Education equity has become a critical sustainable development goal worldwide, and it has aroused significant concern among educators. While virtual teaching communities have emerged as an approach ...to minimizing educational inequity through resource sharing and information exchange, the achievement of deep collaboration among individuals remains an area that requires further study. Metaverse, with its advanced behavior interaction capabilities, has shown potential in promoting deep collaboration and communication among individuals. However, the pathway towards leveraging Metaverse for enhancing educational equity remains unclear.
To address this gap, this study aims to review the concept and educational applications of Metaverse, as well as its evolution to pedagogical interactions within virtual teaching communities. Specifically, this paper proposes the possibility of achieving educational equity by establishing a Metaverse-supported virtual community that leverages immersive environments for behavior interaction, employs diversified avatars for affective communication, and implements equitable mechanisms for knowledge creation.
Overall, the present study underscores the importance of constructing a warmer virtual teaching community that promotes deep collaboration and equitable knowledge creation. By leveraging the capabilities of Metaverse, educators and learners can work together to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment.
This article presents a low power-supplied 13-bit 20-MS/s time-to-digital converter (TDC)-assisted successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In this hybrid ...architecture, the voltage-to-time converter (VTC) and TDC realize an inherent process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) robustness by inner tracking, thus inducing no extra power and circuit overheads. The voltage-domain and time-domain speed-enhanced techniques accelerate the first- and second-stage ADC conversions under a low power supply, respectively. Furthermore, in cooperation with a detect-and-skip switching scheme in the SAR ADC and an offset bit-shifting scheme in the two-step TDC, the ADC achieves linearity of 13 bit. The prototype ADC was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process with a 0.6-V power supply, achieving a 71.0-dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and an 89.5-dB spurious-free dynamic range with a Nyquist input at 20 MS/s, while exhibiting a Schreier figure-of-merit (FoM) of 181.9 dB. The ADC presents a sub-1-dB SNDR drop across a temperature range of -50 to 90 °C and ±5% power-supply variation.
Polyphosphates (polyP) are polymers of inorganic phosphates joined by high-energy bonds to form long chains. These chains are present in all forms of life but were once disregarded as ‘molecular ...fossils’. PolyP has gained attention in recent years following new links to diverse biological roles ranging from energy storage to cell signaling. PolyP research in humans and other higher eukaryotes is limited by a lack of suitable tools and awaits the identification of enzymatic players that would enable more comprehensive studies. Therefore, many of the most important insights have come from single-cell model systems. Here, we review determinants of polyP metabolism, regulation, and function in major microbial systems, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. We highlight key similarities and differences that may aid in our understanding of how polyP impacts cell physiology at a molecular level.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper proposes methods to generate various types of Linear Voltage Transfer Curves (VTC) using Operational Trans-Resistance Amplifier (OTRA) as the active block. It further goes on to propose ...methods to multiplex various individual Linear VTCs to obtain any form of Piece-Wise Linear Voltage Transfer Curves (PWL), which find many applications in the world of circuitry. One particular application has been highlighted, i.e. generation of High-Frequency Sinusoids. Simulations of the Circuits proposed via Cadence Virtuoso, using TowerJazz’s 180 nm Technology Node have been reported, which satisfy the aim behind its development.
ABSTRACT
Ascorbate and anthocyanins act as photoprotectants during exposure to high light (HL). They accumulate in Arabidopsis leaves in response to HL on a similar timescale, suggesting a potential ...relationship between them. Flavonoids and related metabolites were identified and profiled by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The ascorbate‐deficient mutants vtc1, vtc2 and vtc3 accumulated less anthocyanin than wild‐type (WT) during HL acclimation. In contrast, kaempferol glycoside accumulation was less affected by light and not decreased by ascorbate deficiency, while sinapoyl malate levels decreased during HL acclimation. Comparison of six Arabidopsis ecotypes showed a positive correlation between ascorbate and anthocyanin accumulation in HL. mRNA‐Seq analysis showed that all flavonoid biosynthesis transcripts were increased by HL acclimation in WT. RT‐PCR analysis showed that vtc1 and vtc2 were impaired in HL induction of transcripts of anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes, and the transcription factors PAP1, GL3 and EGL3 that activate the pathway. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), hormones that could affect anthocyanin accumulation, were unaffected in vtc mutants. It is concluded that HL induction of anthocyanin synthesis involves a redox‐sensitive process upstream of the known transcription factors. Because anthocyanins accumulate in preference to kaempferol glycosides and sinapoyl malate in HL, they might have specific properties that make them useful in HL acclimation.
