In the spring of this year, a series of draft laws were adopted in Latvia with the purpose of introduction of the national defence service (compulsory service) in the country. Among the draft laws ...were also amendments to the Law on the Official Electronic Addresses, which stipulated the obligation for young people who have reached the age of 15 to create an official electronic address. This amendment caused sharp discussions in the Defence, Internal Affairs and Corruption Prevention Committee (hereinafter referred to as the responsible committee) of the Saeima and was rejected by the committee. The purpose of the article is to assess whether the above amendments that provide the use of information technology for the state's direct (without parental involvement) communication with a 15-year-old person in order to explain to him/her his/her rights and duties violate the rights of the child. The historical, analytical, systemic and teleological method has been used in the preparation of article.
The article is aimed at introducing the reader to the issue of the death of a child in the prenatal period and explaining difficult theological and moral aspects. The following issues are discussed: ...(1) The death of a child in the prenatal period, (2) The moral delimmas of the mother after her baby’s death (3) The duty to respect the body of a deceased child, (4) The moral duty to support the bereaved family. Miscarriage is most often due to a chromosomal abnormality (approximately 60–80% of cases) or other embryo/ foetal problems and is rarely based on choices made by women. After the death of the child, one must remember to respect the corpse. The basic moral obligation towards the deceased body is its dignified burial. The funeral of a stillborn child is not only an expression of the respect for the deceased child, but also is important for the family. It is very often the key to going through the mourning, and the basis of Christian comfort. The presented article will help the reader better understand the problems of the family after the loss of a child, provide answers to the moral dilemmas arising in this context and to teach the right attitudes towards people experiencing mourning after the loss of a loved one.
Pregnancy for a woman is a period of transformation of her personal, professional, sexual, gender, bodily and other identities. The state of bearing a child is a crisis stage in the formation of a ...woman’s personality. In wartime this crisis may intensify, which requires scientifically based research in the context of women’s reproductive health and the demographic policy of Ukraine.The objective: to study the image of the future child in women in the III trimester of pregnancy during martial law in relation to women’s reproductive health.Materials and methods. 180 pregnant women, most of whom were aged 24–29 years and were officially married and had no children, were examined using a questionnaire, a color test of attitudes by O. M. Atkind and the method of semantic differential by C. Osgood. 90 women who were registered in Vinnytsia and Vinnytsia region at the time of the survey took part in the study, and 90 women – in city of Zaporizhzhia and Zaporizhzhia region.To determine the relationship between women’s perceptions of themselves, the child, and the husband, Pearson’s r correlation coefficients were calculated in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics - Early Access, and the Kruskel–Wallis H test was also used.Results. Research conducted among women living in Vinnytsia and Vinnytsia region established that the attitude of pregnant women to themselves affects the attitude to the child (p=0.772), to the pregnancy (p=0.162), to the family (p=0.599) and to the child’s father (p=0.923). A statistically significant relationship was found between the pregnant woman’s attitude towards herself and her children (p=0.001), as well as between her attitude towards herself and motherhood (p=0.022). That is, the type of emotional attitude of a pregnant woman to herself affects the type of attitude towards children and motherhood. By having a positive attitude towards themselves, women have a positive attitude towards children and towards motherhood.Also, with the help of the Kruskel–Wallis H test, the trend of the influence of the attitude towards the child depending on the age of the woman was revealed (XI=7.424; df=3; p=0.060), the trend of the influence of the level of education of the pregnant woman on her perception of pregnancy (XI 10.373; df=5; p =0.065). The correlation between the categories “I am a child” is r=0.676; between “father-child” categories - r=0.528; between “I am the father of the child” - r=0.439. At df=30, these indicators are significant.It should be noted that among the three indicators, the highest level of significance was found between the categories “I am a child”. A comparative analysis of the obtained data between groups of women from the Vinnytsia and Zaporizhzhia regions as research participants from regions of Ukraine with different levels of security, that is, with active hostilities and relatively calm regions, shows specific differences, the description of which is given in the text of this article.Conclusions. The results obtained in this study among women from two regions of Ukraine (Vinnytsia and the region and Zaporizhzhia and the region) prove that the identified peculiarities of the attitude of women in the III trimester of pregnancy can be determined by their place of residence during wartime. The importance of forming a positive attitude towards the child in pregnant women in the III trimester of pregnancy in wartime conditions and the need to develop appropriate programs of medical, social and psychological assistance have been proven.The obtained results confirm the need to provide complex medical and psychological assistance to pregnant women in wartime in order to strengthen women’s reproductive health. This assistance should be targeted according to the region of residence of the women, which, as the results of the study showed, determines the characteristics of the attitude of pregnant women to the child (a sample of pregnant women from Vinnytsia and Zaporizhzhia regions, respectively).At the individual level the help should be directed at a woman’s values, motivations and beliefs about the value of her own life and the life of her future child. Emotional support should include encouraging pregnant women to openly express their feelings through verbal and non-verbal means, teaching them to accept help from others, and self-help to ensure emotional well-being. The psychophysical level of care involves teaching expectant mothers to regulate their functional and mental state using such methods as autogenic training, art therapy, and body-oriented therapy in stressful situations.
