This book is a social scientific study with a unique design called by authors origin-oriented, multi-site and multi-generational (p.17) that tries to reveal the intergenerational consequences of the ...migration of Turks who immigrated to nine different European countries. The core of the study provides the perspective that clearly demonstrates the consequences of migration by examining all three groups of people who have migrated to Europe and stayed at least five years, have migrated and returned, and also stayers who have never been migrated or have been to Europe less than five years.
Hurricanes are catastrophically destructive. Beyond their toll on human life and livelihoods, hurricanes have tremendous and often long-lasting effects on ecological systems
. Despite many examples ...of mass mortality events following hurricanes
, hurricane-induced natural selection has not previously been demonstrated. Immediately after we finished a survey of Anolis scriptus-a common, small-bodied lizard found throughout the Turks and Caicos archipelago-our study populations were battered by Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Shortly thereafter, we revisited the populations to determine whether morphological traits related to clinging capacity had shifted in the intervening six weeks and found that populations of surviving lizards differed in body size, relative limb length and toepad size from those present before the storm. Our serendipitous study, which to our knowledge is the first to use an immediately before and after comparison
to investigate selection caused by hurricanes, demonstrates that hurricanes can induce phenotypic change in a population and strongly implicates natural selection as the cause. In the decades ahead, as extreme climate events are predicted to become more intense and prevalent
, our understanding of evolutionary dynamics needs to incorporate the effects of these potentially severe selective episodes
.
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KISLJ, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Atatürk Hanioglu, M. Sükrü; Hanio Lu, M Ukru; Hanioğ Lu, M Ş Ukru
2017, 2011., 20170307, 2011, 2011-05-09, 2017-02-06, 20110101
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When Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the first president of Turkey in 1923, he set about transforming his country into a secular republic where nationalism sanctified by science--and by the personality ...cult Atatürk created around himself--would reign supreme as the new religion. This book provides the first in-depth look at the intellectual life of the Turkish Republic's founder. In doing so, it frames him within the historical context of the turbulent age in which he lived, and explores the uneasy transition from the late Ottoman imperial order to the modern Turkish state through his life and ideas.
Though Turks and Afghans are located far off geographically yet it may not be perceived as a marker of friction between the two nations. The Islamic history in the middle Ages reveal that Islam has ...spread in the Turkish and Afghan regions amongst the indigenous tribes heralded a marked cultural and linguistic influence in the cited regions. The Turks' contact with the Islamic world started in the era of four Caliphs and the Umayyad dynasty reaching out to the western regions of the "Bab" region adjacent to Turkish territory in 22 AH. This contact resulted in the spread of Islam amongst the Turks and their men took part as part of Muslim army leading to propagation of Islam. Moreover, In the Abbasid era, the number of Turks assuming leadership positions had increased in the Muslim state. This contact sustained in the Islamic world to the East in the Turkish areas after the Muslims crossed the JIHUN River (Amu Darya) in 31 AH under the leadership of QUTAYBA Ibn Muslim. Thus Islam spread among the Turk Tribes under the rule of the SAMANI Governors where they spearheaded the extension of Muslim influence to Tirmiz, Bukhara, Samarkand and other Central Asian countries due to the simplicity of Islam. As for the Afghans' contact with Islam in the West, it began in the era of four Caliphs and the Umayyads eversince Herat was conquered in the year 23 AH; Jawzjan, Balkh and Takhar in the year 32 AH by Al-Ahnaf bin Qais from northern Afghanistan; Zabul in the year 43 AH and Kabul in 44 AH by Abd al-Rahman bin Samra. However the eastern areas of Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, although Islam reached there in the first century, did not enter the Islamic rule. They remained either under the tribal control or were ruled by the Indian kings until the Ghaznavids took over through Prince Subuktagin in Ghazni in the last decade of the 4th century.There has remained direct contact between the Turks and Afghans after the displacement of the Turkish tribes to the Gazani state in the south of the Jihun River.The state sovereignty of the Turkish majority was due to their leadership positions and a large part of the military formation included the Turks and Afghans. Hence the two nations lived with a clear linguistic and cultural influence with hundreds of basic words in common as for instance the Turkish names for Afghan men and women and dozens of Turkish names for villages and cities. There are even common tribal traditions and customs between the two peoples. This research addresses the historically direct contact between the Turkish and Afghan tribes with cultural and social impact between the Turks and Afghans.
