Building Automation Using Wireless Sensor Networks Agumadu, Chidozie; Lata, Suma; Jaiswal, Shiva Pujan
Macromolecular symposia.,
February 2023, 2023-02-00, 20230201, Volume:
407, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The use of wireless senor networks in building automation is gaining popularity so as to improve the safety, security, and energy efficiency of the buildings. The automation solution will differ as ...per the type of building. In this paper, authors have proposed three wireless sensor network (WSN) based automation solutions for buildings of different sizes. First strategy has been proposed for a small building using a single network. Second one is for a large building complex using multiple networks and third strategy is for building automation solution for local individual control. For building automation both monitoring and control of the parameters of interest are required. Authors have implemented first strategy in a small room of 501.9 m length and 410.9 m breadth. The humidity temperature and pressure (HTP) and TL sensor nodes of Eigen Technologies Ltd. have been used in this research work. HTP sensor node has been used for monitoring of humidity, temperature, and pressure. However, for the monitoring of luminosity TL sensor node has been chosen. Four sensor nodes of each type have been placed at appropriate locations in the selected room. Finally, a general control strategy for the temperature control has been proposed for the control of the building automation of a small building.
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In recent years, crowdsourcing approaches have been proposed to record the WiFi signals annotated with the location of the reference points (RPs) extracted from the trajectories of common users to ...reduce the burden of constructing a fingerprint (FP) database for indoor positioning. However, crowdsourced data is usually sensitive to crowd density. The positioning accuracy degrades in some areas due to a lack of FPs or visitors. To improve the positioning performance, this paper proposes a scalable WiFi FP augmentation method with two major modules: virtual reference point generation (VRPG) and spatial WiFi signal modeling (SWSM). A globally self-adaptive (GS) and a locally self-adaptive (LS) approach are proposed in VRPG to determine the potential unsurveyed RPs. A multivariate Gaussian process regression (MGPR) model is designed to estimate the joint distribution of all WiFi signals and predicts the signals on unsurveyed RPs to generate more FPs. Evaluations are conducted on an open-source crowdsourced WiFi FP dataset based on a multi-floor building. The results show that combining GS and MGPR can improve the positioning accuracy by 5% to 20% from the benchmark, but with halved computation complexity compared to the conventional augmentation approach. Moreover, combining LS and MGPR can sharply reduce 90% of the computation complexity against the conventional approach while still providing moderate improvement in positioning accuracy from the benchmark.
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The use of public wireless access points (APs) has likely increased with the rise of wireless devices such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, etc. These devices make it easy for people to access ...the internet while on the go, and public Wi-Fi hotspots can provide a convenient way to do so. Even though public Wi-Fi networks provide free access to the internet as opposed to mobile data plans or data roaming, the use of public Wi-Fi hotspots can also pose risks to the security and privacy of users. Public Wi-Fi hotspots are often unsecured, meaning that anyone on the same network can potentially see the data being transmitted. This paper serves two main goals — to determine the risk awareness among users of public Wi-Fi networks and whether they still decide to connect to these networks when they are made aware of the possible risks to their data. For this purpose, we set up an experimental free wireless AP across three different locations for a total of 10 non-consecutive days and found that people mostly connected to use social media apps and search engines. After conducting these experiments and gathering sufficient data, we informed the users about their leaked credentials, and private data and observed their risk awareness and behavioral changes after being exposed to these risks. We found out that our findings align with the protection motivation theory (PMT) and heuristic approach.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is critical to estimate the location using only Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) and Wi‐Fi information gathered by the user's smartphone and deployable for emergency rescue, regardless of whether the ...Global Positioning System is received. In this research, we used a vehicle to gather LTE and Wi‐Fi wireless signals over a large area for an extended period of time. After that, we used the learning technique to create a positioning database that included both collection and noncollection points. We presented a two‐step positioning algorithm that utilizes coarse localization to discover a rough location in a wide area rapidly and fine localization to estimate a particular location based on the coarse position. We confirmed our technology utilizing different sorts of devices in four regional types that are generally encountered: dense urban, urban, suburban, and rural. Results presented that our algorithm can satisfactorily achieve the target accuracy necessary in emergency rescue circumstances.
