Quantile Regression Koenker, Roger
05/2005, Volume:
v.Series Number 38
eBook
Quantile regression is gradually emerging as a unified statistical methodology for estimating models of conditional quantile functions. By complementing the exclusive focus of classical least squares ...regression on the conditional mean, quantile regression offers a systematic strategy for examining how covariates influence the location, scale and shape of the entire response distribution. This monograph is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject, encompassing models that are linear and nonlinear, parametric and nonparametric. The author has devoted more than 25 years of research to this topic. The methods in the analysis are illustrated with a variety of applications from economics, biology, ecology and finance. The treatment will find its core audiences in econometrics, statistics, and applied mathematics in addition to the disciplines cited above.
There has been a dramatic growth in the development and application of Bayesian inferential methods. This book introduces Bayesian modeling by the use of computation using the R language. The new ...edition contains changes in the R code illustrations.
Full text
Available for:
FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Spatial heterogeneity shows the characteristic location from one location to others location and it is the main assumption in Geographically Weighted Regression. The location becomes a weight on GWR ...model, There are two groups of location weight namely based on distance and area. The weight considers the closeness between the location. The accuracy weighted is needed because the weighting represents the data location. The aim of this research was to get a suitable weighting method for stunting data. This research used secondary data about stunting and the influence factors of stunting such as coverage visiting of pregnant women (K1), consumption of FE tablet, exclusive of breastfeeding, immunization coverage, and clean health behaviour. Those data obtained from the Healthy Ministry of East Jawa.Based on the results of this research show that the goodness weighting for GWR modell is Adaptive Bisquare Kernel (distance weighting). The predicted mapping stunting is showed by interpolation Kriging with a range of 27% to 49,5%.
Publishing is a significant part of the cultural, creative, and economic sectors. Its research, assessment, and forecasting require grounded, reliable, accurate, consistent, and comparable ...statistical data. Considering the lack of research in periodicals statistics and the relevance of publishing statistics, as well as the fact that in the Baltic countries, publishing statistics data are collected by institutions at the same level, the problem arises whether the national libraries’ applied foundational recommendations and legal documents, as well as data collection methodology, can ensure data validity, reliability, comprehensiveness, and comparability. This article aims to examine and compare the data collection practices of periodical statistics in the Baltic States. The research object includes the legal foundation of publishing statistics in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as the 2022 publishing statistics resources and official statistics data collections. UNESCO recommendations and International Organization for Standardization standards can be considered guidelines for such data collection and accounting. The legal foundation of publishing statistics consists of legal deposit laws, which must ensure the sources of statistical data. Even though publishing statistics data are collected by national libraries and the source of statistical data in all countries is legal deposits, the statistical data collections are not identical. Countries choose which data to collect, what criteria to apply, and in what form to present them. It is important to emphasize that data on the publishing industry are not presented in statistical collections, although their collection guidelines and presentation importance are highlighted in international recommendations and normative documents. Statistical data on electronic periodicals are provided only by Estonia. National libraries in the Baltic States are official statistics compilers, so summarized publishing statistics data are provided to national statistics institutions, opening new technological possibilities for data analysis and integration of new data. The collections of statistical data on newspapers and magazines can only be compared according to a few main criteria, as countries have chosen different statistical data presentation features, the main ones being the varying categorization and periodicity characteristics of newspapers and magazines.
