Seismically active fault zones receive a great deal of attention due to their potential for quantification of seismic hazards. Zones with low slip rates pose a challenge, however, since their poor ...topographic expression is related to difficulties in the quantification of fault movement. This study focuses on the Dobrá Voda Depression, an area with the highest level of seismic activity in the Western Carpathians. The Quaternary tectono-sedimentary evolution of the small intramontane basin was investigated with the use of facies analysis of cores, dated with the use of cosmogenic nuclide depth profiles (10Be, 26Al and 36Cl), together with 26Al/10Be burial dating and radiocarbon dating. A set of archived boreholes and geoelectric survey data was used for the correlation of results with those from new boreholes across the depression. Four facies associations were distinguished: (FA1) Colluvial deposits that comprise subaerial debris flows and mudflows; (FA2) Fluvial deposits with high sediment supply: accommodation ratio, composed mostly of sandy-gravelly channel fill facies; (FA3) Fluvial deposits with low sediment supply: accommodation ratio, consisting mostly of floodplain muds, overbank heterolithic facies and minor sandy-gravelly channel fills; and (FA4) Swamp deposits, which are mostly made up of peat. Geochronological results suggest that the studied part of FA3 was deposited before 1.0 Ma due to a rise in the base level following a major incision event. Overbank-dominated deposits of FA3 covered an incision surface, resulted in a difference of ca. 65 m of elevation of these strata, which represents the minimal thickness of FA3. The second phase of incision was related to reactivation of Miocene normal faults resulting in further topographic differentiation. The initiation of fault activity is recorded by the deposition of colluvial FA1 before ca. 250 ka. FA2 accumulated between ca. 160 and 100 ka, mostly at the toes of slopes bounding the fault scarps on the basin margins. The last documented phase of evolution represents an increase of accommodation, which was connected to the deposition of Holocene peat in swamps as well as floodplain muds of FA4 above FA2. The observed settings imply that variation between incision and accumulation in a scale of hundreds of thousands of years is characteristic for low relief tectonically active zones. The presented research demonstrates the significance of sedimentological analysis for reconstruction of tectonic evolution in areas with low slip rate activity.
•Depth profile exposure dating of 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl applied together with 14C dating.•Accumulation in the area was interrupted by two phases of incision at >1 Ma and 250–100 ka.•Reactivation of normal faults and topographic differentiation during 250–100 ka.•Overbank/channel fill ratio and alluvial/colluvial deposition changes driven by base level shifts.•Accumulation-incision alteration characteristic for moderate relief tectonically active zones.
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Applying geochemical proxies as measure for the weathering intensity of paleosols and sediments such as loess, the Quaternary scientist is confronted with various element ratios that have been ...proposed in literature. This paper gives an overview on the principle of geochemical weathering indices. Different types of indices are evaluated with respect to the suitability for loess–paleosol sequences, regarding the special characteristics of this type of sediments and paleosols. Case examples in this study are key sections in Southeastern and Eastern Europe: the loess–paleosol sequences Batajnica/Stari Slankamen (Serbia), Mircea Voda (Romania) and Stary Kaydaky (Ukraine), which represent archives of the Late and Mid-Pleistocene climate change of the region. Considering element behavior during weathering or diagenesis, the Chemical Proxy of Alteration (CPA) – i.e. the molar ratio Al
2O
3/(Al
2O
3 + Na
2O) × 100 – is proposed as the most appropriate index for silicate weathering. The CPA was evaluated against commonly used weathering indices including the “Chemical Index of Alteration” (CIA), the “Chemical Index of Weathering“ (CIW), the “Plagioclase Index of Alteration“ (PIA), the Index B of Kronberg and Nesbitt, and the Ba/Sr and Rb/Sr ratio. Depth profiles of “Sr-type indices” (e.g. Ba/Sr, Rb/Sr) are likely to be influenced by the dynamics of secondary carbonate. On the other hand, common “Na-type indices” (e.g. CIA, PIA, CIW) may suffer from uncertainties in separating carbonate–Ca from silicate–Ca or from biases due to K-fixation (illitization). The CPA is insensitive against such effects. Additionally, using the CPA (as with other Na-type indices) provides the possibility to evaluate the homogeneity of the parent material regarding the relevant host minerals via the A–CN–K diagram.
