Trouble in Paradise Gooding, Alexandra
KULA (London),
07/2022, Volume:
6, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article examines how the Circum-Caribbean region’s cultural and geographic complexities make it difficult to describe or index relevant archival materials using the mainstream authority controls ...used in galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAMs). This difficulty stems from the fact that authority controls utilised by GLAMs are primarily created by North American or European authorities and, therefore, have Western-centric views imbued with colonialist overtones. When these systems are used to catalogue, index, or describe Circum-Caribbean-related collection materials, a tension arises: a system with a white, Euro-American perspective is applied to material reflective of a significantly multicultural place, culture, subject, and population. The rigidity of controlled vocabularies and their applications—which typically follow specific indexing methodologies—cannot accommodate the fluidity necessary to accurately denote the complex Circum-Caribbean region, especially with regard to geographic indexing. This article demonstrates the difficulties that emerge from trying to delimit and define the Caribbean region; provides an abbreviated analysis of the Circum-Caribbean’s representation in the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names® (TGN), which mirrors the difficulties of defining and delimiting the region; and presents a case study in which the West Indian Postcard Collection at Cambridge University Library was indexed using augmented applications of the TGN. The research presented in this paper supports the theory that employing both general and specific indexing strategies creates enhanced access to Caribbean-related collection materials by enabling regional, sub-regional, and territorial/national avenues to retrieve collection materials.
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) provides a data model and vocabulary for expressing Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) such as thesauri and classification schemes in Semantic Web ...applications. This paper presents the main components of SKOS and their formal expression in Web Ontology Language (OWL), providing an extensive account of the design decisions taken by the Semantic Web Deployment (SWD) Working Group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which between 2006 and 2009 brought SKOS to the status of W3C Recommendation. The paper explains key design principles such as “minimal ontological commitment” and systematically cites the requirements and issues that influenced the design of SKOS components.
By reconstructing the discussion around alternative features and design options and presenting the rationale for design decisions, the paper aims at providing insight into how SKOS turned out as it did, and why. Assuming that SKOS, like any other successful technology, may eventually be subject to revision and improvement, the critical account offered here may help future editors approach such a task with deeper understanding.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Las monedas antiguas de la Península Ibérica utilizaron glifos pertenecientes a los signarios griego, púnico, paleohispánico septentrional y meridional, sudoccidental y latín, junto a símbolos y ...contramarcas singulares. Para el proyecto digital monedaiberica.org (MIB) era necesario gestionar y visualizar dichos grafemas en el sistema de gestión e investigación Numisdata / Dédalo, así como resolver su publicación web. El estándar internacional Unicode no está concebido para incorporar signos poco comunes o de valor incierto, limitaciones que impiden utilizarlo con exclusividad para proporcionar una descripción precisa de los epígrafes monetales. La solución adoptada ha consistido en incorporar los grafemas en formato SVG en tesauros de Numisdata / Dédalo, que permiten organizarlos libremente y asociarles información. Además el sistema se ha configurado para que el campo donde se almacenan las leyendas pueda combinar los caracteres normalizados Unicode y los gráficos SVG de los nuevos tesauros.
