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Platinum nanosheets (Pt NSs) were fabricated on fullerene (C60) decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (denoted as Pt NSs/C60/GCE) through a simple potentiostatic deposition method. ...In the coexistence of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA), the as-prepared Pt NSs/C60/GCE electrode exhibited three well-resolved voltammetric peaks (ΔEAA–DA=176mV, ΔEDA–UA=132mV, ΔEAA–UA=308mV) in the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements, allowing a simultaneous detection of these biomolecules. There are linear relationships between current intensities and concentrations in the region of 10–1800μM (AA), 0.5–211.5μM (DA), and 9.5–1187μM (UA), and the limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) are down to 0.43μM, 0.07μM and 0.63μM for AA, DA and UA, respectively. The as-prepared Pt NSs/C60/GCE electrode displayed a good reproducibility and storage stability and was successfully used for detection of AA, DA and UA in real plasma and urine samples.
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Over the past few decades, wastewater has been evolving from a waste to a valuable resource. Wastewater can not only dampen the effects of water shortages by means of water ...reclamation, but it also provides the medium for energy and nutrient recovery to further offset the extraction of precious resources. Since identifying viable resource recovery technologies can be challenging, this article offers a review of technologies for water, energy, and nutrient recovery from domestic and municipal wastewater through the lens of the scale of implementation. The system scales were classified as follows: small scale (design flows of 17 m3/day or less), medium scale (8 to 20,000 m3/day), and large scale (3800 m3/day or more). The widespread implementation of non-potable reuse (NPR) projects across all scales highlighted the ease of implementation associated with lower water quality requirements and treatment schemes that resembled conventional wastewater treatment. Although energy recovery was mostly achieved in large-scale plants from biosolids management or hydraulic head loss, the highest potential for concentrated nutrient recovery occurred in small-scale systems using urine source separating technologies. Small-scale systems offered benefits such as the ability for onsite resource recovery and reuse that lowered distribution and transportation costs and energy consumption, while larger scales benefited from lower per unit costs and energy consumption for treatment. The removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products remained a challenge across scales, but unit processes such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, activated carbon, and advanced oxidation processes exhibited high removal efficiency for select contaminants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nowadays various inorganic nanoparticles that generate highly reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH) on the basis of Fenton‐like catalytic activity of metal ions have been designed for chemodynamic therapy. ...However, the high level of adaptive antioxidants glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells could effectively consume ·OH to compromise the treatment efficiency and biosafety of these inorganic nanoparticles, and this is a general concern in chemodynamic therapy. Herein, a new biodegradable nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) is developed by integration of cisplatin prodrug (DSCP) and iron (III) ions through a reverse microemulsion method. The DSCP in the NCPs could react with GSH to release free cisplatin, while the iron (III) ions could be reduced by GSH into iron (II) to enable Fenton reaction, subsequently leading to amplified intracellular oxidative stress. After surface modification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cycloArg‐Gly‐Asp‐D‐Phe‐Lys(mpa) peptide (cRGD), Fe‐DSCP‐PEG‐cRGD shows an excellent targeting effect against αvβ3‐integrin overexpressed tumor cells. Furthermore, Fe‐DSCP‐PEG‐cRGD enables significant chemo and chemodynamic therapy with dramatically enhanced therapeutic efficiency in comparison to relative monotherapies. Importantly, Fe‐DSCP‐PEG‐cRGD could be efficiently cleared out from mice through feces and urine postinjection 7 days. The NCP presented in this work is simple and economical, which shows great biodegradability and biosafety for potential clinical translation.
In this work, a biodegradable nanoscale coordination polymer of Fe‐DSCP based on iron ions (III) and cisplatin prodrug, c,c,t‐(diamminedichlorodisuccinato) Pt (IV) is fabricated through a reverse microemulsion method. After surface modification, the resulting nanoparticles achieve targeted chemo‐ and chemodynamic combination therapy with amplified oxidative stress for cancer cells.