Вагітність для жінки є періодом трансформації її особистісної, професійної, сексуальної, гендерної, тілесної та інших ідентичностей. Стан виношування дитини є кризовим етапом у становленні особистості жінки. У воєнний час ця кризовість може посилюватися, що потребує науково обґрунтованих досліджень у контексті репродуктивного здоров’я жінки та демографічної політики України.Мета дослідження: вивчення образу майбутньої дитини у жінок у ІІІ триместрі вагітності під час воєнного стану у контексті їхнього репродуктивного здоров’я. Матеріали та методи. За допомогою анкетування, кольорового тесту ставлень О. М. Еткінда та методики семантичного диференціалу Ч. Осгуда обстежено 180 вагітних, більшість з яких були у віці 24–29 років та знаходилися в офіційному шлюбі й не мали дітей. У дослідженні взяли участь 90 жінок, які на час обстеження були зареєстровані у Вінниці та Вінницькій області, а 90 жінок – у місті Запоріжжя та Запорізькій області. Для визначення взаємозв’язку між уявленнями жінок про себе, дитину та чоловіка здійснювали підрахунок коефіцієнтів кореляції r Пірсона у статистичній програмі IBM SPSS Statistics – Early Access, також застосовували критерій Н Краскела–Волліса. Результати. Дослідження, проведені у жінок, які мешкають у Вінниці та Вінницькій області, встановили, що ставлення вагітних до себе впливає на ставлення до дитини (p=0,772), до вагітності (p=0,162), до сім’ї (p=0,599) та до батька дитини (p=0,923). Статистично значущий зв’язок виявлено між ставленням вагітної до себе та до дітей (р=0,001), а також між ставленням до себе та до материнства (p=0,022). Тобто тип емоційного ставлення вагітної до себе впливає на тип ставлення до дітей та до материнства. Позитивно ставлячись до себе, жінки позитивно ставляться до дітей та до материнства. Також за допомогою критерію Н Краскела–Волліса виявлено тенденцію впливу ставлення до дитини залежно від віку жінки (ХІ=7,424; df=3; p=0,060), тенденцію впливу рівня освіти вагітної на сприйняття нею вагітності (ХІ 10,373; df=5; p=0,065). Кореляція між категоріями «я – дитина» становить r=0,676; між категоріями «батько–дитина» – r=0,528; між «я – батько дитини» – r=0,439. За df=30 ці показники є значущими. Слід зазначити, що серед трьох показників найбільший рівень значущості виявлено між категоріями «я – дитина». Порівняльний аналіз отриманих даних між групами жінок з Вінницького та Запорізького регіону як учасниць дослідження з різних за ступенем безпеки областей України, тобто з активними бойовими діями та відносно спокійних областей, свідчить про конкретні відмінності, опис яких подано у тексті цієї статті. Висновки. Результати, отримані у даному дослідженні у жінок з двох регіонів України (Вінниця та область і Запоріжжя та область), доводять, що виявлені особливості ставлення жінок у ІІІ триместрі вагітності можуть бути зумовлені місцем їхнього проживання у воєнний час. Доведено важливість формування позитивного ставлення до дитини у вагітних у ІІІ триместрі гестації в умовах воєнного часу та необхідність розроблення відповідних програм медико-соціальної та психологічної допомоги. Отримані результати підтверджують необхідність надання комплексної медико-психологічної допомоги вагітним у воєнний час з метою зміцнення репродуктивного здоров’я жінок. Ця допомога має визначатися адресно відповідно до регіону проживання жінок, що, як продемонстрували результати дослідження, визначає особливості ставлення вагітних до дитини (вибірка вагітних відповідно з Вінниччини та Запоріжжя і області). На індивідуальному рівні допомога має бути спрямована на цінності, мотивацію та переконання жінки щодо цінності її власного життя та життя її майбутньої дитини. Підтримка на емоційному рівні має включати заохочення вагітних до відкритого вираження своїх почуттів за допомогою вербальних і невербальних засобів, навчання їх приймати допомогу від інших, а також самодопомоги для забезпечення емоційного благополуччя. Психофізичний рівень допомоги передбачає навчання майбутніх матерів регулювати свій функціональний і психічний стан за допомогою таких методів, як аутогенне тренування, арт-терапія, тілесно-орієнтована терапія у стресових ситуаціях.
