Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and heavy metals, which are among the wastes of the industrial sector, become a threat to living things and the environment above certain concentrations. Therefore, the ...detection of both H2O2 and heavy metals with simple, low-cost, and fast analytical methods has gained great importance. The use of nanoparticles in colorimetric sensor technology for the detection of these analytes provides great advantages. In recent years, green synthesis of nanomaterials with products that can be considered biowaste is among the popular topics. In this study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag@AgCl NPs) were synthesized using the green synthesis method as an eco-friendly and cheap method, the green algae extract was used as a reducing agent. The characterization of Ag@AgCl nanoparticles and green algae extract was carried out with several techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV–Visible spectrometry (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) methods were used for characterization. According to TEM analysis, the Ag@AgCl NPs typically spherical in form and range in size from 4 to 10 nm, and UV–vis showed the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Ag@AgCl between 400 and 450 nm. In addition, its activity as a colorimetric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and multi-metal detection was evaluated. Interestingly, Ag/AgCl NPs caused different color formations for 3 metals simultaneously in the sensor study for heavy metal detection, and Fe3+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ ions were detected. The R2 values for H2O2, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ were 0.9360, 0.9961, 0.9787, and 0.9625 the limit of detection (LOD) was 43.75, 1.69, 3.18, and 5.05 ppb (ng/mL), respectively. It was determined that Ag@AgCl NPs have the potential to be used as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of H2O2 and heavy metals from wastewater.
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•Ag/AgCl NPs was synthesized by green algae extract.•Current sensor detected the ions Cu2+, Cr6+, Fe3+, and H2O2.•With the naked eye, the change color was observed in the determination of Cu2+, Cr6+, and Fe3+ ions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study was conducted through the 2020 and 2021 seasons on prime seedless grapevines grown under Minia Governorate conditions to investigate the effects of five different nutrients: Amino acids ...(methionine, tryptophane, cystine, cysteine, and lysine) at 0.05 or 0.1%, algae extract at 0.1 or 0.2%, turmeric extract at 0.1 or 0.2%, boric acid at 0.05%, and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 20 ppm on vine vegetative growth characteristics, nutritional status, shot berries, yield, and quality of berries. All the nutrient treated vines showed enhanced growth aspects, nutritional status, yield, and berry quality compared with the untreated controls. The promotion of vegetative growth, vine nutritional status, and some chemical characteristics of berries were related to the application of some amino acids, algae extract, Turmeric extract, boric acid, and (GA3) in descending order. As for the yield, cluster aspects, berry weight, and dimensions, as well as reducing shot berries of clusters were related to the application of some amino acids, algae extract, Turmeric extract, GA3, and boric acid in descending order. Conclusively: Treatment of prime seedless grapevines three times at growth start, just after three growth starts later with some amino acids at 0.1% is the best treatment yield and gave high fruit quality.
Fish oil-loaded brown and green macroalgae-based nanoliposomes (NS: Sargassum boveanum, NP: Padina distromatica, and NC: Caulerpa sertularioides) were successfully obtained. Release profile (<35%), ...zeta particles size (130.3–266.3 nm), encapsulation efficiency (99.9%) were revealed besides morphological characterizations (NS: 157.55, NP: 129.02, NC: 335.304 nm) of nanoliposomes (p < 0.05). Oxidation tests demonstrated that the use of NS more successfully limited the rapid increase in peroxide value of fish oil stored at 30 °C. FFA value of control group samples reached 6.8 from 3.4% (change: 100%) while NS (change: 12.5%) and NP (change: 12.5%) had better stability during 42 days' storage (p < 0.05). The anisidine values of control group samples were in the range of 8.8 and 22.8. But, NS, NP, and NC samples possessed 11.0, 9.9, and 10.0, respectively. Totox value in the control group fish oil samples reached 85.2. Yet, the highest values for NS, NP, and NC samples were found to be 33.1, 54.5, and 67.3 (p < 0.05). Also, color values in the samples treated with nanoliposomes had higher stability. The use of nanolioposme technique effectively retarded the oxidation in fish oil stored at 30 °C. Thus, this applied novel methodology provided with a nanoliposomal approach can guide further food treatments in the food industry.
•Seaweeds extract-loaded nanoliposomes were obtained.•Average diameters of the obtained nanoliposomes were in the range of 130.3–266.3 nm.•Oxidative deterioration in fish oils sample stored at 30 °C was successfully limited by applied nanoliposomes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Anatase-brookite-rutile TiO2 NPs were synthesized by a simple precipitation method.•An aqueous algae extract of Chlorella sp. was used as a capping agent.•The effects of the volume ...concentration of the algae extract were studied.•The algae extract improved thermal stability and size reduction of TiO2 NPs.•The rutile transition and the growth of TiO2 NPs were dependent on the concentration of the algae extract.