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•Vapour-phase hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize nanocrystalline Ni2P on CFC.•Ni2P/CFC exhibited bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of UOR and HER.•Ni2P/CFC ...constructed two-electrode system was established for simultaneous H2 production and urea decomposition.
Ni2P nanocrystallines grown on carbon fiber cloth (Ni2P/CFC) was successfully achieved by a facile vapour-phase hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Ni2P/CFC, as an electrocatalyst, exhibited superior electrocatalytic activities toward urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with a potential of 1.42V (vs. RHE) delivering a current density of 10mAcm−2 and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with overpotentials of 90 and 155mV at current densities of 10 and 100mAcm−2 in alkaline media. On this basis, a Ni2P/CFC constructed two-electrode system for high-efficiency H2 production and simultaneous urea decomposition was therefore established using commercial urea as reaction source. Besides, such two-electrode system as proof of concept study was also evaluated using human urine as urea source for highly efficient H2 generation with a rate of 0.35μMmin−1 at an applied potential of 1.48V, delivering a current density of 10mAcm−2.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A facile, economic and green one‐step hydrothermal synthesis route using dopamine as source towards photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) is proposed. The as‐prepared CNPs have an average size ...about 3.8 nm. The emission spectra of the CNPs are broad, ranging from approximately 380 (purple) to approximately 525 nm (green), depending on the excitation wavelengths. Due to the favorable optical properties, the CNPs can readily enter into A549 cells and has been used for multicolor biolabeling and bioimaging. Most importantly, the as‐prepared CNPs contain distinctive catechol groups on their surfaces. Due to the special response of catechol groups to Fe3+ ions, we further demonstrate that such wholly new CNPs can serve as a very effective fluorescent sensing platform for label‐free sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ ions and dopamine with a detection limit as low as 0.32 μM and 68 nM, respectively. The new “mix‐and‐detect” strategy is simple, green, and exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity. The present method was also applied to the determination of Fe3+ ions in real water samples and dopamine in human urine and serum samples successfully.
Mix and detect makes sense: A new preparative route toward distinctive fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) by using dopamine (see figure) is described. Such CNPs can be used for multicolor bioimaging and also serve as a very effective fluorescent sensors for label‐free sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ ions and dopamine with a detection limit as low as 0.32 μM and 68 nM, respectively. This work may provide new insights into the design of CNPs and their application in bioimaging and sensing.
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36.
Hybrid Volatolomics and Disease Detection Broza, Yoav Y.; Mochalski, Pawel; Ruzsanyi, Vera ...
Angewandte Chemie (International ed.),
September 14, 2015, Volume:
54, Issue:
38
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This Review presents a concise, but not exhaustive, didactic overview of some of the main concepts and approaches related to “volatolomics”—an emerging frontier for fast, risk‐free, and potentially ...inexpensive diagnostics. It attempts to review the source and characteristics of volatolomics through the so‐called volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from cells and their microenvironment. It also reviews the existence of VOCs in several bodily fluids, including the cellular environment, blood, breath, skin, feces, urine, and saliva. Finally, the usefulness of volatolomics for diagnosis from a single bodily fluid, as well as ways to improve these diagnostic aspects by “hybrid” approaches that combine VOC profiles collected from two or more bodily fluids, will be discussed. The perspectives of this approach in developing the field of diagnostics to a new level are highlighted.
Ill‐gotten gains: Volatolomes enable identification of the collection of volatile organic compounds in a biological cell, tissue, or organism that are the by‐/end products of cellular processes in the living organism. The new analytical approach of volatolomics allows the large‐scale scientific study of chemical processes involving volatile organic compounds.
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•A human pilot intervention study was performed with volunteers with and without a colon.•Anthocyanins/bilberry extract was stabilized by whey protein or citrus pectin.•Whey protein encapsulation ...modulated short-term bioavailability.•Citrus pectin encapsulation increased intestinal accessibility during passage through the small intestine.•The degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde was present in plasma.
