9 leta in trajanjem bolezni 10,2 leta. Nevrološko prizadetost smo ocenili z EDDS (Expanded Disability Status Scale). Za primerjavo številčnih spremenljivk smo uporabili neparni t-test, za primerjavo kategoričnih spremenljivk hi-kvadrat,povezanost med značilnostmi pacientov ter posamezno obliko spolne disfunkcije pa smo ocenili s pomočjo korelacijskega koeficienta po Spearmanu.Rezultati: Delež spolne disfunkcije, definiran kot odgovor 4 ali 5 na katero koli vprašanje v MSISQ-19, je znašal 37 %, deleži primarne, sekundarne in terciarne spolne disfunkcije pa 39,4 %, 39,9 % in 40,8 %. Med spoloma ni bilo statistično pomembnih razlik. Statistično značilno, a zelo šibko linearno korelacijo smo ugotovili med značilnostmi pacientov (starost, trajanje bolezni, EDSS, trajanje partnerske zveze) ter posamezno obliko spolne disfunkcije.Diskusija in zaključek: Spolno disfunkcijo ima 37 % slovenskih pacientov z multiplo sklerozo. Med spoloma ni statistično pomembnih razlik, kar velja tudi za posamezne vrste spolne disfunkcije, kot so primarna, sekundarna in terciarna.
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Uvod: Spolno vedenje je pogosto povezano z določenim zdravstvenim tveganjem, kar vključuje nizko spolno ozaveščenost, značilno za spolno vedenje mladih brez izkušenj. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti ...odnos učencev do spolnega vedenja ter vlogo staršev in spolne vzgoje pri zavedanju učencev o posledicah tveganega spolnega vedenja. Metode: Izvedena je bila kvantitativna neeksperimentalna metoda raziskovanja, s pomočjo strukturiranega vprašalnika na vzorcu 144 učencev ene izmed osnovnih šol na Gorenjskem, septembra 2013. Za analizo podatkov so bili uporabljeni opisna statistika, Mann Whitneyjev U-test, Kruskall – Wallisov test ter linearna večkratna regresijska analiza. Rezultati: Trditev »Kadar imam težave, mi družina nudi oporo« ima statistično značilen vpliv na pozitivno oblikovanje mnenj o spolnem vedenju (β = 0,259, p = 0,002). Ugotovili smo statistično pomemben vpliv zavedanja anketirancev o posledicah tveganega spolnega vedenja in proučevanih spremenljivk, kot sta »Spolna vzgoja pomaga pri razumevanju telesnih in čustvenih sprememb, ki jih prinaša puberteta (β = 0,089,p < 0,001)« in »Pri prvem spolnem odnosu moram paziti, da sem zaščiten/-a« (β = 0,066, p = 0,001). Diskusija in zaključek: Anketirani učenci so dovzetni za ustvarjanje boljšega spolnega vedenja takrat, ko jim podporo - pogosto kot prvi vir - nudi družina. Spolna vzgoja predstavlja preventivo pred tveganim spolnim vedenjem. Gre za proces, v katerem posameznik pridobi informacije in oblikuje stališče / prepričanja o spolnosti, spolni identiteti, odnosih in intimnosti.
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YOUTH, SEXUALITY AND THE INTERNET Dušica Glušič; Ksenija Lekić
Zdravniški vestnik (Ljubljana, Slovenia : 1992),
02/2018, Volume:
78
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Background: The Institute of Public Health Celje has managed to develop the biggest Slovenian counsel- ling website for teenagers found on www.tosemjaz.net, where 33 experts voluntarily give advice ...to young people regarding the questions connected with the problems of growing up and health. In the course of eight years the experts of different specialities have answered more than 17.000 questions. On average, more than 500 young people visit the website every day; per month about 12.000 visits are registered. In this manner one advisory answer by an e-Counsellor which benefits numerous adolescents, presents a quick way of help for young people in need without medical referrals or waiting in queues, and at the same time, based on its voluntariness, it releases the burden on the health fund. Conclusions: The article is about international known website of The Institute of Public Health Celje www. tosemjaz.net which is very popular with teenagers at the age of 13 to 18. The most visited copyrighted content is «Love sex-Love is in me« where only the gynaecologist answered more than 5000 questions about taboo problems which are very difficult spoken by the adolescent at the medical clinic or face to face with the doctor.
