Maladaptive aggressive behaviour is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders and is thought to result partly from the inappropriate activation of brain reward systems in response to ...aggressive or violent social stimuli. Nuclei within the ventromedial hypothalamus, extended amygdala and limbic circuits are known to encode initiation of aggression; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms that directly modulate the motivational component of aggressive behaviour. Here we established a mouse model to measure the valence of aggressive inter-male social interaction with a smaller subordinate intruder as reinforcement for the development of conditioned place preference (CPP). Aggressors develop a CPP, whereas non-aggressors develop a conditioned place aversion to the intruder-paired context. Furthermore, we identify a functional GABAergic projection from the basal forebrain (BF) to the lateral habenula (lHb) that bi-directionally controls the valence of aggressive interactions. Circuit-specific silencing of GABAergic BF-lHb terminals of aggressors with halorhodopsin (NpHR3.0) increases lHb neuronal firing and abolishes CPP to the intruder-paired context. Activation of GABAergic BF-lHb terminals of non-aggressors with channelrhodopsin (ChR2) decreases lHb neuronal firing and promotes CPP to the intruder-paired context. Finally, we show that altering inhibitory transmission at BF-lHb terminals does not control the initiation of aggressive behaviour. These results demonstrate that the BF-lHb circuit has a critical role in regulating the valence of inter-male aggressive behaviour and provide novel mechanistic insight into the neural circuits modulating aggression reward processing.
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IJS, KISLJ, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Zachowania agresywne sa powszechnie obserwowane w warunkach klinicznych, co sprawia, ze kluczowe jest stosowanie zaawansowanych narzedzi w celu dokladnej oceny prawdopodobienstwa wys tapi en i a ...takich zachowan. Niniejszy artykul ma na celu przedstawienie ram shrzacych do formulowania przypadku dla pacjentôw z zachowaniami agresywnymi kierowanych do psychoterapii w rôznych warunkach pracy klinicznej. L/znajac rozbieznosci w stosowaniu agresji, a takze wspôlwystçpowanie zachowan agresywnych u pacjentôw z róznymi psychopatologiami, proponujemy integracyjne ramy, które odnosza sic do tych niespójnosci. Ramy te wykorzyslnja Multimodalny Model Funkcjonalny Huntera i wsp. (2008) jako podslawe, do której whiczainy siedem innych modeli: Model 13, model Algebry Agresji, Ogólny Model Agresji, model Przetwarzania Informacji Spolecznych, model Oceny Reakcji i Decyzji, Integracyjny Model Poznawczy oraz model zaburzeñ psychicznych wedtug DSM-5. Wszystkie te modele zostaly zintegrowane w kompleksowej i rozszerzonej wersji multimodalnego arkusza analizy funkcjonalnej Huntera i wsp., który wyróznia biopsychospoleczne modalnosci analizy zachowania w zakresie pieciu czynników: podzeganie, podatnosc, wzmocnienie, sila nawyku i hamowanie. Dodatkowo przedstawiono przyklad stadium przypadku, aby zilustrowac procès formulowania przypadku shizacego jako podstawa do ustalenia celów terapeutycznych i wdrozenia odpowiednich interwencji. Uwzgledniajac kompleksowe rozumienie agresji i wykorzystnjac adaplacje multimodalnego arkusza analizy funkcjonalnej, podejscie to zapewnia klinicystom solidne podstawy do formulowania skutecznych strategii terapeutycznych.
Aggressive as physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm. Meanwhile, aggressive behavior is a serious problem that has a negative impact on adolescent mental health and achievement in school. ...The purpose of this study was to describe aggressive behavior in adolescents in high school environments in urban and rural areas of Jember Regency. The design of this research is a quantitative descriptive research. This research was conducted in senior high schools in rural and urban areas in Jember Regency with a total sample of 250 respondents who were selected using a purposive sampling method. This study used univariate analysis, wherein the results of this study will display demographic data and a description of aggressive behavior in adolescents. The results of the emotion study showed that 46.4% of respondents had verbally aggressive behavior, 29.6% of respondents had physically aggressive behavior, 12.8% of respondents had angry aggressive behavior and 11.2% of respondents had hostile aggressive behavior. Based on the results of this study that the aggressive behavior of adolescents tends to be high, so to overcome aggressive behavior in adolescents it is necessary to make various efforts by paying attention to the dimensions of development in adolescence so that the efforts developed are able to overcome various causes of mental health problems faced by adolescents and adolescents have resilience..