Anthocyanins are flavonoids that have been suggested to provide beneficial health effects. The biological activity of anthocyanins is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, but anthocyanins are associated with limited bioavailability in humans. In the presented study, we investigated how the encapsulation of bilberry extract (BE), a source of anthocyanins, with either whey protein or citrus pectin influences the bioavailability and intestinal accessibility of anthocyanins in humans. We performed an intervention study that analyzed anthocyanins and their degradation products in the urine, plasma, and ileal effluent of healthy volunteers and ileostomists (subjects without an intact colon). We were able to show, that whey protein encapsulation modulated short-term bioavailability and that citrus pectin encapsulation increased intestinal accessibility during passage through the small intestine and modulated the formation of the degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde (PGAL) in human plasma.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•A novel Co (Ⅱ)-based MOF material with peroxidase mimetic activity was synthesized.•The possible catalysis mechanism of Co-MOF was studied.•The Co-MOF enhanced the luminol-H2O2 CL signal ...significantly.•A CL sensing method for glucose determination was developed using the luminol-H2O2-Co-MOF system.
In this work, a metal organic framework material (Co(L)(H2O)2n, Co-MOF) was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and it was found that Co-MOF have a peroxidase-like activity. They can efficiently catalyze the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between luminol and H2O2 and enhance the CL signal significantly. The possible enhancement mechanism suggested that Co-MOF catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 into O2 and increased the generation of •O2−. Based on these findings, a new highly sensitive glucose sensor was constructed combined with the luminol-H2O2-Co-MOF CL system and glucose oxidase. Under the optimal conditions, the method exhibited a good linear response to glucose in the range of 0.04˜8 μM with a detection limit of 1 × 10-8 M. The method has been further applied in the quantitative determination of glucose in human serum and urine successfully.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide (Parathion) has been developed for the first time by utilizing nickel oxide nanoplatelets modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). ...The NiO NPLs showed a superior electrochemical performance and ultrasensitive determination of parathion in real samples over bare/unmodified SPEs.
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•Meso-/macro-porous NiO nanoplatelets were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.•Sensitive determination of parathion pesticide by utilizing NiO NPLs modified SPE was explored.•NiO-SPEs can be used in a wide concentration range with low detection limit of 24 × 10−9 mol L−1.•The stability of NiO-SPEs nanozyme was utilized for detection of parathion in water, urine and vegetable samples.
Nanozyme-based electrochemical sensors have attracted much attention because of their low cost, sensitivity and remarkable stability under extensive environmental and industrial conditions. Interestingly, the physical characteristics of the nanomaterials in terms of size, shape, composition, surface area and porosity dominate the electrochemical processes at electrode surfaces. Herein, we explore nickel oxide nanoplatelets (NPs) modified screen-printed electrode-based nanozyme sensors that displays high electrochemical activity including stability, sensitivity, selectivity and applicability for organophosphate pesticide (Parathion) determination. Differential pulse voltammogram of NiO-SPE in presence of parathion showed a characteristic peak current at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The NiO-SPE platform allows determination of parathion over the concentration range of 0.1–30 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.024 µM. The sensing platform is found to detect parathion of interferences without compromising the sensitivity of the sensor. Such interesting features offer a sensitive determination of parathion in water, urine and vegetable samples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The development of reagentless sensors that can detect molecular analytes in biological fluids could enable a broad range of applications in personalized health monitoring. However, only a limited ...set of molecular inputs can currently be detected using reagentless sensors. Here, we report a sensing mechanism that is compatible with the analysis of proteins that are important physiological markers of stress, allergy, cardiovascular health, inflammation and cancer. The sensing method is based on the motion of an inverted molecular pendulum that exhibits field-induced transport modulated by the presence of a bound analyte. We measure the sensor's electric field-mediated transport using the electron-transfer kinetics of an attached reporter molecule. Using time-resolved electrochemical measurements that enable unidirectional motion of our sensor, the presence of an analyte bound to our sensor complex can be tracked continuously in real time. We show that this sensing approach is compatible with making measurements in blood, saliva, urine, tears and sweat and that the sensors can collect data in situ in living animals.
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