Objetivou esta pesquisa testar o efeito da poda de topo no rebaixamento da copa e poda da saia, na recuperação da tangerineira 'Ponkan' com 12 anos de idade, altura de 4 metros, espaçadas de 6 x 4 m ...e enxertadas sobre limoeiro 'Cravo'. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Vito Crincoli localizada no município de Perdões, MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo poda do topo (sem poda, poda a 3,0; 2,5 e 2,0m) e poda da saia (sem e com a poda) com quatro repetições. A parcela útil foi constituída de três plantas. As podas drásticas de topo prejudicaram a primeira produção, contudo a partir do segundo ano após a poda, as plantas apresentaram boa recuperação. Esse comportamento foi confirmado na terceira colheita, quando os diferentes tipos de podas do topo não se diferenciaram na produtividade, sendo que o tratamento com poda da saia foi superior ao sem poda.
Numerous roasting vessels fragments can be found at ancient roasting site areas in the surroundings of Idrija town, which were used for ore roasting in the first 150 years of Hg production in Idrija. ...The earthen vessels fragments lay just below the surface humus layer and in some parts they stretch more than 1 meter deep; they arecovered with red (cinnabar) or black (metacinnabar) coatings.SEM/EDS analysis of roasting vessels fragments and soil samples from roasting site areas P{enk and Frbejžene trate was performed in order to characterize the solid forms of Hg in applied sampling material. Mercuric sulphide HgS was found to be the main mercury compound present in the samples. Analysis of earthen vessels fragmentsshowed abundant HgS coatings on the surface of ceramics, forming either crust-like aggregates on matrix or isolated grains. Some well-shaped grains with indicated structure and the size of up to 200 μm could also be observed. In soil HgS was present as powder-like concentrations scattered in soil samples, frequently coating silicate and quartz crystals and clay-minerals. Polycristalline, mercury- and sulphur- rich particles comprising silica, clay mineralsand Al-, Fe- and Mg-oxides that were also observed in the samples were interpreted as soil aggregates infiltrated by mercuric and sulphur vapours and by liquid mercury spilled during roasting. These particles suggest a possible presence of mercury-sulphur associations other than HgS.
Objetivou esta pesquisa testar o efeito da poda de topo no rebaixamento da copa e poda da saia, na recuperação da tangerineira 'Ponkan' com 12 anos de idade, altura de 4 metros, espaçadas de 6 x 4 m ...e enxertadas sobre limoeiro 'Cravo'. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Vito Crincoli localizada no município de Perdões, MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo poda do topo (sem poda, poda a 3,0; 2,5 e 2,0m) e poda da saia (sem e com a poda) com quatro repetições. A parcela útil foi constituída de três plantas. As podas drásticas de topo prejudicaram a primeira produção, contudo a partir do segundo ano após a poda, as plantas apresentaram boa recuperação. Esse comportamento foi confirmado na terceira colheita, quando os diferentes tipos de podas do topo não se diferenciaram na produtividade, sendo que o tratamento com poda da saia foi superior ao sem poda.This research aimed to test top pruning effect on the lowering of plant canopy, pruning the lower canopy on the recover of 12 years old 'Ponkan' tangerine tree, 4 meters height, 6 x 4 spaced and grafted on 'Cravo' lemon rootstock. This experiment was carried out at Vito Crincoli's Farm in Perdões, MG. It was carried out under randomized plots in a factorial scheme of 4x2, top pruning (without pruning, pruning at 3.0; 2.5 and 2.0 m) and skirt pruning (with and without pruning) with 4 replications. Plot size was composed by three plants. Heavy pruning of the top canopy lowered the first tree yield, however, and in the begining of the second year, the plants showed a very good recover. The same behavior was seem for the third harvest when several kinds of top pruning did not differ in the yield. Skirt pruning treatment was superior to that without any pruning.
Food and agricultural standards have recently risen to the top of both national and international agendas. Popular concerns about the power of the World Trade Organization focus on the intertwined ...relationships between environmental protection, labor and human rights, and the standards used to produce and supply our food and fiber globally. In the developing world, agricultural grades and standards are an important part of the reconfiguration of roles and responsibilities between various public and private actors in market reform. This original and informative collection of studies of agri-food standards in the modern economy addresses these and helps to define the scope of the emerging study of the politics of standards setting. Following an overview essay dealing with the multiple ways of thinking about, approaching and defining food and agricultural standards, eleven case studies offer a rich body of evidence that assesses the processes, dynamics and potential consequences of global agri-food standards. For all interested in the strategic use of food and agricultural standards - from those in national and international governmental agencies, researchers and others in the academic and private sector to those in the private business sector - this volume offers a broader perspective on and will serve as an important resource.