Aggressiveness trait-based selection is crucial for alleviating interspecies cannibalism in economic crab species and enhancing survival rates in aquaculture. However, there is a lack of efficient ...and simple methods for assessing aggressiveness. In this study, we measured aggressiveness of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus through repeated mirror tests and fighting experiments. Factor analysis and the K-means algorithm were used to assess aggressiveness quantitatively and qualitatively. A combination of multiple linear regression and support vector machine (SVM) analyses was employed to construct an aggressiveness assessment model for swimming crabs and explore the relationship between aggressiveness and fighting ability. The results showed significant correlations among repeated aggressive behaviors (attacking, chela extending, defending, crossing, reverse walking, and freezing). Aggression score was significantly correlated with fighting behaviors, and there were significant differences in fighting abilities among different levels of aggressiveness. This suggested that aggressive behaviors are consistent within individuals and that aggressiveness, as a personal trait, affects the fighting ability of swimming crabs. Aggression score (Y) and clustering results of K-means can serve as assessment indicators of aggressiveness. The predictive variables for the quantitative assessment model were relative movement distance (X1) and freezing duration (X2). The adjusted R-square of the optimized quantitative model was 0.72, it also had the smallest Sigma, AIC, MSE, and RMSE values and the best fitting regression equation, which was Y = 0.023X1 – 0.001X2 – 0.002. The predictor variables for the qualitative assessment model were relative movement distance, freezing frequency, and duration. SVM was used to construct the qualitative model, and the prediction accuracy was 92%, sensitivity was 84%, and specificity was 100%, indicating the model has a good classification and prediction effect. The machine learning-based aggressiveness assessment model constructed in this study provides a behavioral method for the selection and high-throughput measurement of economic crab species with excellent aggressiveness traits, giving it important industrial application value.
•Aggressiveness assessment model for crabs was first constructed by machine learning.•Aggression score was verified could assess aggressiveness of crabs quantitatively.•SVM was used for aggressiveness classification which prediction accuracy was 92%.•Aggressiveness positively correlated with fighting ability in swimming crabs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Introduction:
Circadian rhythm disruption is a prominent feature of numerous neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric diseases that are also associated with verbal and ...physical aggression. However, whether the central circadian clock directly regulates aggression, a complex motivated behavior, and the circuit basis by which it may do so remains unknown. We hypothesized that the propensity towards aggressive behaviour varies across the 24 h day, and that the central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), regulates this rhythm. Estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1)-expressing neurons within the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) are known to directly control attack behavior in male mice, but it is unknown if the activity of these neurons is under temporal regulation by the SCN clock. We thus hypothesized that circadian regulation of aggression may depend upon a polysynaptic pathway from the SCN to Esr1-expressing VMHvl neurons.
Methods:
We utilized the resident intruder paradigm (a well-established assay for territorial aggression in male mice) administered at four different circadian time points in conjunction with genetically-targeted neuronal manipulations focused on the GABAergic subparaventricular zone (SPZ), an obligate relay for most SCN clock synaptic output. We then used a series of channelrhodopsin assisted circuit mapping experiments to investigate functional connectivity between SCN, SPZ, and VMH neurons.
Results:
Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that aggression propensity in male mice exhibits a daily rhythm. We also found that this rhythm in aggression propensity requires normal functioning of SPZ GABA neurons and is independent of locomotor and plasma corticosterone rhythms. Finally, we uncovered a novel and functional polysynaptic circuit connecting the SCN clock with an intra-VMH circuit that, on activation, drives attack behavior.
Conclusion:
Our work reveals that aggression propensity exhibits a robust daily rhythm and that a circuit, spanning four synaptically coupled hypothalamic nodes, directly modulates this daily rhythm of aggression, primarily by inhibiting aggressive behavior in a circadian phase-dependent manner.
Support (If Any):
R01 NS072337 (CBS); F32 NS084582-01A1 (WDT).
