In the Vipava Valley (SW Slovenia), various types of mass movements occur in a geologically and geomorphologically diverse setting. These comprise various types of landslides, creep, and Quaternary ...slope deposits of carbonate blocks and recent scree deposits. A general geological setting is represented as Mesozoic carbonate overthrust on Paleogene flysch (alternations of mostly sandstones and marlstones), resulting in steep slopes and mass movements. Our study is based on the automatic classification of various litho-geomorphological units including slope deposits, alluvial deposits, steep carbonate cliffs, flysch, two carbonate plateaus, and Quaternary deposits, based on supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification. Several polygons were used for training in the broader valley area, and later, the method was applied to automatically classify the complete area into the abovementioned six units. For input layers, we used data for elevation, slope, terrain ruggedness index (TRI), and curvature. Results show that generally, the method is suitable for classification of the litho-geomorphological units including slope deposits. However, comparison with a more detailed map, comprising mapped various mass movements indicated that the method correctly predicts high Trnovo plateau carbonates, steep carbonate slopes, translational carbonate blocks, and fossil rock avalanche deposits, and alluvial deposits, but is not able to clearly distinguish between flysch and more recent slope deposits of gravel and breccia due to their similar elevation, TRI, and slope values. The Slano blato mudflow and Stogovce landslide are not recognized. Therefore, this automatic classification can be carefully used to create a guidance map of general occurrences of litho-geomorphological units including slope deposits before going to the field, with the aim of delineation of slope deposits so they can be further studied in detail later in the field. However, such a map cannot be used as a direct substitute map for the geological and geomorphological map obtained in the field due to impossibility in distinguishing among the units with the same properties (elevation, slope, and TRI values).
The Rebrnice area in the Upper Vipava Valley, SW Slovenia, is covered by Quaternary slope deposits that are very complex in their genesis and composition. Some of the sediments are deposited in the ...form of heterogeneously composed fossil landslides. One of these landslides in the Rebrnice area is the Lozice fossil landslide located above the village of Lozice. Analysis of this landslide includes geological mapping of the fossil landslide, classifiation of different sedimentary facies, 3-D modelling of the landslide, and transverse and longitudinal cross-sections. The geological mapping of the fossil landslide is based on fild work mapping and analysis of shaded digital terrain models (DTMs) with a resolution of 1 × 1 m obtained by airborne laser scanning. Lithological data from boreholes and excavation trenches have been classifid into eight specifi sediment facies that had been defied in previous studies. The 3-D model of the landslide was made using the ArcScene application in the program ESRI ArcGIS. For each sediment facies, a surface was made in the form of a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN), which gave us a wireframe object. TIN nets were merged in Multipatch objects and exported to 3-D Analyst, where a 3-D model was created. In addition, a shaded DTM image was added for a better placement of the 3-D model in space. Previous fidings indicate that deposition of fossil landslides in the Rebrnice area was inflenced by palaeotopography. Based on borehole data, transverse and longitudinal cross-sections of the fossil landslide were made and indicate concave depressions under the Lozice fossil landslide. Analysis of the Lozice fossil landslide indicates its complex structure of intertwined heterogeneous sedimentary facies.
The Selo landslide complex in the Vipava Valley (SW Slovenia) is a large fan-shaped sedimentary body that differs significantly from other slope deposits in the area in its exceptional size and ...considerable runout length. The landslide is predominantly composed of carbonate gravel deposited on a flysch paleo-relief. To determine the volume and geometry of the landslide and its potential source area, we integrated geological mapping, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and GIS techniques. The landslide deposits cover an area of about 10 km
2
with an average thickness of 10 m (maximum thickness reaching 56 m) and a maximum length of 5500 m. The volume of carbonate gravel was estimated from geological cross sections and GPR profiles. The base and top surfaces were interpolated by inverse distance and kriging methods, for which the Cut/Fill method was used in ESRI ArcGIS to determine the original landslide volume before the erosion. The estimated original volume is 190 × 10
6
m
3
. The recent volume after the erosion is 96 × 10
6
m
3
. The calculated volume of the Selo landslide, angle of reach θ = 10° and H/L ratio of 0.18 are in accordance with data for landslides of a comparable size. The most reasonable explanation for the development of the Selo landslide complex is a slope collapse involving the breakdown of the rock mass and the development of a high-mobility rock avalanche.
Vipava valley in Slovenia is a representative hot-spot for complex mixtures of different aerosol types of both anthropogenic and natural origin. Aerosol loading distributions and optical properties ...were investigated using a two-wavelength polarization Raman LiDAR, which provided extinction coefficient, backscatter coefficient, depolarization ratio, backscatter Ångström exponent and LiDAR ratio profiles. Two different representative meteorological situations were investigated to explore the possibility of identifying aerosol types present in the valley. In the first case, we investigated the effect of strong downslope (Bora) wind on aerosol structures and characteristics. In addition to observing Kelvin–Helmholtz instability above the valley, at the height of the adjacent mountain ridge, we found new evidence for Bora-induced processes which inject soil dust aerosols into the free troposphere up to twice the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In the second case, we investigated aerosol properties and distributions in stable weather conditions. From the observed stratified vertical aerosol structure and specific optical properties of different layers we identified predominant aerosol types in these layers.
