Al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa and Speech Acts Osman Muzaffer FİDAN
Din ve Bilim Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi,
06/2023, Volume:
6, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The Qur'an invites people to accept a certain belief and live the belief requested to be accepted as a certain way of life. Therefore, basically, the Qur'an is a book that can be read and understood ...by people. Along with the fact that the Qur'an is a book that can be understood, it has been discussed in the traditions of tafsir and kalam whether the letters at the beginning of the twenty-nine chapters known as “al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa” are meaningful expressions. While some Muslim scholars have said that the letters in question have no meaning, others stated that the letters in question are meaningful expressions, considering that there is no meaninglessness in the Book of Allah. The Qur'an, which invites its addressees to accept a certain way of life and gives orders and advice to its interlocutors in this direction, performs an abundance and variety of speech acts. In addition to discussing whether “al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa” has a meaning or not, it should also be determined whether they have made any verbal action towards their addressees. Speech acts are the verbs that the speaker performs or aims to bring through his/her expressions during a speech. The reason for the verbal verbs that the speaker performs/aims to fulfill in his speech is to do some work and actions for the addressee/listener of the speaker or to make him do it. These verbal actions are performed by the speaker in a speaking environment, primarily to inform the speaker about some propositional situations as the initiator of the conversation, to ensure that the addressee fulfills some orders and stays away from some prohibitions, and to prevent the speaker from some internal situations that he or she has during the speech to inform the addressee and to attract the attention of the addressee, to wait for what he said to be accepted as true by the addressee, to explain to the addressee the situations that he will assume certain responsibilities in the future, and to take the necessary responsibilities. Speech act theory is a theory that explains what the speaker's verbal performances are, how an oral performance can be successful, what the conditions of success are, and what conditions are violated by possible unsuccessful performances in the twentieth century. Although the speech act theory was first developed in the twentieth century by J. L. Austin, it is a theory of everyday language that has been criticized and developed from various aspects, especially by his student J. R. Searle and other philosophers and linguists. Since the last century, when the theory of speech acts was put forward, it has been intensively studied and developed by philosophy, religious sciences, linguistics, and other sciences. The application studies of the theory of speech acts in the language of religion are also the subject of many studies in the West, although it is only recently known in our country. This article shall try to determine whether the letters in question perform any speech acts, considering the data of speech acts; if they are performing a verbal act, it is aimed to show which of them are. Whether the letters have a speech act or not, if they contain a speech act, what these acts are has been examined within the framework of J. L. Austin and J. R. Searle's understandings of speech act.
A combination of two classic discussions in New Testament scholarship, the contributions in this volume shed light on the still unsolved synoptic problem by using the well-coined concept of rewriting ...to describe the relationship between the synoptic gospels. The contributions work with the hypothesis that the synoptic tradition can be conceived of as a process of rewriting: Matthew rewrote Mark and Luke rewrote Mark and Matthew. This approach to the synoptic problem dismantles the grounds for the otherwise widely accepted two-source theory. If it can be shown that Luke knew Matthew’s Gospel the Q-hypothesis is superfluous. One group of articles focuses on the general question of Luke’s literary relation to the other gospels. In these essays, the concept of rewriting describes Luke’s use of his sources. The second part of the collection examines a number of texts in order to shown how Luke rewrites specific passages. In the final section the contributions concern Luke’s relation to Roman authorities. It is shown that Luke’s literary creativity is not limited to his predecessors in the gospel tradition. Rewriting is his literary strategy.
This research aimed to find out the expressive speech acts uttered by the characters in Love at First Swipe web series. The data were taken from the related utterances found in the dialogues of the ...web series. The data were analyzed by using the expressive speech acts theorized by Searle (1979) & Ilie & Norrick (2018). This research applied the observational method and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto (2015) for collecting the data. This research also applied the pragmatics equalizing method to analyze the data. As the results, there were 15 utterances of expressive speech acts found in the Love at First Swipe web series. However, there were only 2 types of expressive act not found in the utterances, they were deploring and condoling. The other expressive speech act types were found with 3 data of thanking, 2 data of apologizing, 1 data of congratulating, 8 data of complimenting, and 1 data of welcoming. Thus, the most common type of expressive speech act found in the Love at First Swipe web series was complimenting.
Should judges defer to administrative decisions? This book examines how the common law of judicial review has responded to the development of the administrative state in three different common law ...jurisdictions-the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada-over the past one hundred years.
How do children learn the meanings of propositional attitude verbs? We argue that children use information contained in both syntactic distribution and pragmatic function to zero in on the ...appropriate meanings. Specifically, we identify a potentially universal link between semantic subclasses of attitude verbs, their syntactic distribution and the kinds of indirect speech acts they can be used to perform. As a result, children can use the syntax as evidence about the meaning, which in turn constrains the kinds of pragmatic enrichments they do and do not make in understanding these verbs in conversation.
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Este estudio tiene por objetivo caracterizar la producción científica mundial sobre actos de habla en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science desde enero del año 2000 a junio del año 2022. Para el ...análisis bibliométrico se utilizaron los programas Bibliometrix R, Publish or Perish v. 8.1 y VOSwiever. Los resultados evidencian una mayor producción en Scopus, en tanto que los picos de mayor producción se presentaron en los años 2010 y 2015. A partir del año 2017 se observa un crecimiento constante de la producción sobre el tema.
This paper provides some new insights into the dual function of expressive speech acts discussed in pragmatic theory as either expressions of genuine emotions or conventionalised acts of courtesy. ...Drawing on the framework of interpersonal pragmatics, it analyses signs displayed on the doors of closed businesses in Athens and London during the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic. These closure signs are characterised by a heavy use of relational features, including four expressive speech acts, namely greetings, apologies, thanks and wishes, which form the focus of the analysis. The relational work performed by these speech acts reflects the social changes brought about by the pandemic as well as the business owners’ attempts to retain their customers. The expressive speech acts featured on the signs are evaluated against the norms set out by the genre of closure signs. The comparative angle of the study, on the other hand, links the discussion to norms related to the display of emotions and to the use of conventionalised formulae in the two countries under study, thus revealing culture-specific perspectives on the dual function of expressive speech acts.
•Covid-19 signage displayed during the first lockdown contains numerous expressive speech acts performing relational work.•The functions of greetings, apologies, thanks and wishes on these signs are compared to their use on standard closure signs.•Expressive speech acts are more frequent and more effusive on signs found in the UK than on signs found in Greece.•The use of expressive speech acts as either expressions of emotions or formulaic acts of courtesy is culture-specific.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The geographies of speech has become stuck in a form of interpretation which considers the potentially infinite detail of spoken performances understood within their equally infinitely complex ...contexts. This paper offers a way forward by considering the uses, critiques and reworkings of J.L. Austin’s speech act theory by those who study everyday talk, by deconstructionists and critical theorists, and by Bruno Latour in his AIME (‘An Inquiry into Modes of Existence’) project. This offers a rethinking of speech acts in terms of power and space, and a series of ontological differentiations between forms of utterances and enunciations beyond human speech.
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