The article focuses on the problem of defining paradigmatic relations between definitions of certain fields in mathematical physics. The ultimate goal is to outline the hierarchical relations between ...the terms that can be used when searching on the mathematical resources along with additional classification parameters set in secondary documents. A thesaurus entry is selected as an information model. The thesaurus was formed by analyzing the original works of classics of mathematical analysis and differential calculus, and a representative list of articles was organized for that purpose. Following the example of thesaurus on the ‘problem of mixed type equations’ domain, a way of employing formulas in a mathematical article search is proposed. The paper covers a work script of a user, who is familiar with the subject domain and deals with papers done with the help of TeX-notation. A natural document indexing mechanism is set by key words in cited secondary documents. Such an approach helps to specify the search query with mathematical notation regardless the source language. The semantic links effect is based on usage of terms from the mathematical subject domain thesaurus stored with formulas that serve as a background for a mathematical search. It results in lower level of information noise and reduced search time.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Learning vocabulary in a primary or secondary language is enhanced when we encounter words in context. This context can be afforded by the place or activity we are engaged with. Existing learning ...environments include formal learning, mnemonics, flashcards, use of a dictionary or thesaurus, all leading to practice with new words in context. In this work, we propose an enhancement to the language learning process by providing the user with words and learning tools in context, with VocabulARy. VocabulARy visually annotates objects in AR, in the user's surroundings, with the corresponding English (first language) and Japanese (second language) words to enhance the language learning process. In addition to the written and audio description of each word, we also present the user with a keyword and its visualisation to enhance memory retention. We evaluate our prototype by comparing it to an alternate AR system that does not show an additional visualisation of the keyword, and, also, we compare it to two non-AR systems on a tablet, one with and one without visualising the keyword. Our results indicate that AR outperforms the tablet system regarding immediate recall, mental effort and task-completion time. Additionally, the visualisation approach scored significantly higher than showing only the written keyword with respect to immediate and delayed recall and learning efficiency, mental effort and task-completion time.
Scholars argue about whether age stereotypes (beliefs about old people) are becoming more negative or positive over time. No previous study has systematically tested the trend of age stereotypes over ...more than 20 years, due to lack of suitable data. Our aim was to fill this gap by investigating whether age stereotypes have changed over the last two centuries and, if so, what may be associated with this change. We hypothesized that age stereotypes have increased in negativity due, in part, to the increasing medicalization of aging. This study applied computational linguistics to the recently compiled Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), a database of 400 million words that includes a range of printed sources from 1810 to 2009. After generating a comprehensive list of synonyms for the term elderly for these years from two historical thesauri, we identified 100 collocates (words that co-occurred most frequently with these synonyms) for each of the 20 decades. Inclusion criteria for the collocates were: (1) appeared within four words of the elderly synonym, (2) referred to an old person, and (3) had a stronger association with the elderly synonym than other words appearing in the database for that decade. This yielded 13,100 collocates that were rated for negativity and medicalization. We found that age stereotypes have become more negative in a linear way over 200 years. In 1880, age stereotypes switched from being positive to being negative. In addition, support was found for two potential explanations. Medicalization of aging and the growing proportion of the population over the age of 65 were both significantly associated with the increase in negative age stereotypes. The upward trajectory of age-stereotype negativity makes a case for remedial action on a societal level.
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The importance of cultural heritage for supporting the knowledge economy has promoted its digitisation and online publication. Many cultural heritage repositories have published millions of digitised ...items using semantic web technologies and Linked Data approaches. These repositories frequently use knowledge organisation systems to classify the resources, but the domain heterogeneity makes it difficult to know if they are the most suitable ones. This paper describes the process used to discover and profile the knowledge organisation systems used in the cultural heritage domain. Additionally, for those knowledge organisation systems with a thesaurus-like structure, a detailed quality analysis is performed. The results of this analysis can be used as a key factor for the selection of knowledge organisation systems in classification tasks.
•Discovery and study of KOS in cultural heritage LD collections is difficult.•The use of cultural KOS is concentrated: 17% of the KOS aggregate 80% of the uses.•KOS definitions are important for reusability but not usually provided.•KOS consistency quality is less relevant than completeness and accuracy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An ontological approach to the construction of a thesaurus of the applied subject area of a scientific academic journal based on the content of the LibMeta semantic digital library and subject area ...sources is considered. A thesaurus and a knowledge graph of the subject area of scientific publications of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures
, devoted to the modeling of composite materials and structures, is being built. The approach is based on the use of the content of the semantic library LibMeta, classical primary sources on the theory of elasticity and metadata of the journal articles. As a result, a thesaurus and a knowledge graph of the subject area of the journal are built, and on their basis the user interface is modified and a variant of navigation through the links of articles is proposed. Examples of constructions are given.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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