Adolescents with chronic pain can at times present with disability out of proportion to diagnostic workup. This is also a defining feature of medical child abuse (MCA). The aim of this study was to ...identify themes from the clinical narratives of adolescents with chronic pain that may indicate concern for MCA. This qualitative, retrospective study at an academic children's hospital between 2011 and 2019 identified 37 adolescents aged 13–18 years old with chronic pain and varying levels of concern for MCA. Conventional, inductive content analysis was used to identify themes from the medical records of all patients, which were reviewed by an interdisciplinary panel of experts. Themes were organised into three tiers related to the level of concern for MCA: ‘Green zone’ themes including fatigue or sleep problems, psychosocial distress, and social withdrawal were common among all patients. ‘Yellow zone’ themes including fragmented care, caregiver catastrophising, caregiver misrepresentation, medical provider exasperation, and sick identity were more common among patients in whom medical providers raised concern for MCA. A single ‘red zone’ theme, reportable harm to the child, was only present in patients diagnosed by a child abuse paediatrician as having MCA. A visual display of the results is provided for further research and clinical application.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The article reveals the factors determining the peculiarities of the legal concept “child”. The author gives a brief description of the biological, psychological and social characteristics of this ...period of human life. It is substantiated that the legal concept of childhood should be correlated with these factors. Taking into account these factors, the main features of the legal status (position) of the child in various types of legal relations are highlighted.
Research Framework: In the Indian context, the study of non-parenthood has long been approached only from the angle of infertility, itself associated with poor living conditions affecting ...reproductive health. However, recent studies suggest a shift within the childless population, with a growing proportion of individuals renouncing parenthood. To this day, their experiences are still rarely studied.Objectives : Our research examines the role of the Internet and social media as a space for negotiating the identity of childfree people. We analyze how these individuals construct a counter-discourse to the dominant norms and identify the strategies put in place to resist them.Methodology: Data are extracted from the ChildfreeIndia subreddit, an online platform allowing interactions between childfree individuals. Valence and thematic analysis are both employed to examine the posts and/or comments available on the group. The results are discussed in the light of theories of stigmatization and resistance.Results: The group discussions are characterized by their benevolence. Four main themes were explored: partner, reasons for not wanting children, negative consequences of being childfree, and sterilization. Identity work and resistance in social interactions are the two types of strategies used to counteract procreative normativity.Conclusion : The development of a collective identity and the exchange of interactional strategies are central to managing and resisting stigmatization. These practices are transformative and provide members with legitimacy and empowerment.Contribution : Adding to the limited body of literature on people who forgo parenthood in the world’s most populous country, our research focuses more broadly on understanding the experiences of childfree people and whether/how they can manage or even resist stigmatization.