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A hydrothermal quartz vein with REE-U-Au mineralization in the Zimná Voda (Gemeric Unit, Western Carpathians, Slovakia) is associated with contact metamorphism between Permian granites and host ...phyllites and metaquartzites. It contains unique REE minerals of the monazite and xenotime groups. Monazite-(Ce), monazite-(Nd), monazite-(Sm), and Gd-dominant monazite "monazite-(Gd)", along with xenotime-(Y) to Gd-dominant xenotime "xenotime-(Gd)" and Gd-rich hingganite-(Y) show heterogeneous compositions and reflect a strong fractionation trend toward the enrichment of MREE (Sm to Dy), particularly Gd. Here, the gadolinium abundance reported in "monazite-(Gd)" (≤23.4 wt% Gd2O3) and Gd-rich xenotime-(Y) to "xenotime-(Gd)" (≤28.7 wt% Gd2O3) and accompanied by Gd-rich hingganite-(Y) (≤15.8 wt% Gd2O3), is among the highest Gd concentrations ever reported in natural minerals. The Gd-richest compositions show the following formulas: (Gd0.31Sm0.24 Nd0.15Ce0.10La0.05Dy0.03Y0.03...)0.98PO4 "monazite-(Gd)", (Gd0.36Y0.32Dy0.13Sm0.08Tb0.05...)0.98(P0.96As0.04)1.00 O4 "xenotime-(Gd)" and (Y0.71Gd0.43Dy0.23Sm0.22Tb0.06Er0.04Nd0.06...Ca0.06)1.9 6 (∎0.87Fe0.132+)1.00(Be1.82B0.18)2.00(Si1.90As0.10)2 . 00O8(OH1.70O0.30)2.00 hingganite-(Y). The MREE-rich monazites, xenotimes, and hingganite-(Y) precipitated in response to the alteration of primary uraninite, brannerite, and fluorapatite by low-temperature hydrothermal fluids of heterogeneous compositions on a microscale. These are responsible for the strong enrichment of individual MREE, especially Gd in the secondary minerals. This is accompanied by the advancing development of the W-type tetrad effect on REE through monazite species. The substantial incorporation of Gd into both REE-selective monazite and xenotime structures that are accompanied by LREE vs. HREE segregation indicates the possibility of differently sized REE3+ miscibility in REEPO4 solid solutions, as well as the stabilization of the Gd-rich orthophosphate structure by substitution of the remaining A-site cations with smaller HREE+Y in the xenotime-type, and/or larger LREE in the monazite-type structure.
U ovome radu provedena je analiza sustava za odvodnju oborinskih voda s područja Sveučilišnog kampusa u Rijeci. Pored klasičnog razdjelnog sustava, predložen je i održivi sustav odvodnje oborinskih ...voda. Učinkovitost ovog prijedloga procijenjena je pomoću hidrološko-hidrauličkog modela. Rezultati su pokazali da implementacija održivog sustava odvodnje oborinskih voda može značajno smanjiti otjecanje do razine kakvo je postajalo na slivu prije početka izgradnje.
In this paper, an analysis of the stormwater drainage system at the University Campus in Rijeka is conducted. In addition to the classic stormwater drainage system, a sustainable stormwater drainage system has been proposed. The efficiency of this proposal was evaluated using a hydrological-hydraulic model. The results show that the implementation of a sustainable stormwater drainage system can significantly reduce runoff to pre-development levels.
Uporaba mikroorganizama u obliku biofilma sve je češći način biološke obrade jer reaktori s biofilmom na nosačima daju zadovoljavajuće rezultate obrade otpadnih voda različitog podrijetla te se ...intenzivno istražuju i unaprjeđuju. Dizajn uređaja za obradu otpadnih voda, unaprjeđenje postojećih reaktora i njihove učinkovitosti te rješavanje problematičnih točaka pri obradi otpadnih voda olakšano je matematičkim modeliranjem pomoću dostupnih modela, ovisno o njegovoj svrsi. Modeliranje u praksi zahtijeva promišljanje i prilagodbu modelu i njegovim pretpostavkama te postaje nezamjenjiv dio modernih istraživanja i izgradnje sustava za obradu otpadne vode.
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Gjilan je grad na jugu Kosova kojem glavnu opskrbu pitkom vodom čini jezero Përlepnica. U jezeru su analizirani teški metali u sedimentu i vodi te fizikalno-kemijski parametri. Utvrđene prosječne ...koncentracije metala u sedimentu slijedile su niz: Mn (708,65 mg kg–1) > Zn (604,55 mg kg–1) > Pb (264,26 mg kg–1) > Cr (71,43 mg kg–1) > Cu (61,08 mg kg–1) > Ni (37,27 mg kg–1) > Cd (6,32 mg kg–1) > Fe (1,83 mg kg–1). Prosječne koncentracije metala u vodi slijedile su niz: Fe (0,295 mg l–1) > Zn (0,066 mg l–1) > Cu (0,020 mg l–1) > Cr (0,035 mg l–1) > Cd (0,003 mg l–1) > Mn (0,003 mg l–1). Koncentracije teških metala u sedimentu, kao što su Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb i Zn, nisu bile u skladu s kriterijima koji se primjenjuju za kontaminirana područja u Nizozemskoj, a koncentracije Fe i Cu u vodi nisu bile u skladu s direktivom EU 75/440.
