One third of the residential buildings in Switzerland were built in the period from 1946 to 1980. Due to this large number buildings from the mentioned time period shape appearance of urban districts ...decisively in many Swiss cities. As these buildings do not fulfill current standards regarding energy efficiency, heat protection and sound insulation have to be renovated in the years ahead. To preserve the cityscape the renovation measures should be done with care and the outer appearance of the individual buildings should not be changed to a large extent.
A research project with the title “Energetic and acoustic renovation of residential buildings of the 1950s to the 1970s” was carried out by the Department of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering of the Bern University of Applied Science (BFH AHB). The research project's objective was to reduce the lack of knowledge regarding the existing state of buildings from the mentioned time period in terms of energy performance and sound insulation. By means of statistical data, covering the residential building stock of the commune of Biel, reference building types for the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s were determined. In collaboration with housing cooperatives from Biel three representative residential buildings were selected and documented, one for each decade. As part of detailed structural survey of the existing buildings the energetic and acoustic values and properties regarding the reference building of the 1950s as well as the reference building of the 1960s were determined. Amongst other things the constructions of the components were inspected in a non-destructive way and the heat transfer coefficients of the heat transferring components were calculated. Blower door tests to evaluate the air tightness of the building envelopes as well as acoustic measurements for determining the impact sound protection and the protection against airborne noise were done. Within the research project exemplary concepts for gentle energetic and acoustic renovations were developed for the two reference buildings. In this paper the research project's results with main focus on the reference building of the 1950s are presented.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper investigates the material characteristics of diffusers for acoustical renovation of existing small performing spaces. Consideration is given to acoustical effects on sound fields through ...the practical cases of two performing halls: the Chamber Hall (450 seats) and the M-Theater (630 seats) in the Sejong Performing Arts Center, Seoul. The Chamber Hall was completely refurbished into a recital hall from its previous shape of a rectangular conference space. The saw-tooth shaped wall diffuser profile in the Chamber Hall was designed using glass-fiber reinforced concrete for mid-frequency sound diffusion. The M-Theater was renovated as a live and intimate space for dramatic performances with a design that included more seats on the upper floors and additional spaces above ceiling reflectors. The vertically-patterned diffuser profile with protruded cubic surfaces in the M-Theater was designed using glass-fiber reinforced gypsum for sound diffusion in the major speech frequency range. Designed diffuser profiles were evaluated for both halls by measurements of scattering and diffusion coefficients of the 1:10 scale model diffusers. The effects of diffusers in both halls were also investigated by covering the lateral walls close to the stages with reflective materials to control diffusive surfaces. As a result, spatial uniformity increased with diffusive wall profiles in both halls.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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