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FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A radioimmunoassay was developed for the measurement of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the whole blood of rats, beagle-dogs and humans. Even at low temperature, TRH is degraded so ...quickly in the whole blood that stabilization of TRH in the blood is necessary. For this purpose, the direct extraction with methanol and concentration before the radioimmunoassay was satisfactorily performed. The method is highly sensitive so that a lower quantifiable concentration of 20 pg/ml was detectable, and good reproducibility and standard errors of less than 10% from triplicate standard curves were obtained. At low concentration of TRH, the effect of food ingestion and volume of whole blood on the sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay was observed and thin layer chromatographic treatment improved it.
Resorbable synthetic scaffolds are promising for different indications, especially in the context of bone regeneration. However, they require additional biological components to enhance their ...osteogenic potential. In addition to different cell types, autologous blood-derived matrices offer many advantages to enhance the regenerative capacity of biomaterials. The present study aimed to analyze whether biologization of a PCL-mesh coated using differently centrifuged Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) matrices will have a positive influence on primary human osteoblasts activity in vitro. A polymeric resorbable scaffold (Osteomesh, Osteopore
(OP), Singapore) was combined with differently centrifuged PRF matrices to evaluate the additional influence of this biologization concept on bone regeneration in vitro. Peripheral blood of three healthy donors was used to gain PRF matrices centrifuged either at High (710×
, 8 min) or Low (44×
, 8 min) relative centrifugal force (RCF) according to the low speed centrifugation concept (LSCC). OP-PRF constructs were cultured with pOBs. POBs cultured on the uncoated OP served as a control. After three and seven days of cultivation, cell culture supernatants were collected to analyze the pOBs activity by determining the concentrations of VEGF, TGF-β1, PDGF, OPG, IL-8, and ALP- activity. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the Osteopontin expression of pOBs. After three days, the group of OP+PRF
+pOBs showed significantly higher expression of IL-8, TGF-ß1, PDGF, and VEGF compared to the group of OP+PRF
+pOBs and OP+pOBs. Similar results were observed on day 7. Moreover, OP+PRF
+pOBs exhibited significantly higher activity of ALP compared to OP+PRF
+pOBs and OP+pOBs. Immunofluorescence staining showed a higher number of pOBs adherent to OP+PRF
+pOBs compared to the groups OP+PRF
+pOBs and OP+pOBs. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the osteoblasts activity when cultured on a PRF-coated PCL-mesh in vitro. The presented results suggest that PRF
centrifuged according to LSCC exhibits autologous blood cells and growth factors, seem to have a significant effect on osteogenesis. Thereby, the combination of OP with PRF
showed promising results to support bone regeneration. Further in vivo studies are required to verify the results and carry out potential results for clinical translation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tank bio-oxidation is a biohydrometallurgical technology widely used for metal recovery from sulfide concentrates. Since carbon availability is one of the key factors affecting microbial communities, ...it may also determine the rate of sulfide concentrate bio-oxidation. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effect of carbon sources on the bio-oxidation of the concentrate containing 56% pyrite and 14% arsenopyrite at different temperatures (40 and 50 °C) in stirred tank reactors. CO
was supplied into the pulp of the first reactor (about 0.01 L/min) and 0.02% (
) molasses was added to the pulp of the second one, and no additional carbon sources were used in the control tests. At 40 °C, 77% of pyrite and 98% of arsenopyrite were oxidized in the first reactor, in the second one, 73% of pyrite and 98% of arsenopyrite were oxidized, while in the control reactor, 27% pyrite and 93% arsenopyrite were oxidized. At 50 °C, in the first reactor, 94% of pyrite and 99% of arsenopyrite were oxidized, in the second one, 21% of pyrite and 94% of arsenopyrite were oxidized, while in the control reactor, 10% pyrite and 92% arsenopyrite were oxidized. The analysis of the microbial populations in the reactors revealed differences in the total number of microorganisms and their species composition. Thus, it was shown that the use of various carbon sources made it possible to increase the intensity of the concentrate bio-oxidation, since it affected microbial populations performing the process.
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