Gaining Freedoms reveals a new locus for global political change: everyday urban contestation. Cities are often assumed hotbeds of socio-economic division, but this assessment overlooks the ...importance of urban space and the everyday activities of urban life for empowerment, emancipation, and democratization. Through proximity, neighborhoods, streets, and squares can create unconventional power contestations over lifestyle and consumption. And through struggle, negotiation, and cooperation, competing claims across groups can become platforms to defend freedom and rights from government encroachments.Drawing on more than seven years of fieldwork in three contested urban sites—a downtown neighborhood and a university campus in Istanbul, and a Turkish neighborhood in Berlin—Berna Turam shows how democratic contestation echoes through urban space. Countering common assumptions that Turkey is strongly polarized between Islamists and secularists, she illustrates how contested urban space encourages creative politics, the kind of politics that advance rights, expression, and representation shared between pious and secular groups. Exceptional moments of protest, like the recent Gezi protests which bookend this study, offer clear external signs of upheaval and disruption, but it is the everyday contestation and interaction that forge alliances and inspire change. Ultimately, Turam argues that the process of democratization is not the reduction of conflict, but rather the capacity to form new alliances out of conflict.
The Ghazi Sultans were frontier holy-warrior kings of late medieval and early modern Islamic history. This book is a comparative study of three particular Ghazis in the Muslim world at that time, ...demonstrating the extent to which these men were influenced by the actions and writings of their predecessors in shaping strategy and the way in which they saw themselves.
Using a broad range of Persian, Arabic and Turkish texts, the author offers new findings in the history of memory and self-fashioning, demonstrating thereby the value of intertextual approaches to historical and literary studies. The three main themes explored include the formation of the ideal of the Ghazi king in the eleventh century, the imitation thereof in fifteenth and early sixteenth century Anatolia and India, and the process of transmission of the relevant texts. By focusing on the philosophical questions of ‘becoming’ and ‘modelling’, Anooshahr has sought alternatives to historiographic approaches that only find facts, ideology, and legitimization in these texts.
This book will be of interest to scholars specialising in Medieval and early modern Islamic history, Islamic literature, and the history of religion.
Ali Anooshahr teaches Comparative Pre-modern Islamic History at the University of California, Davis.
'Anooshahr’s hypotheses are plausible and derive from meticulous research. They offer a promising new perspective on the significance of an ideology vital to Islamic historiography in the Middle Period.' - CARL F. PETRY, Northwestern University, American Historical Review, October 2009
'This is a provocative and intelligent book, and promises to engage specialists in various disciplines of Near Eastern, Central Asian and Islamic studies.' - Insight Turkey Vol.12/ No.1/ 2010
Introduction 1. How Babur became a Ghazi 2. Disclaiming Timur’s Inheritance and the Rise of the Mughal Empire 3. The Origins of the Ghazi King 4. Inventing the Image of the ‘Founder King’ 5. The Triad of kings 6. Tatars and Ottomans 7. The Ghazas of Sultan Murad II. Conclusion
Kurds are living at Middle East region comprising several countries (38 million people) and also have emigrated to Asia, Europe and America. Kurds from Iran have been HLA typed in the present work ...from Saqqez and Baneh towns, Kordestan province, Iran. Origin of Kurds is considered autochthonous from Anatolia and surrounding mountains :they have been referred as “the mountain people” by classic Persian, Greek and Roman authors. Present day Turks are also autochthonous from Anatolia, but they were not recognized by classical authors as living in the mountains and they speak a language of Asian origin that was imposed to Anatolia by a “elite” invasion without a noticeable high Asian gene input. Most frequent class I and class II HLA alleles found in Iranian Kurds population are: HLA-A*24:02, A*02:01 and HLA-B*35:01, and HLA-DRB1*11:01, DRB1*03:02 and HLA-DQB1*03:01; also, most frequent HLA extended haplotypes from this Iran Kurdish sample are not shared with Iranians but with Mediterranean, Turkish and Caucasus people. This is confirmed by Neighbour-Joining and correspondence analysis studied together with the corresponding populations. Finally, our studies show that both Kurds and Turks are genetically original from Anatolian Peninsula and surrounding countries and that an apparent Asian genetic or Aryan invasion does not exist in the area.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Traumatized adolescents might cope with maladaptive strategies such as increased Internet usage, ...which might be a risk for cyber victimization. We investigated the relationship between self-reported PTSD and cyber victimization and the mediator role of school belongingness in this relationship. The sample consisted of 292 adolescents ages 11-14 years old (M = 12.53, SD = 0.71; nfemale = 165, 56.1%; nmale = 129, 43.9%). Results show that males are more likely to be cyber victims and have lower levels of school belongingness than females. In addition, results supported the association between higher levels of PTSD and higher levels of cyber victimization. Traumatized adolescents with high levels of school belongingness are less likely to be cyber victims. These findings highlight the importance of school-related personal and relational characteristics in promoting adolescent mental health.