Herein, a novel green synthesis of tertiary-phase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using an aqueous extract of Chlorella sp. was reported for the first time. The TiO2 NPs were prepared using various extract volume concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % v/v) and subsequently calcinated at 600 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the concentration ranging from 5 to 15 % v/v algae extract resulted in mixed phases of anatase, brookite, and rutile, while the extract concentration of 20 % v/v yielded mixed phases of anatase and brookite. The phase transformation from anatase to rutile decreased with increasing extract concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the average grain size of the control TiO2 was 90 nm, whereas that of algae mediated TiO2 NPs was 10–20 nm. The concentration of algae extract was a very significant parameter for the phase transformation and particle size reduction of TiO2 NPs. The tertiary phase 10 % and 15 % algae mediated TiO2 powder also exhibited reaction rate constants (k) similar to the binary phase 20 % TiO2, despite containing lower anatase content. The present work demonstrated the successful synthesis of tertiary phases TiO2 nanopowder using microalgae Chlorella extract as a biogenic capping agent.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim
To determine the effect of red algae extract on the gene expression of catalase and caspase-3 in testicules of rats induced by boric acid (BA).
Methods
This is experimental research with ...post-test control group design. Twenty four healthy male Wistar rats were divided into
four treatment groups: a healthy group, negative control group, two treatment groups with red algae extract 400mg/kgBW/day (T1) and red algae extract 800mg/kgBW/day (T2). Each group was treated with BA 500mg/kgBW/day for 14 days, whereas the healthy group did not receive BA. In the treatment groups T1 and T2 were given red algae extract for 14 days. On day 15 all treatment groups were terminated and catalase and caspase-3 gene
expression were analysed using qRT-PCR.
Results
In the healthy group, the expression of the catalase gene was 1.39±0.67 and the expression of the caspase-3 gene was
1.06±0.17. In the negative control group, there was a significant decrease in catalase gene expression, 0.68±0.27 (p<0.05), and a significant increase in caspase-3 gene expression, 5.71±2.47 (p<0.05). Treatment groups T1 and T2 showed a significant increase in catalase gene expression, 2.67±0.69; and 2.85±0.64, respectively (p<0.05) and caspase-3, 3.96±1,16 and 1.89±0.84, respectively, compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The administration of red algae extract had a significant effect on increasing the expression of the catalase gene and
decreasing the expression of the caspase-3 gene. This suggests that red algae extract has the potential to be developed as a protective agent against exposure to the effects of BA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A special type of two-dimensional (2D) material based conducting polymer was constructed by green synthesis and in-situ polymerization techniques. The 2D Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) were first ...synthesized with the combination of, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate dissolved in 20 mL algae extract under stirring. After stirring for about 2 h, and then finally sulfurization was initiated using sulfur powder in 20 mL of sulfuric solution and stirred for 8 h. The resulting black precipitates of MoS2 were collected by centrifugation at 5000 rpm. Moreover, the prepared MoS2 was functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and form the MoS2@PGMA. Further, the MoS2@PGMA is combined with polyaniline (PANI) to form conducting polymer grafted thin film nanosheets named MoS2@PGMA/PANI with a thickness in micrometer size through grafting method. The prepared materials were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS and EDX techniques. To check the performance of materials the adsorption study was performed. Moreover, the adsorption study toward Cu2+ and Cd2+ showed a tremendous results and the maximum adsorption was 307.7 mg/g and 214.7 mg/g respectively. In addition, the pseudo-first and second order models as well as the adsorption isotherm were investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The results were best fitted with the pseudo-second order and Langmuir models. The regeneration study was also conducted and MoS2@PGMA/PANI nanosheets can be easily recycled and restored after five successful recycling. The established methodology for preparing the 2D materials and conducting polymer based MoS2@PGMA/PANI nanosheets is expected to be applicable for other multiple applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the agricultural season 2019-2020 in one of the farming fields in Muqdadiya district, Haruniya region Kilo 21, 40 km north-east of Baquba district of Diyala governorate, order to study the effect ...of adding anticline and marine algae on the vegetative growth characteristics of broccoli, mica cultivar. The results showed the superiority of anti-salinity treatment in most of the studied traits, including(Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a concentration and carotene percentage in leaves) which achieved (69.10 cm, 29.08 leaf-1, 235.16 dm2 plant-1 , 29.01 mm, 0.68 mg g-1, 0.51 mg g-1, 0.58%) respectively also the spray of marine algae superiority at most of the studied traits, including in some characteristics (Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a and carotene percentage in leaves) (69.53 cm, 31.83 leaf-1, 272.71 dm2 plant-1, 33.88 mm, 0.70 mg g-1, 0.53 mg g-1,0.62%) respectively and the interaction between the two factors was reatment ignificant and superiority at in most of the traits, including (Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a concentration and carotene percentage in leaves) in some traits (76.30 cm, 33.86 leaf-1, 301.17 dm2 plant-1, 35.50 mm, 0.80 mg g-1, 0.56 mg g-1, 0.70%) respectively.
