Past research on socially aversive personalities has focused on subclinical psychopathy, subclinical narcissism, and Machiavellianism—the "Dark Triad" of personality. In the research reported here, ...we evaluated whether an everyday form of sadism should be added to that list. Acts of apparent cruelty were captured using two laboratory procedures, and we showed that such behavior could be predicted with two measures of sadistic personality. Study 1 featured a bug-killing paradigm. As expected, sadists volunteered to kill bugs at greater rates than did nonsadists. Study 2 examined willingness to harm an innocent victim. When aggression was easy, sadism and Dark Triad measures predicted unprovoked aggression. However, only sadists were willing to work for the opportunity to hurt an innocent person. In both studies, sadism emerged as an independent predictor of behavior reflecting an appetite for cruelty. Together, these findings support the construct validity of everyday sadism and its incorporation into a new "Dark Tetrad" of personality.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We examine the empirical association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and tax avoidance. Our findings suggest that firms with excessive irresponsible CSR activities have a higher ...likelihood of engaging in tax-sheltering activities and greater discretionary/permanent book-tax differences. Moreover, at the onset of FASB Interpretation No. 48, these firms have more uncertain tax positions; also, these firms' initial tax positions are likely supported by weaker facts and circumstances as indicated by their larger post-FIN 48 settlements with tax authorities and their higher likelihood of a net decrease in the overall level of uncertain tax positions after FIN 48. Collectively, these results suggest that firms with excessive irresponsible CSR activities are more aggressive in avoiding taxes, lending credence to the idea that corporate culture affects tax avoidance.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main aim of the article is to contribute to the better understanding of the role of military exercises for the deterrence strategy of NATO, in particular by proving the premise that military ...exercise is one of the most effective instrument of the military capabilities demonstration and political persuasion. Against the backdrop of the Russian revisionism and its ongoing aggression against Ukraine, NATO and its member states have substantially reinforced their deterrence capabilities. An increased number of military exercises, their geography and scale are intended to demonstrate the Alliance's capacity and commitment to respond to potential aggression.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
In the current world, an increasing number of people use social networks as a scenario for socialization, which have come to stay as a part of human development. During this ...socialization process, violent situations occur all too often, despite their virtuality, and seriously compromises the emotional well-being of the other participants. Based on the work conducted on this subject, the following systematic review aims to establish the state of the art regarding the relationship between moral disengagement, disruptive behavior and emotional intelligence of social network users.
Method
A scoping review is carried out, according to the PRISMA-ScR criteria, consulting the WoS, Scopus, Education database, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PLOS one and ScienceDirect databases, from 2021 up to the present day.
Results
A total of 999 articles related to the research topic were collected, although the result of research responding to the specific search criteria was reduced to 10.
Discussion
The research identified shows that there is a relationship between the level of moral development of social network users and their participation in aggressive online behavior. However, more research is needed, as it has not been demonstrated whether it is the networks that develop or favor the emergence of these attitudes, or simply act as facilitators for their amplified expression.
The relation between extraversion (E) and reactive aggression (RA) was unclear due to the complex nature of extraversion. Social desirability (SD) always contaminates the personality scales by ...weakening the predictive power of personality traits. This study discovered the suppression effect of SD in influencing the relation between E and RA through testing the mediation effect of SD within the framework of structural equation modeling. Results showed that SD, serving as a suppressor, carried out the negative association between E and RA. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between E and RA after controlling the effect of SD. It can be concluded that SD is a suppressor which can separate the mixed association between E and RA. The shared variances of social desirability and extraversion can explain the negative relation between extraversion and reactive aggression, which indicates that extraverts may hide their tendency of aggression due to the social desirability. After teasing out the effect of SD, the purified relation between E and RA would be shown: extraverts incline to have a higher level of reactive aggression.
•There is a suppression effect of social desirability in influencing the relation between extraversion and reactive aggression.•Extraversion has a positive relationship with reactive aggression after teasing out the effect of social desirability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Peer victimization and security had multiple mediating effects on the relationship between shyness and aggression.•Positive mother-child attachment can reduce the shy children from peer ...victimization and enhance the relationship between shyness and security.•Positive father-child attachment can reduce aggression in shy children and enhance the relationship between security and aggression.
Many people empirically believe that shyness, as a withdrawn personality trait, is not correlated or is negatively correlated with aggression, however, previous studies have found that shy individuals show higher levels of aggression. According to the social fitness model, shy children are more likely to be excluded from the outside world and to exist in an internal state of unease. From this perspective, the present study investigated the effects of shyness on aggression by considering peer victimization and security and by finding moderating factors (parent–child attachment) to improve this phenomenon. The sample consisted of 689 children. Questionnaires were utilized to investigate the mediating mechanism of shyness on aggression from the perspective of peer victimization and security in children and the possible moderating effect of parent–child attachment. The results showed that shyness not only directly predicts aggression but also can influence aggression through the multiple mediating effects of peer victimization and security. In addition, we found that mother–child attachment moderated the relationship between shyness and peer victimization and between shyness and security. Father–child attachment moderated the relationship between security and aggression and between shyness and aggression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Recent studies of the traits of the Dark Tetrad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and everyday sadism) have emphasized the need to elucidate their unique associations with other ...external criteria as a way of reinforcing their independent empirical entity. Using two independent samples (N = 406), we sought to empirically differentiate the traits of the Dark Tetrad in their relationships to three humor-related personality systems: the Humor Styles Model, the Disposition toward Ridicule and Laughter, and the Comic Style Markers. Hierarchical regression and relative weight analyses revealed that narcissism was the strongest positive predictor of “lighter” forms of humor such as adaptive humor styles, dispositional joy in being laughed at (gelotophilia), and a funny-witty comic style. Psychopathy outperformed other dark personalities in predicting amplified levels of aggressive humor, dispositional joy in laughing at others (katagelasticism), and sarcasm. Machiavellianism primarily predicted an increased ironic-satiric comic style and an elevated dispositional fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia). Finally, while everyday sadism was positively related to most of the “darker” humor-related dimensions such as aggressive humor and sarcasm, this construct uniquely predicted (but reflecting a small effect size) greater levels of katagelasticism after controlling for its shared variance with the remaining traits of the Dark Tetrad.
•The Dark Tetrad traits differed in their relations to three humor-related systems.•Narcissism was linked to lighter forms of humor (e.g., fun and wit).•Psychopathy best predicted the darkest humor-related traits (e.g., sarcasm).•Machiavellianism best predicted an ironic-satiric comic style.•Everyday sadism incrementally predicted the joy in laughing at others.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Using the three-dimensional model of executive function and the I.sup.3 theory of aggressive behavior, we examined the mediating roles of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in the ...relationship between impulsivity and both proactive and reactive aggression in adolescents. We recruited 1,462 middle school and high school students in Sichuan Province, who completed the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Teenage Executive Function Inventory, and the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire. Results showed that impulsivity was positively correlated with both proactive and reactive aggression, and was negatively correlated with the three subcomponents of executive function. The three-dimensional components of executive function in adolescents were negatively correlated with both proactive and reactive aggression. Further, impulsivity directly predicted both proactive and reactive aggression. In addition, all three subcomponents of executive function in parallel mediated the relationship between impulsivity and proactive aggression. However, only inhibition mediated the relationship between impulsivity and reactive aggression. In conclusion, improving executive function may reduce the impact of impulsivity on aggression.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