The conundrum of the ubiquitous deceptive reviews has overruled the online ontology with the obsession of obscure but obligatory posting of product reviews for the customers to believe, behold and ...beget the online product marketing. This mandates contemporary research in the direction to delve deeper on the application and analysis of deceiving online reviews with matured and advanced AI models functional on large scale datasets to effectively and efficiently demarcate between the genuine and the sham. The research counteracts the counterfeiting product reviews via the applications, assessment and analysis of the befitting AI models - Elastic-net Classifier model based on block coordinate descent with Wordcloud and its further performance enhancement through LightGBM Trees Classifier with Grid Search and Early Stopping support, with Log-Loss as performance metric for experimentation to gain insight into the intricacies of detection, diagnosis and diminution of fake product reviews. The paper also delineates discriminative and affirmative aspects of the dataset quality, statistics, stability and standards inherent and coherent to the creation of the dataset using Large Language Models (LLMs) intrinsic to the zeitgeist juncture of recent times promoting machines to produce large scale, cost effective bogus reviews in lieu of the Amazon Mechanical Turks. The results obtained with the Log-Loss holdout score of 0.1462 conforming the LightGBM classifier proves its performance better than the Elastic-Net classifier, conforming it as better than the ROC-AUC in terms of its proximity to the prediction probability for the matching actual/true value.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This timely book presents the results of the Integration of the Second Generation in Europe survey that examines the experiences of residents of Stockholm who are descended from Turkish migrants
Hypocoristic names, which are widely used in the cultural geography where Kosovo Turks live, have likewise found normal use among Kosovo Turks through cultural interaction. The ethnic and cultural ...origins of the Kosovo Turks is based on Anatolia, as it is believed to have been settled from Anatolia during the reign of Sultan Murat II. Due to this, in their culture and folklore, there can be noticed traces of the heritage brought from Anatolia. It is possible to see the traces of this heritage in all areas of private and public life, therefore, there have been done considerable research on the issue. After settling in these lands and becoming the indigenous component of the same, Kosovo Turks enriched this initial cultural heritage with local cultural and folklore elements. This aspect of the Kosovo Turks folklore has not yet been explored and is worth researching. As a result of cultural interference, there have been developed a tradition of hypocoristic creation of personal names as a folkloric feature. Studies on the onomastics of Kosovo Turks are limited, but not inexistent. Nevertheless, hypocorism is not a studied subject, both as a term and as a phenomenon. In our study, we strived to briefly discuss the meaning and origin of the term. Subsequently, we shared information on ways to create hypocorisms and included examples of common hypocoristic names depending on gender. We tried to shed light on where these words, as important for Balkan Turkish anthroponomy, derive from.
The present study focuses on the late medieval commune of Dubrovnik, known in Latin and Italian sources as Ragusa, and its precarious relationship with the Ottoman Turks, while placing a particular ...emphasis on the various strategies that Ragusans employed throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in attempting to navigate a difficult political existence between their own interests and the interests of a unified Christendom which stood in complete opposition to the Ottomans. Numerous surviving records created in Ragusa at the time depict the Ottoman Turks in a completely inconsistent light, demonstrating that historians, as always, need to take particular care about accepting claims from diplomatic sources at face value, and that relations between Christians and Muslims during the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans were not always as unambiguous or constantly hostile as they are often presented to be in contemporary works, modern historiography and public discourse.
PDF
