Physical exercise has demonstrated the potential to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although the results are limited. The objective of this meta-analysis is to synthesize the existing ...evidence on the impact of physical exercise on cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted. The study included controlled clinical trials on patients with schizophrenia that received physical exercise as the intervention for improving cognition. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the outcomes were reported using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI).
A total of 22 articles, including 1066 patients (565 in the intervention group and 501 in the control group), were included in the final analysis. Physical exercises significantly improved global cognition (SMD: 0.73, 95 % CI (0.46–1.00), P < 0.001), and aerobic exercise was found to have a more significant effect than resistance and mindfulness exercise (SMD: 0.76, 95 % CI (0.45–1.07), P < 0.001). The speed of processing SMD: 0.88, 95 % CI (0.37–1.38), P = 0.001, attention SMD: 0.61, 95 % CI (0.20–1.02), P = 0.004, and visual learning memory SMD: 1.42, 95 % CI (0.14–2.71), P = 0.03 demonstrated significant improvement after physical exercise, while no significant effects were observed on working memory, verbal learning memory, reasoning and problem-solving, and social cognition.
Exercise can improve overall cognitive function in people with Schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this improvement is significant in specific cognitive domains.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Skeletal muscle aging in rats is a reduction in skeletal muscle mass caused by a decrease in the number or volume of skeletal muscle myofibers. Apoptosis has been recognized to play a key role in ...accelerating the process of skeletal muscle aging in rats. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a widely expressed oxidoreductase system that controls the cellular reduction/oxidation state and has both potent anti-free radical damage and important pro-growth and apoptosis inhibitory functions. Previous studies have shown that exercise delays skeletal muscle aging. However, it is unclear whether exercise attenuates skeletal muscle aging via the Trx system. Therefore, the present study used the Trx system as an entry point to explore the effect of aerobic exercise to improve skeletal muscle aging in rats and its possible mechanisms, and to provide a theoretical basis for exercise to delay skeletal muscle aging in rats. It was shown that aerobic exercise in senescent rats resulted in increased gastrocnemius index, decreased body weight, increased endurance, decreased skeletal muscle cell apoptosis, increased activity and protein expression of the Trx system, and decreased expression of p38 and ASK1. Based on these findings, we conclude that 10 weeks of aerobic exercise may enhance the anti-apoptotic effect of Trx by up-regulating Trx and Trx reductase (TR) protein expression, which in turn increases Trx activity in rat skeletal muscle, and ultimately alleviates apoptosis in senescent skeletal muscle cells.
•Aerobic exercise alleviates skeletal muscle aging in rats.•Aerobic exercise alleviates ageing-induced apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells in rats.•Aerobic Exercise enhances the activity of the Trx system in aging skeletal muscle in rats.•Aerobic Exercise enhances Trx Anti-Apoptosis in aging skeletal muscle in rats.•Aerobic exercise increases Trx binding to ASK1, inhibits the downstream P38 signaling pathway in aging skeletal muscle.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We evaluated the acute effects of yoga compared to cycling on glucose change and variability, and the occurrence of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Fifteen participants performed 50 min ...of cycling or yoga. Glucose values were collected before and after exercise. Coefficient of variation (CV) and hypoglycemic episodes were evaluated from the start up to 12 h after exercise. Cycling and yoga significantly reduced glucose values during exercise, and CV was lower after yoga. One hypoglycemic episode occurred with yoga and seven with cycling. Yoga is a safe exercise that acutely reduces glucose values, but with lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to cycling.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Evidence continues to accumulate that acute aerobic exercise (AAE) impacts neurophysiological excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Yet, uncertainty exists about which ...TMS measures are modulated after AAE in young adults. The influence of AAE intensity and duration of effects are also uncertain. This pre-registered meta-analysis (CRD42017065673) addressed these uncertainties by synthesizing data from 23 studies (including 474 participants) published until February 2024. Meta-analysis was run using a random-effects model and Hedge’s g used as effect size. Our results demonstrated a decrease in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) following AAE (g = 0.27; 95 % CI 0.16–0.38; p <.0001), particularly for moderate (g = 0.18; 95 % CI 0.05–0.31; p <.01) and high (g = 0.49; 95 % CI 0.27–0.71; p <.0001) AAE intensities. These effects remained for 30 minutes after AAE. Additionally, increased corticospinal excitability was only observed for high intensity AAE (g = 0.28; 95 % CI, 0.07–0.48; p <.01). Our results suggest potential mechanisms for inducing a more susceptible neuroplastic environment following AAE.
•Acute aerobic exercise (AAE) decreases intracortical inhibition in young adults.•Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) consistently decreased after AAE.•Moderate and high intensity AAE importantly contributes to the decrease in SICI.•Overall, AAE did not increase corticospinal excitability in young adults.•Corticospinal excitability was only increased after high intensity AAE.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Dyspnea, a prevalent and debilitating symptom in patients with advanced lung cancer, negatively affects symptom burden and prognosis. Physical activity has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological ...intervention for managing dyspnea.