Leidyba yra svarbi ir reikšminga kultūros, kūrybos ir ekonomikos sektoriaus dalis. Jos tyrimui, vertinimui ir prognozavimui reikalingi pagrįsti, patikimi, tikslūs, nuoseklūs, palyginami statistiniai duomenys. Atsižvelgiant į periodinių leidinių statistikos tyrimų stoką ir leidybos statistikos aktualumą bei tai, kad Baltijos šalyse leidybos statistikos duomenis renka to paties lygmens institucijos, keliama problema, ar nacionalinės bibliotekos taikomas rekomendacinių ir teisinių dokumentų pamatas bei duomenų rinkimo metodologija gali užtikrinti duomenų pagrįstumą, patikimumą, išsamumą ir palyginamumą. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išnagrinėti ir palyginti Baltijos šalių periodinių leidinių statistikos duomenų rinkimo praktikas. Tyrimo objektu pasirinkti Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos leidybos statistikos teisinis pamatas bei 2022 m. leidybos statistikos ištekliai ir oficialiosios statistikos duomenų rinkiniai. Tokių duomenų rinkimo ir apskaitos gairėmis galima laikyti UNESCO rekomendacijas bei Tarptautinės standartizacijos organizacijos standartus. Teisinis leidybos statistikos pamatas – privalomojo egzemplioriaus teisės aktai, kurie turi užtikrinti statistikos duomenų šaltinius. Nepaisant to, kad leidybos statistikos duomenis renka nacionalinės bibliotekos ir visose šalyse statistikos duomenų šaltiniu yra privalomieji egzemplioriai, vis dėlto statistikos duomenų rinkiniai nėra tapatūs, šalys pasirenka, kokius duomenis rinkti, pagal kokius kriterijus ir kokia forma juos pateikti. Svarbu pabrėžti, kad leidybos industrijos duomenys statistikos rinkiniuose nepateikiami, nors jų rinkimo gairės ir pateikimo svarba akcentuojama tarptautiniuose rekomendaciniuose ir norminiuose dokumentuose. Statistinius duomenis apie e. periodinius leidinius pateikia tik Estija. Baltijos šalių nacionalinės bibliotekos yra oficialiosios statistikos rengėjos, todėl šalių statistikos institucijoms yra teikiami apibendrinti periodinių leidinių leidybos statistikos duomenys, tai atveria naujas technologines duomenų analizės ir naujų duomenų integravimo galimybes. Laikraščių ir žurnalų statistinių duomenų rinkiniai gali būti palyginami tik pagal kelis pagrindinius kriterijus, nes šalys yra pasirinkusios skirtingus statistinių duomenų pateikimo požymius, kurių pagrindiniai – įvairuojantis laikraščių ir žurnalų priskyrimas kategorijoms ir periodiškumo ypatumai.
full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English
Publishing industry statistics serves as a significant indicator of the nation’s intellectual, cultural and economic achievements and is ...used not only for research but also for representative purposes. Today’s changes within the publishing industry transform the way statistics data are collected, categorized and displayed as well as the criteria for their reliability. Statistics data of the publishing industry are collected by various institutions, publishers‘ associations or national libraries. In Lithuania, the principal institution for the national bibliography and publishing industry statistics is the National Library.The analysis of the present-day situation with collecting and processing publishing industry statistics shows that since the 30ies of the 20th century, there has been tight relation between the institution which collects and publishes publishing industry statistics and institutions for the official statistics. Book publishing data were published in the official publication Lietuvos statistikos metraštis (“The Chronicle of Lithuanian Statistics”), the first volume of which appeared in Kaunas in 1927. It must be noted that statistics industry data were published under the heading “Statistics of Intellectual Life”.The publishing industry statistics draws on legal deposit copies delivered to the National Library following the procedure set by the Government. The legal deposit system is regulated by the present version of the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania “On the Number of Legal Deposit Documents and Their Delivery to Libraries”, obliging producers of public information to deliver a legal deposit copy to the National Library. From the point of view of a library, a producer of public information is a publisher; therefore, “Lithuanian Publishing Industry Statistics” prepared and published by the National Library shows the number of publishers operating in Lithuania (all producers of public information who delivered legal deposit copies to the National Library are considered publishers).When comparing the official statistics with indicators from the publishing industry statistics collected by the National Library, we observe that the data presented by the National Library show a fewer number of publishers (approximately by 10%). It must be noted that according to the National Library, the category of publishers includes all business companies and ancillary publishers, i.e. persons or organizations for which publishing is a subsidiary activity, e.g. academies,universities, research, political, religious, sports and other organizations as well as economic and commercial institutions which delivered legal deposit copies to the National Library.Absence of a universally comprehended and calculated statistical indicator for publishing industry and precise data of the print run leads