The main population in Kosovo and Metohija, during the medieval Serbian state, conssisted of Serbs. It will remain so after the occupation of these areas by the Turks. According to historical sources ...on the structure of the population in the Balkans at the beginning of the 16th centtury, it can be seen that the rural life in Kosovo is entirely Serbian. There were no Arbanas, not only Muslims but also Christians, in Kosovo at that time, and not until the 17th century. The Albanian colonization of Kosovo and Metohija, according to historical sources and anthropogeographica I reconstructions, began in the 16th century, but it was not characterized by a mass that would change the ethnographic picture ot these areas. Mass colonization occurred at the end of the 17th century, as a result of the difficult circumstances caused by the Austrian-Turkish war. From this time began not only the settlement of the Albanian population, but also the expulsion of the Serbian people from these areas. During the 18th century, even more so in the 19th century, the intention that this expulsion has a systemic and planned character is clearly recognized, in order to fully settle and appropriate these areas. Islamization was of the greatest help to them, because it made them Turkish wards and a tool used by the Turkish state against its Christian subjects. Islamization was a way for the Christian population to be assimilated not only into Muslims, but also to be Albanianized.
Turkish-origin people living in Germany have always been a subject of discussion, since there is a significant Turkish population that mostly immigrated in 1960’s with labor agreements. There are ...also other Muslim populations in Germany, such as African, Iranian, and Palestinian, however, Turkish Muslims living in Germany are the most populous migrant group in Germany and a popular target for anti-Muslim racism. This study focuses on German policies towards Islam and Muslims living in Germany. Before deeply analyzing the German Federal Government’s policy on Islam, there is a discussion about the kind of Islam that would be appreciated by Germany. Accordingly, an evaluation of the perception of Islam in Germany using the example Muslim Turks in Germany follows. Meanwhile, in the subsequent section, there is a discussion about the German Islam Conference and its outputs. The German Islam Conference is one of German politicians’ important projects for the integration of Muslims into Germany. In order to understand what Germany really wants to attain, either the empowerment or the assimilation of Muslims, the study focuses on discourse and aims to shed light on the current situation of the perception of Islam in Germany, as well as how Turks are affected by this discourse.
Gaining Freedoms reveals a new locus for global political change: everyday urban contestation. Cities are often assumed hotbeds of socio-economic division, but this assessment overlooks the ...importance of urban space and the everyday activities of urban life for empowerment, emancipation, and democratization. Through proximity, neighborhoods, streets, and squares can create unconventional power contestations over lifestyle and consumption. And through struggle, negotiation, and cooperation, competing claims across groups can become platforms to defend freedom and rights from government encroachments.Drawing on more than seven years of fieldwork in three contested urban sites—a downtown neighborhood and a university campus in Istanbul, and a Turkish neighborhood in Berlin—Berna Turam shows how democratic contestation echoes through urban space. Countering common assumptions that Turkey is strongly polarized between Islamists and secularists, she illustrates how contested urban space encourages creative politics, the kind of politics that advance rights, expression, and representation shared between pious and secular groups. Exceptional moments of protest, like the recent Gezi protests which bookend this study, offer clear external signs of upheaval and disruption, but it is the everyday contestation and interaction that forge alliances and inspire change. Ultimately, Turam argues that the process of democratization is not the reduction of conflict, but rather the capacity to form new alliances out of conflict.
Marriage is a central trope in popular portrayals of Germany's largest ethnic minority. In exploring Turkish-German matrimony in popular genres including autoethnography, chick lit, wedding film and ...ethno-sitcom, this book reveals the fascinating interactions of gender, sexuality and ethnicity in contemporary Germany.
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