This study compared the effectiveness of two widely-recognized physical activity modalities, namely Tai Chi (TC) and aerobic exercise (AE) for treating dyspnea in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Patients with advanced lung cancer (n=226) were randomized into TC, AE, or control groups. There was no baseline dyspnea requirement for patients. The AE group received two 60-minute supervised sessions and home-based exercises per month, the TC group received 60-minute sessions twice weekly, and the control group received exercise guidelines for 16 weeks. The primary outcome (sleep quality) of the study has been previously reported. In this secondary analysis, we focused on dyspnea outcomes, including overall and lung cancer-specific dyspnea. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), 16 weeks (T1), and one year (T2).
Compared to the control group, TC significantly improved overall dyspnea at T1 (between-group difference, −8.69; P=0.03) and T2 (between-group difference, −11.45; P=0.01), but not AE. Both AE (between-group difference, −11.04; P=0.01) and TC (between-group difference, −14.19; P<0.001) significantly alleviated lung cancer-specific dyspnea at T2 compared with the control group.
Both TC and AE alleviate dyspnea severity in patients with advanced lung cancer, and continuous exercise can yield substantial improvements. Due to its multi-component nature, Tai Chi has a greater effect on dyspnea.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be having a major impact on physical activity behaviours globally. The pandemic has forced many people around the world to stay at home and ...self-isolate for a period of time. WHO recommends 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for 6-17-yr-olds, and 75 min/wk of vigorous or 150 min/wk of moderate physical activity for adults and elderly, including 3 and 2 days/wk, respectively, with muscle and bone strengthening. Practical recommendations for staying active at home, with aerobic exercise training on a bike or rowing ergometer, bodyweight training, dance and active video gaming, can aid to counteract the detrimental physical and mental side-effects of the COVID-19 protective lifestyle regulations. This commentary provides useful information on home-based physical activity for sedentary people across the lifespan, including children and adolescence, that can be undertaken during the present pandemic or other outbreaks of infectious disease.
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BFBNIB, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives: Exercise physiology is one of the leading branches of applied physiology. It is concerned with studies related to the effect of acute and chronic exercise on mental and physical health ...research in human subjects and animals. There are various methods of physical exercise which have been used in animal studies including rodents. However, the machines available for research purposes are sophisticated and expensive, which also requires an additional annual maintenance cost. The objective is to assemble an efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and humane motorized exercise wheel setup for the study of acute and chronic physical exercise in rodents. Materials and Methods: The motorized rodent exercise wheel was assembled using affordable locally available materials. Results: A cost-effective, efficient model for rodent exercise was built and the total cost of this setup was 32 USD or 2860 INR only. Conclusion: This cost-effective rodent exercise wheel works efficiently for the conduction of exercise-related studies in rodents.
Introduction: Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is an interleukin-6-related cytokine with known hypertrophic and protective actions upon cardiac myocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of 1- ...week aerobic exercise on serum levels of cardiotrophin-1 in female patients with hypertension.Methods: in this study, 35 old women aged 50 to 70 were randomly divided into two groups (15 controls and 15 controls). The exercise program included aerobic exercises conducted increasingly 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Before the exercise, and 24 hours after the last session, blood samples and the body composition were taken. Data were collected and analyzed using one-way ANCOVA and Tukey post hoc test at a significant level of P≤0/05.Results: According to the results, twelve weeks of exercise did not significantly affect CT-1 level.Conclusion: Overall, it seems that 12-week aerobic exercise has been beneficial in patients with hypertension and has been improving myocardial function; however, further studies are needed.
Aerobic exercise improves cognitive and motor function by inducing neural changes detected using molecular, cellular, and systems level neuroscience techniques. This review unifies the knowledge ...gained across various neuroscience techniques to provide a comprehensive profile of the neural mechanisms that mediate exercise-induced neuroplasticity. Using a model of exercise-induced neuroplasticity, this review emphasizes the sequence of neural events that accompany exercise, and ultimately promote changes in human performance. This is achieved by differentiating between neuroplasticity induced by acute versus chronic aerobic exercise. Furthermore, this review emphasizes experimental considerations that influence the opportunity to observe exercise-induced neuroplasticity in humans. These include modifiable factors associated with the exercise intervention and nonmodifiable factors such as biological sex, ovarian hormones, genetic variations, and fitness level. To maximize the beneficial effects of exercise in health, disease, and following injury, future research should continue to explore the mechanisms that mediate exercise-induced neuroplasticity. This review identifies some fundamental gaps in knowledge that may serve to guide future research in this area.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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