Although the green infrastructure concept should be implemented in both urban and rural areas, only few studies investigate the green infrastructure concept in the rural settings. This paper ...contributes to the relevant discussion by analysing how green infrastructure can serve as a facilitator to sustainable spatial development in the predominantly rural area and at the regional level based on the planning experiences from the Vipava Valley (Vipavska dolina), Slovenia. The Vipava Approach is a bottom-up approach that understands green infrastructure in the broader developmental context and not only as a protection or land-use planning. Planning green infrastructure in rural areas should have characteristics of participatory planning on the local level, but it needs to take into account other territorial dimensions of planning as well. It needs to be holistic by addressing key developmental problems on the basis of a strategic development document.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Karst aquifers are characterized by high heterogeneity and spatial variability of hydrogeological parameters. One possible approach to study them is the time series analysis of the recharge and ...discharge data as the input and output functions of the system. But the interpretation of obtained results in the sense of understanding of the functioning of karst system is very difficult and the findings are often not properly validated. One way of testing the results is to apply the method on various test areas with different characteristics. Therefore, for the purpose of this study we selected four karst aquifers with well-known characteristics – two of them on Slovene and two on Serbian karst. They differ above all in the characteristics of recharge, the extent of the catchment, and the degree of karstification. Based on the comparison of obtained results it was possible to draw inferences about these characteristics and the capability of the applied time series analysis to reflect and demonstrate them.
We used the effective infiltration as the input function instead of precipitation in order to take into consideration various processes in air, vegetation and soil and their influence on the recharge, and to separate them from the processes within the karst aquifer. The results of the study confirm that for the assessment of the karst system structure it is essential to consider the effective infiltration as the input function instead of precipitation. Still the largest differences between the results of the applied time series analysis on four studied karst aquifers are due to their different structures, degrees of karstification and characteristics of groundwater flow.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The aim of the contribution is to reconstruct the symbolic landscape on the base of the folk tradition in the Upper Vipava Valley and surroundings. However, there are visible differences in observed ...elements between the valley and the plateau, which is the result of the duration of its being inhabited and the density of population. It is to be understood from the folk tradition that the Nanos plateau has been considered as a holy mountain before the arrival of Christianity.
The concept of terroir incorporates interaction between geogenic and anthropogenic parameters and defines the typicity and quality of wine in a particular geographic area. Geomorphology represents ...one of the most important geogenic parameters of terroir. In 2008 we produced two wines from two different sites located within the same vineyard in the Vipava valley (Slovenia). Despite identical vine-growing and winemaking techniques, the two sites yielded grapes and wines of different quality. Both sites are identical in terms of macroclimate and bedrock, thus the differences are related to soil composition, drainage and microclimate, all directly linked to different geomorphic positions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Na grobišču na Laurinovi ulici v Vipavi je bilo leta 2005 izkopanih devet žganih žarnih grobov, ki jih na podlagi obravnave najdb in pridanih novcev datiramo v 1. in 2. st. n. št. Novci so po sežigu ...trupla v grob položeni vsem odraslim pokojnikom, ne pa otrokom. Enotna sestava pridatkov v grobovih odraža precej tipiziran pogrebni obred. Konstrukcija grobov in pridatki kažejo na močno povezanost z italskim svetom, v načinu pokopa pa je mogoče zaslediti tudi posamezne elemente drugačne, morda lokalne staroselske tradicije. Posebnost so pokopi več oseb v skupnem grobu, interpretiranem kot družinski grob. Grobišče na Laurinovi ulici dopolnjuje poselitveno sliko rimske Vipave.
Ob raziskovanju sledov rimskodobne poselitve na Grubljah (Vipava) so bili izkopani 403 ostanki velikih sesalcev, od tega 108 taksonomsko določljivih. Skupno je bilo med njimi zastopanih ...najmanj pet vrst (tj. domače govedo z dobrima dvema tretjinama najdb, ovca in/ali koza, domači prašič, konj in jelen), morda pa tudi tur in zober. Biometrična analiza govejih kosti je pokazala na prisotnost ostankov velikih živali napredne “rimske” pasme tudi še v četrtem stoletju, tj. ob nastopu poznoan-tičnega obdobja. Prav tako je s podatki za rimskodobne primerke iz širše regije skladna plečna višina konja, kateremu je pripadala edina nepoškodovana dolga kost v celotnem gradivu (tj. stopalnica). Govedoreja, sicer osrednji vir mesa za lokalno prebivalstvo, je bila primarno domnevno usmerjena v izkoriščanje volov (in krav?) kot delovne živine. Največ 6,6-odstotni delež ostankov lovnih vrst priča o (količinsko) skromnem pomenu divjačine v lokalni prehrani.
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