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The loess-palaeosol sequence near Mircea Vodă (Dobrogea, SE Romania) is thought to comprise at least five glacial/interglacial cycles. It is considered as one of the most significant records of Late ...Quaternary environmental and climatic change in the region. Age information for the sequence was previously obtained through time–depth modeling of magnetic susceptibility data and optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) of fine silt-sized (4–11 μm) quartz. This study documents the granulometric properties of the sequence, and compares the OSL characteristics and age of fine sand-sized (63–90 μm) quartz to those of silt-sized quartz.
OSL signals from both sand and silt-sized quartz are dominated by a thermally-stable fast decaying component. A suite of laboratory test confirms that the single-aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol is suitable for these samples.
Each grain-size fraction yields a set of optical ages that is consistent with the stratigraphic position of the samples. The ages obtained using sand-sized grains, however, are up to 70% higher than those obtained using silt-sized quartz. The discrepancy in age results is not understood as, according to procedural tests, the OSL signal from both fractions should be suitable for dating the deposits. As such, it cannot be established whether the uppermost weakly-developed palaeosol was formed during MIS3 or MIS5 and if the rate of loess accumulation varied during the Last Glacial, only by using standard SAR-OSL techniques. Both sets of ages do confirm, however, that the first well-developed palaeosol (S1) is of Last Interglacial age.
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18.
Određivanje toksičnosti ksenobiotika u vodi Borojević, Tea; Ašperger, Danijela; Dolar, Davor
Kemija u industriji,
12/2018, Volume:
67, Issue:
13
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti toksičnost aktivnih supstancija navedenih na popisu praćenja za tvari za koje je potrebno praćenje diljem Unije u području vodne politike u skladu s europskom ...Direktivom 2008/105/EZ. To su makrolidni antibiotici, herbicidi, insekticidi, antioksidansi, nesteroidni antireumatici, estrogenski hormoni i sredstva za zaštitu od sunca. Primijenjena je brza i jednostavna bioanalitička metoda određivanja akutne ekotoksičnosti ksenobiotika u vodi bakterijom Vibrio fischeri. Navedena bakterija osjetljiva je na organska onečišćenja, odnosno dolazi do inhibicije rasta bakterije, što se očituje smanjenjem njezine prirodno urođene luminiscencije. U tim eksperimentima mjerila se inhibicija luminiscencije bakterije dodatkom različitih koncentracija otopina ksenobiotika. Mjerenja su pokazala kako svi ksenobiotici, osim 2-etil-heksil-6-metoksicinamata uzrokuju inhibiciju bakterijske kulture, a najtoksičniji je insekticid metiokarb.
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Otpadne vode tekstilne industrije pripadaju kategoriji najjače onečišćenih industrijskih otpadnih voda te su posebna opasnost za vodeni okoliš. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati membransku ...učinkovitost zadržavanja bojila iz tekstilne otpadne vode (TOV) s komercijalnim ultrafiltracijskim (UF) membranama (GH, GK, PT, PU, PW, MW) širokog područja graničnih molekulskih masa (MWCO), od 2 do 50 kDa. Testirane UF membrane rezultirale su smanjenjem obojenja i intenziteta obojenja od 56,35 % do 97,93 %. Membrane nižih MWCO vrijednosti (ispod 3 kDa) mogu se smatrati prikladnim za uklanjanje bojila iz realnog uzorka TOV-a.
Wastewater from the textile industry belongs to the category of the most polluted industrial wastewaters and poses a special danger to the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to examine the membrane retention efficiency of textile wastewater (TOV) with commercial ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (GH, GK, PT, PU, PW, MW) with a wide range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), 2–50 kDa. The tested UF membranes resulted in a reduction in colour and colour intensity from 56.35 % to 97.93 %. Membrane of lower MWCO values (below 3 kDa) may be suitable for removing dyes from the real TOV sample.
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Dosedanji poskusi celovite obravnave problematike vodovodne oskrbe v občini niso bili uspešni, največji problem pri upravljanju vodnih virov in načrtovanju njihove bodoče rabe pa so predvsem zelo ...pomanjkljive evidence. Zato so se za pripravo metodološkega pristopa, ki bi omogočil izdelavo kakovostnih strokovnih podlag za potrebe prostorskega načrtovanja in trajnostnega upravljanja z vodnimi viri, v okviru projekta Po kreativni poti do znanja Stanje in potenciali rabe vodnih virov na območju občine Vitanje s poudarkom na pitni vodi (H2O_Vitanje) povezali gospodarska družba Atelje Piano (Atelje krajinske arhitekture, Saša Piano s.p.), Občina Vitanje ter študenti in njihovi mentorji s treh fakultet: študenti geografije z Oddelka za geografijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, krajinske arhitekture Oddelka za krajinsko arhitekturo Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani ter Visoke šole za varstvo okolja iz Velenja. Projektno skupino je vodil Oddelek za geografijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
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