to bias in derivative and summarized data. We must consider tendencies in modern publishing technologies, which might render it difficult or impossible to indicate print run, e.g. printing on demand, when books or brochures are printed by computer on somebody’s demand or when publishing items are produced by using other modern means and there is no limited or finite number of print run. In such cases we ought to find ways how to calculate statistical data for publications produced by modern technological means and how to publish them. We must broaden our understanding of publishing industry statistics by shifting it towards publishers’ statistics and covering all the data as required by the standard LST ISO 9707:2011 Information and documentation – Statistics on the production and distribution of books, newspapers, periodicals and electronic publications (identical to ISO 9707:2008). The standard presents recommendations on collecting statistical data about published books, newspapers, periodicalsand electronic publications and focuses on the collection and analysis of publishing industry data. A systematic approach to collecting such statistical data would allow to objectively analyze Lithuania’s publishing market, foresee upcoming trends and plan the publishing processes.The National Library, as a 21st century institution, is not only a contributor of statistical data but also producer of statistical reports; therefore, it should meet the requirements which pertain to a national statistical institution. Official statistics is subjected to legal regulation of the European Union. An objective has been set to build a European statistics system in order to present comparable statistical data on the European level; therefore, trustful and comparable statistical data are needed for planning and implementing such a system. The National Library, as a producer of official statistics, should persistently improve the quality of the statistical information that it prepares and processes in? preparing statistical data as well as take effort to make statistics client-oriented, precise, trustful, prompt, compatible, comparable, available and transparent.Numerous contemporary economic, as well as legal and technological, changes are no exception within the multifaceted sphere of the publishing industry. In order to achieve precise statistics of the national book industry and overall publishing industry, there must be close collaboration and mutual trust in delivering legal deposit copies as well as effort should be taken to find new ways to collect and distribute statistical data. Once publicly presented, statistical figures ofthe publishing trade become visible and universally accessible from the National Bibliography Data Bank and publications of the national bibliography and publishing statistics.
straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba
Straipsnyje aptariama Lietuvos spaudos statistikos duomenų rinkimo ir apdorojimo dabartinė situacija ir galimos perspektyvos, atsižvelgiant į besikeičiančias leidybos formas ir privalomojo egzemplioriaus pateikimą Nacionalinei bibliotekai bei statistikos duomenų sklaidą. Šiuolaikiniai leidybos pokyčiai iš esmės keičia leidybos statistikos duomenų surinkimą, grupavimą, jų pateikimą ir patikimumą. Leidybos sektoriaus statistika yra oficialiosios statistikos dėmuo, todėl kreipiamas dėmesys į jos pateikimo ypatumus ir keliamus reikalavimus statistiniam tyrimui.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan siswa kelas IX SMP di Bandung Barat dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi statistika.Jenis penelitian inimerupakan penelitian ...deskriptif, dengan menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi statistika yang berpedoman pada indikator kesalahan menurut Kastolan.Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan tes tertulis dalam bentuk soal uraian yang berjumlah tujuh soal dan angket kuisioner kemudian dianalisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulan bahwa analisis kesalahan yang di hadapi oleh siswa SMP pada materi statistika, berupa persentase data diperoleh Kesalahan Konseptual 37,1% dan Kesalahan Prosedural 35,9%. Adapun hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) siswa mengalami kesalahan konseptual, berupa kesalahan menentukan dan penggunaan rumus yang tidak sesuai serta tidak menuliskan rumus untuk menjawabsuatu masalah. (2) siswa mengalami hambatan dalam menyelesaikan soal karena lupa dengan formula atau rumus yang akan digunakan. Kata kunci:analisis kesalahan, statistika. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the errors in solving statistics problems of 9th grade students of junior high school. This is a descriptive research by analysing and describing the errorindicators in solving statistics problems according to Kastolan. The study was conducted by giving a questionnaire and written test in the form of a description containing seven questions.The study concludes that junior high school students’errors on statisticsproblems in the from of percentage error of the data obtained Conceptual Errors by 37.1% and Procedural Errors 35.9%. The results show that: (1) students have conceptual errors, such as errors defining and using formulas, (2) students get difficulties in solving problems because they forget the formula.
Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa untuk dapat memecahkan masalah sederhana dan kompleks di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Kemampuan berpikir ...kritis matematis siswa masih tergolong rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa MA kelas 12 dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi statistika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan subjek siswa kelas XII sebanyak 3 orang siswa yang dikelompokan ke kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah MA Nihayatul Purwasari pada tanggal 2 November 2021. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan dengan cara purpossive sampling. Pengambilan data diperoleh dengan metode tes menggunakan instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Kemudian, data tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitiannya adalah (1) kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa berkategori tinggi sudah dapat melakukan semua tahapan pada indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis, kecuali tahap evaluasi; (2) kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa berkategori sedang sudah dapat melakukan hampir semua tahapan pada indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis; (3) kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa berkategori rendah hanya dapat melakukan tahap klarifikasi pada indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis.
Pembelajaran statistika di kelas belum memanfaatkan teknologi yang relevan dan efektif untuk melakukan berbagai macam komputasi statistik. Selain itu pembelajaran masih mengedepankan metode ceramah ...dan penugasan berupa latihan soal di akhir pembelajaran, sehingga hal ini berdampak pada hasil belajar statistika. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode peer teaching berbantuan software statistika dengan mengontrol kemampuan numerik pada mahasiswa INSTIKI. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan single factor independent groups design with use of covariate dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen tes kemampuan numerik dan tes hasil belajar. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis deskriptif, uji prasyarat, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar melalui penerapan metode peer teaching berbantuan software statistika setelah mengontrol kemampuan numerik. Dari hasil uji Anakova diketahui kemampuan numerik memberikan kontribusi sebesar 67,7% terhadap hasil belajar statistika.
Arah penelitian ini untuk memaparkan kefektifan penggunaan model Cycle-5e berbantuan modul Statistika dalam menaikkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XII SMAN 4 Yogyakarta Tahun 2019. Penelitian ...tindakan dilaksanakan dilaksanakan dalam 4 langkah yaitu: menyusun suatu rencana untuk suatu pengembangan, melaksanakan yang telah direncanakan, mengamati efek tindakan, dan merefleksikan hal-hal yang telah diperoleh. Setiap 4 langkah ini disebut satu putaran (siklus). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam satu siklus belum sesuai dengan yang ditargetkan, diulangi lagi dalam siklus berikutnya, dan seterusnya, sampai siklus tiga. Setelah diterapkan penggunaan Model Cycle-5e berbantu modul Statistika penelitian ini terbukti efektif: 1) Meningkatkan prestasi belajar Matematika siswa kelas XII SMAN 4 Yogyakarta. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa setiap siklus dari 13 siswa pada siklus I menjadi 27 siswa pada siklus II, 29 siswa pada siklus III. Ada peningkatan presentase ketuntasan setiap siklus, dari 40,63 pada siklus I naik menjadi 84,38% pada siklus II, dan 100% pada siklus III. Prestasi belajar minimal sejumlah 80 siswa mencapai lebih dari Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal 75. 2)Penggunaan Model Cycle-5E berbantu modul Statistika baik karena adanya tanggapan positif dari siswa. Ini dapat terlihat dari hasil wawancara terhadap sejumlah siswa dan observasi pembelajaran Model Cycle-5e berbantu modul Statistika yang menunjukkan sebagian besar siswa memberikan tanggapan positif dan beberapa siswa memberikan tanggapan negatif.
This study aims to determine the effect of using Excel and SPSS on student learning outcomes in advanced statistics courses. This type of research is quantitative research with experimental research ...designs. The action taken is an effort to develop learning technology, namely the constructivism learning approach that is packaged in statistical learning through the use of Excel and SPSS. Based on the analysis of learning outcomes data from statistical learning without the help of programs, with the help of Excel and SPSS programs, there is no significant effect of using Excel and SPSS programs on student learning outcomes. There are several things that cause the use of Excel and SPSS programs do not affect student learning outcomes, namely (1) Inadequate infrastructure, (2) students 'basic statistical skills are still low and (3) students' interest in learning statistics is still low.
PDF