Previous research suggests a link between anthocyanin high light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation and ascorbate in Arabidopsis. We show that high light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation is impaired in a range of ascorbate deficient vtc mutants and is also correlated with ascorbate pool size in a range of ecotypes. Decreased anthocyanin production was associated with decreased high light induction of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. The results suggest that redox‐sensitive high light signal transduction upstream of the transcription factors regulating anthocyanin is strongly modulated by ascorbate status.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This brief presents a single-channel 8-bit 1.5-GS/s voltage-time (V-T) hybrid two-step analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Benefiting from the fine quantification in the time domain, the ...power-to-noise requirement of a comparator and speed limitation in the voltage domain have been significantly relaxed. An efficient cross-coupled linearized technique (CCLT) is proposed in a dynamic voltage-to-time converter (VTC) design as a crucial part of this ADC. This technique helps improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) of VTC by 8 dB across most process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations by avoiding using a power-harvest current-source (CS)-based VTC. Moreover, a dynamic conversion strategy is proposed in a time quantizer to build a more power-efficient design. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process, the prototype ADC consumes 3.3 mW at 1-V supply with an active area of 0.0035 mm2. With a Nyquist input, it achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 45.4 and 60.3 dB, respectively, yielding a Walden figure of merit (FoMW) of 14.4 fJ/conversion-step.
This brief presents a 1GS/s 11bit hybrid voltage-time pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that leverages 1-bit dither correlation-based background calibration to correct the gain errors in ...residue amplifier (RA), voltage-to-time converter (VTC) and time-to-digital converter (TDC) caused by mismatch and the variations of process, voltage and temperature (PVT). A dual-supply two-stage no Miller-compensated residue amplifier (RA) with complementary inverter-based pre-amplifier, is applied to achieve high gain, high linearity and high bandwidth. The presented ADC occupies an active area of 0.083 mm 2 in 28 nm process. It achieves an SNDR of 58.2dB and an SFDR of 63.7dB after the calibration in the entire Nyquist zone, while consuming 14.9mW at 0.9/1.8V, contributing to Walden figure-of-merit (FoM) value of 22.1 fJ/conversion-step.
Inverter-based memristive neural networks have the advantages of much lower power consumptions and higher speeds compared to those of digital implementations while they suffer from accuracy ...degradation due to the circuit elements variations. In this brief, we propose a circuit-level method, called RIM (Resistor-Inverter based Memristive neural network) to mitigate the accuracy degradation of this type of neural network implementation at the presence of variations as well as improve the efficacy of its offline training. In the proposed method, the high slope of the inverter voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) is reduced by adding a grounded resistor to the inverter output node. While decreasing the resistance, generally, suppresses the adverse effects of variations on the network accuracy as well as the loading effect of the memristive crossbar, it may lead to output accuracy decrease under the nominal (no variation) condition. Thus, some trade-off is considered for choosing a proper value for the added resistance. The study reveals that RIM can improve the output accuracy in the range of 10%-96% (51%-74%) in the nominal condition (variations condition).
The use of synchronous telemental health for therapy group is a relatively new area of exploration. While telegroups have demonstrated they can be helpful in providing psychoeducation, there is less ...known about whether synchronous remote groups can develop group cohesion and whether patients can receive the benefit of a supportive group setting.
A pilot study was conducted comparing group cohesion between patients who participated in a dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) group via video teleconferencing (VTC) and patients who participated in an in-person group.
Findings indicate that while both groups felt equally connected to the facilitator, there were significant differences between the online and in-person groups on the group cohesion scale. Those in the online group did not feel as connected to other group members as those in the in-person group. Qualitative statements indicate that while an in-person group may have been preferable, the convenience of the online group outweighed any negative effects. Attendance was significantly better in the online group, suggesting that use of this technology may help to overcome barriers preventing treatment participation. The focus of this study was on group cohesion and changes in psychiatric symptoms were not evaluated.
The use of telemental health for group therapy appears to be a viable alternative to traditional in-person groups, especially when no other treatment options are available. However, facilitators may need to take extra steps to build group cohesion when members are participating remotely.
En los últimos años, el sector del taxi se enfrenta a la incursión de la economía colaborativa en el transporte urbano de viajeros en automóviles de turismo. Plataformas como Uber o Cabify intentan ...hacerse un hueco en este sector monopolizado por el taxi, no sin originar un importante conflicto acerca de la legalidad de su actividad. En este sentido, el tránsito de la utilización del modelo de transporte colaborativo al regulado arrendamiento de vehículo con conductor (VTC) ha conllevado a su vez la aparición de esta modalidad en esta disputa, sirviendo como base legal de actuación de dichas plataformas. De todas maneras, el debate en cuanto a si las prestaciones de Uber o Cabify deben asociarse al principio de libre prestación de servicios o si están incluidas en el ámbito del transporte siguen latentes. Este estudio pretende analizar todas estas cuestiones, centrándose fundamentalmente tanto en el régimen jurídico del taxi, como en el del VTC, y cómo se está solventando la pugna entre el sector del taxi y el avance imparable de dichas plataformas.
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