Premda je medicinska skrb transrodnih osoba postojala već na početku 20. stoljeća, ozbiljnije proučavanje tog fenomena počelo je tek u drugoj polovici tog stoljeća. To je proučavanje pridonijelo ...smanjenju stigmatizacije transrodnih osoba, ali i istinskom nastojanju da im se pruži prikladna medicinska skrb i olakša neizreciva patnja koju prolaze zbog činjenice da im biološki spol nije u suglasju s rodnim identitetom. Ipak, unatoč novim spoznajama, o toj temi se još uvijek malo zna, budući da je jako kompleksna stvarnost. Zbog male količine relevantnih znanstvenih informacija i podataka otežan je proces dijagnosticiranja kao i proces definitivnog zbrinjavanja (tzv. afirmativni pristup) transrodnih osoba. Ovo osobito vrijedi za medicinsku skrb transrodne djece, čija tranzicija može započeti supresijom puberteta. Međutim, brojne su kritike te skrbi. Uza sve nejasnoće oko same etiologije stanja, golem je nedostatak empirijskih podataka na kojima bi se temeljilo ispravno postupanje, pa tako npr. opravdati blokiranje prirodnog procesa puberteta i primjenu spolnih hormona u svrhu postizanja fenotipa željenog spola. Cilj članka je istražiti spomenute kritike, kao i istražiti može li promjena spola biti bioetički i moralno opravdana. U cilju odgovora prvi dio članka predstavlja fenomenologiju transrodnosti, rodno afirmativnu terapiju i njezine kritike, dok drugi dio članka analizira moralnost rodno afirmativne terapije, odnosno bioetičku opravdanost promjene spola.
Although medical care for transgender people existed already at the beginning of the 20th century, serious study of this phenomenon began only in the second half of that century. This study contributed to reducing the stigmatization of transgender people, but also to a genuine effort to provide them with appropriate medical care and ease the unspeakable suffering they go through due to the fact that their biological sex does not agree with their gender identity. However, despite the new findings, little is still known about this topic, since it is a very complex reality. Due to the small amount of relevant scientific information and data, the process of diagnosing as well as the process of definitive treatment (the so-called affirmative approach) of transgender persons is difficult. This is especially true for the medical care of transgender children, whose transition may begin with the suppression of puberty. However, there are numerous criticisms of this care. Besides all the uncertainties about the aetiology of the condition, there is a huge lack of empirical data on which to base correct treatment, such as justifying the blocking of the natural process of puberty and the use of sex hormones in order to achieve the phenotype of the desired sex. The aim of the article is to investigate the aforestated criticisms, as well as to investigate whether gender reassignment can be bioethically and morally justified. In order to answer, the first part of the article presents the phenomenology of transgenderism, gender-affirmative therapy and its criticisms, while the second part of the article analyses the morality of gender-affirmative therapy, that is, the bioethical justification of gender change.
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Background: Due to the defficiency of sex hormone estrogen after the menopause, the quality of woman's life dramatically decreases. Atrophic vaginitis in particular is a frequent cause of problems in ...these women's sex life. Methods: The gynecologist can detect the problems related to atrophic vaginitis using directed medi- cal history; clinical picture is also easily recognized. Atrophic vaginits is treated with locally applied hormone preparations, 17 beta Estradiol in the form of vaginal tablets having been proven as the safest providing the highest compliance. Safety, efficinecy and good compliance of 17 beta Estradiol vaginal tablets in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis was also confirmed by Slovene gyencologists in an observational study. In the next step we used a survey to evaluate the extent of sexual activity, their attitude to sexuality, and their subjective notion of the treatment they received from their gynecologists among the menopausal women coming to outpatient clinics. Conclusions: The quality of sexual life in women with atrophic vaginitis can be improved by local hormone treatment. A proactive approach is required, using a directed medical history concerning sexual activity. It is clear that for too many postmenopausal women sexuality is still a taboo which they will reluctantly talk about.
Background: Slovenia is one of the most successful European countries in the prevention of adolescent pregnancy and the country with a relative early sexual engagement of adolescents. Every year new ...generations of adolescents are entering puberty, thus reproductive health care of adolescents should be our continuous priority. Methods: The most important challenges in reproductive health care of adolescents in Slovenia are early sexual engagement of adolescents, low double method use at sexual intercourse and inadequate detection of sexually transmitted infections. Possible responses should be found on a micro-level of physician (recognition of a new role of physician, promotion of ABC ap- proach) and on a macro-level of society (development of national strategy of reproductive health care, introduction of systematic sexuality education in the schools). Conclusions: Challenges in reproductive health care of adolescents are several and possible responses are integral. A response on challenges demand that every physician recognizes his/her new role and develops his/her competency. Responses on challenges will be feasible with inter- connection of physicians with other physicians and professionals and with collaboration of profession and politics.