Aggressive behavior in young children is one of the key topics of today’s research. Some researchers have found that different parenting styles have a significant impact on children’s aggressive ...behavior, but there is still a lack of a unified explanation for its causes and how to correct it. Therefore, the research topic of this paper is the causes and corrective countermeasures of aggressive behavior in young children caused by parenting styles. The research methods of this paper are as follows: firstly, the literature research in related fields in recent years is collected, and secondly, the collected literature is analyzed. The study found that there is a significant positive correlation between children’s aggressive behavior and doting, laissez-faire and authoritarian factors, and there is a significant negative correlation with democratic factors, and the older parents are more likely to use inappropriate parenting methods for education. In general, democratic parenting is very desirable, and at the same time, it is supplemented by the guidance and intervention of parents and kindergartens to show its effectiveness.
Research in the field of workplace aggression has rapidly developed in the last two decades, and with this growth has come an abundance of overlapping constructs that fall under the broad rubric of ...workplace aggression. While researchers have conceptually distinguished these constructs, it is unclear whether this proliferation of constructs is adding appreciably to our knowledge, or whether it is constraining the questions we ask. In this paper, I consider five example constructs (i.e., abusive supervision, bullying, incivility, social undermining, and interpersonal conflict) and argue that the manner in which we have differentiated these (and other) aggression constructs does not add appreciably to our knowledge of workplace aggression. I then provide supplementary meta-analytic evidence to show that there is not a predictable pattern of outcomes from these constructs, and propose a restructuring of the manner in which we conceptualize workplace aggression. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
Patients in psychotic relapse may exhibit violent behavior towards objects, themselves or others. These behaviors, although usually unconscious, are a common reason for hospitalization ...and a source of rejection and stigmatization by family and society.
Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of aggressive behavior in relapsed inpatients with schizophrenia in the F psychiatry department at the Razi Hospital in Tunisia.
Methods
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of fifty male patients hospitalized for a psychotic relapse who were naïve or discontinuing treatment for at least two months. Patients were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS).
Results
The age of the patients included ranged from 17 to 65 years, with an average of 36.4±11.51 years. More than half of the patients were without occupation (58%, N= 29). For personnal history : Seven patients (14%) had attempted suicide ; Eight patients (16%) showed evidence of self-harm ; Thirteen patients (26%) had a history of arrests of which eleven (22%) were incarcerated.The OAS score ranged from to 0 to 35 with a mean at 9.7+/- 10.3. Twenty-seven patients were aggressive (54%).
Conclusions
Preventive strategies should focus more on predicting the aggressive potential of patients with schizophrenia and its socio-professional implication. Perhaps when using a less holistic approach to the disease and when approaching aggressive behavior as a symptom in its own right, we will be able to find other alternative options.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
This study extends research on the consequences of mass imprisonment and the causes of children's behavioral problems by considering the effects of paternal incarceration on children's physical ...aggression at age 5 using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Results suggest that paternal incarceration is associated with increased physical aggression for boys, and that effects are concentrated among boys whose fathers were neither incarcerated for a violent offense nor abusive to the boys' mother. Results also suggest that paternal incarceration may decrease girls' physical aggression, although this finding is not robust. Taken together, results imply that mass imprisonment may contribute to a system of stratification in which crime and incarceration are passed down from fathers to sons (but not daughters).
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BFBNIB, DOBA, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Sexual and aggressive behaviors are fundamental to animal survival and reproduction. The medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) and ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) are essential ...regions for male sexual and aggressive behaviors, respectively. While key inhibitory inputs to the VMHvl and MPN have been identified, the extrahypothalamic excitatory inputs essential for social behaviors remain elusive. Here we identify estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1)-expressing cells in the posterior amygdala (PA) as a main source of excitatory inputs to the hypothalamus and key mediators for mating and fighting in male mice. We find two largely distinct PA subpopulations that differ in connectivity, gene expression, in vivo responses and social behavior relevance. MPN-projecting PA
cells are activated during mating and are necessary and sufficient for male sexual behaviors, while VMHvl-projecting PA
cells are excited during intermale aggression and promote attacks. These findings place the PA as a key node in both male aggression and reproduction circuits.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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