A compact dual-band multibeam antenna system with high gain is presented for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) Wi-Fi application. The antenna system is composed of four rotationally symmetric ...antenna panels occupying a compact size of 60 × 200 × 7.2 mm3. Two series-fed microstrip patch antenna (MPA) arrays are proposed to operate at the 5-GHz band. They are fed with ±90° phase difference signals for two directional radiation patterns with about 45° horizontal 3-dB beamwidth and distinct radiation directions. Two dual-function metasurface based on periodically loaded parallel lines is designed and compactly placed between the two MPA arrays. The metasurface works as a 2.4-GHz antenna with about 90° 3-dB beamwidth in the azimuth. Besides, the application of metasurface improves the gains at the 5-GHz band. Then, four antenna panels are placed in a rotating arrangement with an electric size of 0.59λL × 0.59λL × 1.57λL (λL is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency). The antenna system was manufactured and demonstrated the characteristics of 360° pattern coverage in azimuth and high gain. The measured average gains are respectively higher than 8 dB and 12 dB at the 2.4-and 5-GHz bands.
Large-scale multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization has recently been the focus of intense research in indoor localization based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting. Although significant progress has ...been made in developing indoor localization algorithms, few studies are dedicated to the critical issues of using existing and constructing new Wi-Fi fingerprint databases, especially for large-scale multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization. In this paper, we first identify the challenges in using and constructing Wi-Fi fingerprint databases for large-scale multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization and then provide our recommendations for those challenges based on a case study of the UJIIndoorLoc database, which is the most popular publicly available Wi-Fi fingerprint multi-building and multi-floor database. Through the case study, we investigate its statistical characteristics with a focus on the three aspects of (1) the properties of detected wireless access points, (2) the number, distribution and quality of labels, and (3) the composition of the database records. We then identify potential issues and ways to address them using the UJIIndoorLoc database. Based on the results from the case study, we not only provide valuable insights on the use of existing databases but also give important directions for the design and construction of new databases for large-scale multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization in the future.
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Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has become an indispensable element of smart industrial facilities, predicted to continue to grow at a rapid rate. Wireless technologies have become a standard ...part of today’s industrial facilities with applications including programming and control of electric drives, remote system and environment monitoring and fault diagnostics of industrial equipment. However, installation of physical connections can be time consuming and require substantial economic resources, especially when considering long-term maintenance costs. With that regard, IoT applications that use sensor technology, RFID technology, network communication, data mining and machine learning could prove to be quite efficient in solving the previously presented problem of localization. A new indoor localization algorithm has been introduced based on recurring neural networks (RNNs) for the positioning of indoor devices. Experiments were conducted in relatively complex surroundings of a faculty building. According to experimental results, the presented system surpasses the state-of-the-art algorithms and can achieve 98.6% localization accuracy of indoor devices.
The objective of this paper is to build up a LoRa-based smart agricultural management and monitoring system using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in rural areas, in order to replace the current ...technology of the agricultural monitoring system. A private network server is created and interfaced with a gateway that collects data or signals from end nodes and transmits the data to the cloud without the use of routers. The data can be used for end user application. The network interface is fulfilled by LoRa by solving communication failure problems and energy saving data transmission. This intelligent agriculture platform improves the efficiency of agricultural techniques.
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We study the fair coexistence of scheduled and random access transmitters sharing the same frequency channel. Interest in coexistence is topical due to the need for emerging unlicensed LTE ...technologies to coexist fairly with WiFi. However, this interest is not confined to LTE/WiFi as coexistence is likely to become increasingly commonplace in IoT networks and beyond 5G. In this paper, we show that mixing scheduled and random access incurs an inherent throughput/delay cost and the cost of heterogeneity. We derive the joint proportional fair rate allocation, which casts useful light on current LTE/WiFi discussions. We present experimental results on inter-technology detection and consider the impact of imperfect carrier sensing.
To provide diverse in-home services like elderly care, versatile activity recognition technology is essential. Radio-based methods, including WiFi CSI, RFID, and backscatter communication, are ...preferred due to their minimal privacy intrusion, reduced physical burden, and low maintenance costs. However, these methods face challenges, including environmental dependence, proximity limitations between the device and the user, and untested accuracy amidst various radio obstacles such as furniture, appliances, walls, and other radio waves. In this paper, we propose a frequency-shift backscatter tag-based in-home activity recognition method and test its feasibility in a near-real residential setting. Consisting of simple components such as antennas and switches, these tags facilitate ultra-low power consumption and demonstrate robustness against environmental noise because a context corresponding to a tag can be obtained by only observing frequency shifts. We implemented a sensing system consisting of SD-WiFi, a software-defined WiFi AP, and physical switches on backscatter tags tailored for detecting the movements of daily objects. Our experiments demonstrate that frequency shifts by tags can be detected within a 2 m range with 72% accuracy under the line of sight (LoS) conditions and achieve a 96.0% accuracy (F-score) in recognizing seven typical daily living activities with an appropriate receiver/transmitter layout. Furthermore, in an additional experiment, we confirmed that increasing the number of overlaying packets enables frequency shift-detection even without LoS at distances of 3–5 m.
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