(Ne)mogućnosti emancipacije Krznar, Tomislav
Nova prisutnost,
03/2021, Volume:
XIX, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
U ovom radu nastojimo dati temelj za proučavanje misli hrvatskog filozofa Milana Polića (1946.-2015.). Sadržaj rada treba promatrati iz dva kuta, strukturalnog i idejnog. Glede prvog, u radu se ...nastoji biografski, faktografski i sadržajno oslikati prvo razdoblje u misaonom djelovanju Milana Polića, riječ je o razdoblju od početka rada u obrazovanju 1974. (srednje usmjereno obrazovanje) do zapošljavanja na akademskoj ustanovi. Idejno gledano, ovo je razdoblje bitno obilježeno suradnjom, putem objavljivanja radova i putem rada u uredništvu, s časopisom Žena. To je utjecalo i na izbor tema pa se Polić u tom dijelu svojeg života značajno bavi problemima društvenog statusa žene i uloge žene u odgoju. U radu donosimo pregled i analizu tekstova (ukupno osamnaest) iz tog razdoblja ističući i dovodeći u značenjsku mrežu temeljne strukture mišljenja. Nadalje, donosimo i temeljne bio-bibliografske podatke o Polićevu životu, kao i temeljne podatke o časopisu Žena. U konačnici, nastojimo proniknuti u pozadinu središnjeg pitanja rada, a to je: Koji je konkretan Polićev doprinos u promišljanju problema uloge žene u odgoju, posebno s gledišta filozofije odgoja kao discipline? U radu na više mjesta, izravno i neizravno, donosimo odgovor na ovo pitanje i to prikaz aktualnih tema u kontekstu filozofijskog promišljanja, angažman za konkretnu društvenu zbilju i nastojanje oko jasnoće i primjerenosti misaonih izričaja.
In this paper, we try to provide a basis for a structured study of the philosophy of the Croatian philosopher Milan Polić (1946-2015). This paper should be viewed from two angles, structural and conceptual. Regarding the first, the paper tries to biographically, factually and conceptually describe the first period in the work of Milan Polić, that is in the period from the beginning of work in education in 1974 (high school education) to the employment at an academic institution. Conceptually, this period was significantly marked by cooperation, through the publication of papers and through editorial work, with the journal »Žena« Women. This also influenced the choice of topics, so in that part of his life Polić significantly dealt with the problems of the social status of women and the role of women in education. In this paper, we present analysis of texts (eighteen in total) from that period, emphasizing the basic structure of his thinking. Furthermore, we bring basic bio-bibliographic data on Polić’s life, as well as basic data on the journal »Žena«. Ultimately, we try to break through into the background of the central question of this paper, and that is, what is Polić’s concrete contribution to the reflection on the problem of the role of women in education, especially from the point of view of the philosophy of education as a discipline? In working in a number of places, directly and indirectly, we bring an affirmative answer to this question, namely as the presentation of current social topics in the context of philosophical thinking, engagement for particular social reality and the effort for clarity of expressions of thinking.
Članak se bavi područjem kršćanskog braka/ženidbe u biblijsko -teološko –antropološkim promišljanjima Ivana Pavla II. Prvi dio članka tematizira elohistički izvještaj stvaranja u kojem se obrađuje ...tema iskonskog zajedništva muškarca i žene od »početka« koja se očituje u »jedinstvu u dvojnosti« (Post 1,27 -28). U drugom dijelu članka naglasak je na jahvističkom izvještaju stvaranja, koji progovara o iskonskom iskustvu čovjekove samoće i iskonskom ženidbenom iskustvu nakon stvaranja žene, koje očituje »dvojnost u jedinstvu« (Post 2,18 -25). Oba izvještaja pokazuju čovjeka kao relacijsko biće pri čemu se spolnost prikazuje kao važna odrednica relacijske sposobnosti, čiji se konačan cilj očituje u ženidbenom jedinstvu i sjedinjenju muškarca i žene. U trećem i četvrtom dijelu utemeljenom na Post 3 prikazuje se ranjivost čovjekove relacijske sposobnosti narušene grijehom i njegovim negativnim posljedicama na ženidbeno jedinstvo muškarca i žene. Umjesto sebedarja i nesebične ljubavi u ženidbenom jedinstvu muškarca i žene poslije grijeha nastupa požuda i gospodarenje. U petom i zaključnom dijelu promatra se kršćansku ženidbu u kristološko -ekleziološkom ključu sakramentalnosti braka preko čijeg se učinka otvara nova mogućnost stvaranja i obnove iskonskog sklada zajedništva muškarca i žene. Zahvaljujući tom sakramentalnom učinku ženidbeno zajedništvo muškarca i žene ostaje trajni imperativ kršćanske antropologije.
