As a religious and cultural minority in Turkey, the Alevis have suffered a long history of persecution and discrimination. In the late 1980s they started a movement for the recognition of Alevi ...identity in both Germany and Turkey. Today, they constitute a significant segment of Germany’s Turkish immigrant population. In a departure from the current debate on identity and diaspora, Sökefeld offers a rich account of the emergence and institutionalization of the Alevi movement in Germany, giving particular attention to its politics of recognition within Germany and in a transnational context. The book deftly combines empirical findings with innovative theoretical arguments and addresses current questions of migration, diaspora, transnationalism, and identity.
This volume investigates educational inequalities among children of Turkish immigrants in Austria, France, and Sweden. One of the largest immigrant groups in these countries, Turks nonetheless face ...discrimination and limited opportunities, and this study shows how those problems play out in education. One of its key findings is that systems that provide more favorable institutional arrangements lead to greater economic mobility in the second generation.
Crowd employment platforms enable firms to source labour and expertise by leveraging Internet technology. Rather than offshoring jobs to low‐cost geographies, functions once performed by internal ...employees can be outsourced to an undefined pool of digital labour using a virtual network. This enables firms to shift costs and offload risk as they access a flexible, scalable workforce that sits outside the traditional boundaries of labour laws and regulations. The micro‐tasks of ‘clickwork’ are tedious, repetitive and poorly paid, with remuneration often well below minimum wage. This article will present an analysis of one of the most popular crowdsourcing sites—Mechanical Turk—to illuminate how Amazon's platform enables an array of companies to access digital labour at low cost and without any of the associated social protection or moral obligation.
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Societies have experienced great changes in 20th and 21st centuries under the influence of industrialization and modernization movements. After a while, they had to add new elements to their culture ...and eliminate the unsuitable ones, give it a new form or they invented new traditions. Shors, who have lived in Kemerovo region of Southern Siberia for hundreds of years, have also taken their share from this great movement of change. Today there are very few people who continue their ancient traditions and speak Shor language. Changes are also seen in traditional practices and rituals that maintain their existence. Çıl Pajı and Şaçıg are one of the recorded and still continuing practices of Shors. Şaçıg and Çıl Pajı are traditional practices that have changes, transformed and institutionalized with the change of Shor culture and have become a touristic commodity from time to time. At the beginning of 20th century, an organization called Payram began to be organized. The data used in this study were obtained as a result of interviews with Shor Turks. In addition to this, Russian sources written by the Shor intellectuels were used in order to disseminate and promote the Shor culture. In the study, the practices of Şaçıg and Çıl Pajı are mentioned, in addition to these, the organization of Payram is discussed in the context of the invention of tradition. While making the evaluations, the characteristics of these three practices were mentioned and examined within the scope of change, transformation, restructuring, interpretation and invention.
This article explores the activism of Arab Mexicans during the transition from the sultanate of Abdülhamid II, known as the Hamidian regime, and the beginning of the rule of the Committee of Union ...and Progress, known as the Young Turks government. The paper discusses the activism of intellectuals, social network leaders, and associations that created affinity ties with the Ottoman government and French authorities. These activities aspired to consolidate the diplomatic protection of Ottomans in Mexico. The compilation of primary sources shows the spread of Ottomanism and Francophilia within the first generation of Arab Mexicans. These discourses of affinity are relevant elements to understanding the activism in the Great War and at the dawn of the Mandate system in the Mashriq.
This book is the first military history of guerrilla war and counterinsurgency in Yemen during the Ottoman period in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Year of the locust Tamari, Salim; Turjman, Ihsan Salih
2011., 20110802, 2011, 2011-09-01
eBook
Year of the Locust captures in page-turning detail the end of the Ottoman world and a pivotal moment in Palestinian history. In the diaries of Ihsan Hasan al-Turjman (1893–1917), the first ordinary ...recruit to describe World War I from the Arab side, we follow the misadventures of an Ottoman soldier stationed in Jerusalem. There he occupied himself by dreaming about his future and using family connections to avoid being sent to the Suez. His diaries draw a unique picture of daily life in the besieged city, bringing into sharp focus its communitarian alleys and obliterated neighborhoods, the ongoing political debates, and, most vividly, the voices from its streets—soldiers, peddlers, prostitutes, and vagabonds. Salim Tamari's indispensable introduction places the diary in its local, regional, and imperial contexts while deftly revising conventional wisdom on the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.
The phenomenon of belief has been among the most fundamental social needs of people from the oldest ages to date and played an essential role in shaping the cultures of nations throughout history. In ...the formation of Turkish cultural map, various religions, beliefs and belief systems have been influential. For example, in the oldest times, animatism, totemism, and later Shamanism and Sky God religion, and finally Islam, have played essential role in the shaping of culture and laid the foundations of folk beliefs. It can be said that in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Northern Cyprus, which are determined as the study area of the research, especially animitism, totemism, Shamanism, Sky God religion and Islam served as the sources of folk beliefs. In this article, attempt was made to examine the folk beliefs of all three regions and determine them within this framework. In the determination of beliefs and customs, the literature was first searched, the data were collected by document analysis technique and mutual interviews were conducted with the source persons in verifying the data. During the interviews, it was questioned whether the beliefs found in the sources still maintain their validity and the results were stated in the study. The aim of this study is to compare the folk beliefs of Kazakh, Turkmen and Turkish Cypriots, to determine their similarities and differences and to interpret these beliefs. Based on this aim, it was determined that most of the folk beliefs and customs in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan still have a widespread effect on the community life whereas their application in the Turkish Cypriots is weakened and disappeared. As a result of the analysis, it has been seen that the beliefs are predominantly based on the old religions, belief systems and Islam, which the Turks have believed.
This article addresses the identity constructions of British Turks in the context of the inherent fragmentation of Turkish immigrant parents situated within the historically complex secular or ...conservative divisions of Turkish politics. British Turks raised in the UK maintain identities defined within the parameters of the either/or epistemology forced by their Turkish immigrant parents, who are either in harmony with Turkish moral values and Islamic lifestyles or adopting a modern secular approach to life embedded in secular principles of Kemalism. Accordingly, we see the manifestations of polarity between religious/conservative versus secular principles of Turkish immigrant parents who, in a strictly practical sense, interfere in British Turks' identity constructions. Illustrated through the empirical findings, a fault line appears in the impact of conservative/ secular ideologies of Turkish immigrant parents on their British-born children due to the latter's encounter with versions of Britishness and British ways of life. On both fronts, we see that British Turks understand the limits of the certainty of parental ideologies and values and therefore embrace more fragmented and pluralized selves as if the former were the necessary source of the latter.
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