Keywords: anti-saline, foliar nutrition, Marine Algae extract, Cauliflower
The current investigation has been accomplished in a climate of the greenhouse at the farm of the Fac. of Agri, Damanhour Univ., El-Beheira Gov., Egypt, during two consecutive seasons of 2020/2021 ...and 2021/2022. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of two safe growth stimulants: seaweed extract of Oligo-x (SWE) and chitosan (CH) each at 0, 3 and 6 ml/l on vegetative growth, flowering growth, and the chemical composition of the leaves of Petunia axillaris plants cultivated in drought stress conditions. The acquired results for the two seasons showed that drought stress caused serious negative consequences on vegetative growth, flowering growth, and the chemical composition of leaves, while it increased the proline content and electrolyte leakage. Generally, seaweed extract and chitosan had a profound impact on the studied characteristics. For instance, the growth parameters including plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights per plant, as well as root length and root fresh and dry weights per plant showed the highest values via the application of seaweed extract at 6 ml/l compared to the other treatments under study. In the same line, flowering parameters such as flowering duration, flower diameter, the number of flowers per plant, flower fresh and dry weights, and leaves chemical composition including total leaf carbohydrate exhibited the most significant improvements by the application of seaweed extract at 6 ml/l. On the contrary, the seaweed extract at 6 ml/l resulted in the lowest value of proline content, and electrolytic leakage. Regarding the chitosan treatment, the 6 ml/l concentration of the solution exhibited the highest values of the number of days to flowering, flower longevity and SPAD index in relative to the other treatments. All the studied traits were expressed using cross correlation analysis.
Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweeds regulate plant growth and development by modifying various metabolic functions. However, the substances responsible for the effects and relationship with the ...application pathway are poorly understood. This study aimed to structurally characterize biomass fractions and to evaluate the structure-bioativity relationship of different concentrations applied to the leaves and roots of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). The aqueous extracts obtained from K. alvarezii were characterized by ATR-FTIR and 13C NMR CP/MAS, and their structures were compared by chemometrics. The composition was determined by CHN elemental analysis and atomic absorption. Bioactivity in plants was evaluated by foliar application (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) and root application (1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 5 % and 10 %), and the dry and fresh mass and root morphology were determined. The results show that the aqueous extract (KAlv-sapL) contains CAlkyl (26 %), CAlkyl-O,N (15 %), CAlkyl-O (23 %), CAlkyl-di-O (7 %), CAromatic-H,R (6 %), CAromatic-O,N (3 %), CCOOH-H,R (17 %) and CCO (3 %), belonging to fragments of k-carrageenan, lipids, and peptides; high amounts of K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. KAlv-sapL applied via foliar treatment at 5 % and 10 % promoted increases in root and leaf dry mass by >30 % and 10 %, respectively, and 10 % of KAlv-sapL increased the area, diameter and number of roots by 11 %, 19 % and 40 %, respectively. Root application at 3 % (KAlv-sapL) stimulated the production of fresh and dry root mass by 60 % and 28 %, respectively, and when applied at 2 %, the root area, length, number and volume increased by 30 %, 50 %, 19 % and 31 %, respectively. In addition, the application at 2 % (KAlv-sapL) promoted intense mobilization and allocation of K+ in the leaves, increasing the uptake efficiency of this nutrient. The bioactivity of Kappaphycus seaweed occurs through joint action of carrageenan, lipids and peptides, and the inorganic fraction, rich in K+ and essential nutrients.
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•KAlv-sapL root application indicates its potential for a clean blue biofertilizer production.•KAlv-sapL contains k-carrageenan, lipids, peptides and K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu.•KAlv-sapL applied via foliar increases plant dry mass, diameter, and number of roots.•Root application KAlv-sapL (3 %) stimulated all root morphological parameters.•Root application of KAlv-sapL at 2 % promoted intense K+ uptake efficiency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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