Cilj: Ispitati procjenu znanja o komunikaciji, emocijama i spolnom zdravlju učenika osmih razreda. Ustvrditi najčešće probleme. Učiniti usporedbu po spolu. Ispitanici i Metode: Ispitanici su 174 ...učenika (Ž = 97 (56 %)), što predstavlja 81 % od ukupne populacije učenika osmih razreda jedne osnovne škole u PGŽ-u (N = 214) kroz tri generacije. Prije početka i po završetku radionica provedena je anonimna anketa. Prva anketa procjenjivala je početno znanje učenika o temama kojima će se radionica baviti. Druga anketa ocjenjivala je korisnost radionica i služila analizi procesa. Rezultati: Prosječna dob iznosila je 14 (13 do 15) godina. Učenici o svojim problemima vrlo često razgovaraju s majkom (45 %), prijateljima (41 %), ocem (19 %) i braćom/sestrama (16,9 %). Većina učenika ne razgovara sa školskim liječnikom (85,8 %), obiteljskim liječnikom (79,2 %), stručnim službama škole (69,1 %) i razrednicima/profesorima (50 %). Učenici vrlo često razgovaraju o školi (45,8 %), prijateljima (31,7 %) i zdravlju (25,8 %). Najmanje razgovaraju o simpatijama (36,5 %), spolnosti (29,1 %) i emocijama (17,8 %). Učenici najčešće smatraju da o seksu posjeduju vrlo dobra (24,7 %) i izvrsna (35,3 %) znanja, kao i o komunikaciji, vrlo dobra (42,2 %) i izvrsna (25,8 %). Dobrim procjenjuju svoje znanje o zdravlju (37 %) i SPB-u (32,2 %). Dječaci smatraju da više znaju o seksu od djevojčica (20,6 % vs. 14,7 %, P = 0,004). Djevojčice smatraju da znaju više o emocijama (15,3 % vs. 3,7 %, P = 0,003). Radionice su ocijenjene kao korisne (92,5 %). Zaključci: Prema iskustvima radionica sadržaje bi trebalo obrađivati kroz zasebnu aktivnost, izvan postojećih predmeta, kontinuirano tijekom cijele godine, koristeći se evokacija/razumijevanje/refleksija okvirom za poučavanje, a kratkoročne ciljeve definirati prema karakteristikama pojedine grupe i rezultatima ankete. Reproduktivno zdravlje djece i mladih kompleksno je područje koje zahtijeva interdisciplinarni pristup.
Persons with ID most often have incomplete, contradictory and imprecise knowledge of sexuality and sexual intercourse itself. They are not provided with sufficient information on their own body and ...sexuality, and are often discouraged from and sanctioned for trying to sexually express themselves. Sexual abuse due to low sexual assertiveness is also common.
The principal aim of this study was to establish the presence or absence of sexual activity in adults with ID residing in institutional housing, as well as the level and structure of their knowledge of sexuality, their sexual assertiveness and preparedness to react in a sexually dangerous situation.
The sample consisted of 100 participants with ID residing in institutional housing. The instruments used included the General Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire, What-if test and Hulbert index of sexual assertiveness. Comparative statistics included coefficient of linear correlation and multiple regression analysis.
The results showed that 82% of the participants are sexually active. Most participants admitted to sometimes having sexual intercourse against their wishes as well as to having difficulty asserting themselves. Their knowledge of pregnancy, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases was very low. Female participants and those that reported having sexual intercourse had more sexual knowledge and were also more sexually assertive.
Knowledge of sexuality and sexual assertiveness of persons with ID residing in institutional housing is very low. Additional information on sexuality is necessary, as well as support in learning to express their own desires and to deal with unwanted sexual activity.
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