Problem definition. The uncertainty of the consequences of situations related to stressful situations for the child's psyche actualizes the issue of introducing new approaches, methods and tools of ...psychological influence that would contribute to the preschooler's ability to overcome stress in a constructive way. Problem analysis. Childhood psychological trauma leaves its mark on the subconscious, can shape a person's worldview, beliefs, and identification of the self. And since trauma affects the levels of primary safety, it creates very powerful patterns in the mind. Signs of childhood trauma include mood swings, guilt, anxiety, feelings of abandonment, confusion and impaired concentration, and withdrawal. The conceptualization of traumatic experience is widely presented in scientific literature: theories of traumatic emotional experience (O.S. Kocharyan, R. Lanius, M. Massey, R. Hammer), conceptual foundations of the subverbal model of client-centered psychotherapy (O.S. Kocharyan), theories and typologies of infantile traumas (Johnson St. M., Burbo L., etc.), theoretical positions of procedural-experiential and emotionally-focused psychotherapy (Greenberg L. and Elliott R.), psychoanalytic theory according to Freud Z., ideas about the formation of early maladaptive schemes (Boterhoven de H., Christopher W., Fassbinder E., Hayes C., Katrina L., Yong J.) and others. However, solving many complex problems remains relevant, one of which includes psychological assistance to the most vulnerable population groups in extreme situations, one of which includes children and work with current traumatic experiences. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a multifunctional tool for working with childhood trauma in conditions of long-term traumatic circumstances. Conclusions. The stories about Hibuki, through which the child identified with the hero of the story, contribute to the restoration of internal mechanisms of the psyche, which help the process of restoring the child's psychological health. A psychologist can use these stories both to rehabilitate a child's psyche and to diagnose his or her emotional state.
Objective: The death of a child is undoubtedly the most arduous encounter for a mother in her lifetime, and it elicits numerous psychological detriments. Specifically, the death of a child resulting ...from cancer carries its own set of challenges. Analyzing the lived experience of these mothers can serve as a means to identify and comprehend their grief, thus becoming the foundation for efficacious interventions. Consequently, the objective of the present investigation was to scrutinize the lived experiences of grieving mothers whose children had succumbed to cancer. Methods: The current research was conducted utilizing a qualitative and phenomenological approach. The sampling technique employed was purposive, encompassing a maximum variation sampling. The study included a total of 13 bereaved mothers residing in Yazd city, who had lost their children to cancer. The methodology employed for data collection involved semi-structured interviews. Results: Subsequent to conducting the interviews and documenting them, each recorded session was transcribed and examined utilizing Colaizzi's method. This process yielded six primary themes and twenty-four secondary themes through the analysis of the data. The primary themes comprised emotional experience, physical experience, cognitive experience, challenging experience, the meaning of life, and avoidance. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the nature of the grief experienced by mothers, and these themes have the potential to facilitate effective interventions aimed at mitigating the symptoms of grief.
Formulation of the problem. It is stated that in Ukraine inclusive education is provided by an inclusive school - an educational institution where a physical environment is created as well as ...curricula and plans are implemented, teaching methods and forms are used, resources and specialists are involved to provide educational services according to every child's needs. Accordingly, there is a problem of defining and specifying the functions and responsibilities of professionals being at work in such an institution.
Materials and methods. Methods of theoretical analysis and comparison are applied. Approaches to involving a teacher's assistant in the process of providing support to children with special educational needs in foreign countries are analyzed. The experience of teacher's assistant work in inclusive educational institutions of Ukraine is also described.
Results. It is noted that the level of social inclusion is an indicator of the civilization of society, a criterion of its democracy and humanistic orientation. The introduction of inclusive education guarantees the realization of the right to study at the place of residence, which provides an opportunity to be integrated into society on a common basis, to have support from family, friends, small social groups in which the primary socialization of the individual occurs. Thus, inclusive education is one of the main ways of social inclusion. It is determined that the policy of different countries in the field of inclusive education is determined by the social problems that dominate in a particular country in a given period. It was found that the tasks and functions of a teacher's assistant in different countries differ and depend on the specific problems that arise in the process of inclusive education of children with special educational needs. The work of a teacher's assistant in foreign countries is not limited to supporting children with disabilities in the educational process, but can also be aimed at supporting children from different ethnic and linguistic communities, children of refugees and migrants, etc. The basic principles of professional activity of such specialists in Ukraine are also described.
Conclusions. The conclusion is made about the need to improve the system of assistance within the inclusive education in Ukraine. This system must be flexible and dynamic and adapt to the real needs of the pupil and the demands of the teacher. The use of foreign experience in defining the job responsibilities of a teacher's assistant in every individual case, the distribution of roles will increase the effectiveness of the process of inclusive education of children with special educational needs.
This child suffered three episodes of choledocholithiasis; but what makes her case so interesting is that the stones were passing through an anomalous communication from gallbladder to common hepatic ...duct. Biliary ductal anatomy is notoriously aberrant, a phenomenon which this case exemplifies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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