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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest in the biotechnology field due to their intrinsic therapeutic properties as well as their ability to serve as vehicles ...for bioactive cargo. However, the lack of an established biomanufacturing platform and limited potency of EVs in vivo remain critical bottlenecks for clinical translation. In this study, we utilized a 3D-printed scaffold-perfusion bioreactor system to assess the response of dynamic culture on extracellular vesicle production from endothelial cells (ECs). We also investigated whether ethanol conditioning, which was previously shown to enhance vascularization bioactivity of EC-derived EVs produced in standard 2D culture conditions, could be employed successfully for the same purpose in a 3D production system. Our results indicate that dynamic culture in a perfusion bioreactor significantly enhances EV production from human ECs. Moreover, the use of ethanol conditioning in conjunction with dynamic culture induces pro-vascularization bioactivity of EC-derived EVs that is correlated with increased EV levels of pro-angiogenic lncRNAs HOTAIR and MALAT1. Thus, this study represents one of the first reports of rationally-designed EV potency enhancement that is conserved between static 2D and dynamic 3D EV production systems, increasing the potential for scalable biomanufacturing of therapeutic EC-derived EVs for a variety of applications.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have substantial therapeutic potential in a variety of applications. However, translation of EV-based therapies may be hindered by biomanufacturing challenges. EV production to date has predominantly involved the use of tissue culture flasks. Here, we report, for the first time, the use of a tubular perfusion bioreactor system with an integrated 3D-printed biomaterial scaffold for EV production from human endothelial cells. This system increases EV yield by over 100-fold compared to conventional tissue culture systems. Further, we show that an ethanol-conditioning approach that our group previously developed in 2D culture for enhancing EV potency is compatible with this new system. Thus, potency enhancement of EVs for vascularization applications is possible even with significantly increased production rate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells Antolini, E.; Gonzalez, E.R.
Journal of power sources,
06/2010, Volume:
195, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The faster kinetics of the alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells (ADAFCs), opening up the possibility of using less expensive metal catalysts, as ...silver, nickel and palladium, makes the alkaline direct alcohol fuel cell a potentially low cost technology compared to acid direct alcohol fuel cell technology, which employs platinum catalysts. A boost in the research regarding alkaline fuel cells, fuelled with hydrogen or alcohols, was due to the development of alkaline anion-exchange membranes, which allows the overcoming of the problem of the progressive carbonation of the alkaline electrolyte. This paper presents an overview of catalysts and membranes for ADAFCs, and of testing of ADAFCs, fuelled with methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol, formed by these materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A simple, low-cost modification of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells by placing a treated carbon paper between the sulfur electrode and the separator has been investigated to significantly improve the ...performance of Li-S cells. The treated carbon paper was prepared by an alcohol-alkaline/thermal treatment of a commercial Toray carbon paper, introducing hydroxyl functional groups and micro-cracks on the carbon fibers in the carbon paper, which enhances the hydrophilicity and increases surface areas of the carbon paper matrix. The modified Li-S cells deliver a higher initial capacity of 1651 mAh g(-1) at 1.5-2.8 V at a rate of C/5 compared to the cells without any interlayer or with an untreated carbon paper interlayer. The cells with the treated carbon paper offer additional improvement in performance when the discharge cut-off voltage is raised to 1.8 V: 1057, 1002, and 929 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles, respectively, at C/5, C/2, and 1 C rates. The improved cell performance is attributed to the 3D architecture of the carbon paper interlayer, serving as a conductive skeleton for trapping and depositing dissolved sulfur-containing active materials, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The novel configuration presented here offers a low-cost approach to overcome the persistent problems of Li-S cells.
Wie häufig in Deutschland die bewusste Inkaufnahme von Alkoholverstößen im Straßenverkehr auftritt, ist bislang fast gänzlich unerforscht. Die entsprechende Prävalenz wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ...mit Hilfe des Unrelated Question Model (UQM; Greenberg et al., 1969), einer indirekten Fragemethode für heikle Themen, ermittelt. Dabei wurde auch der Einfluss des Instruktionsverständnisses untersucht. In einer Online-Umfrage wurden Studierende der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen entweder mittels direkter Fragemethode oder via UQM (in zwei Varianten) befragt. Es resultiert eine Schätzung der Lebenszeitprävalenz von 44 % für alle drei Gruppen. Erklärungsansätze für die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und zukünftige Forschungsfragen bezüglich Alkohol im Straßenverkehr und der Funktionsweise des UQM aufgestellt.
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•Liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) is a green bioseparation technology.•An optimum betacyanins extraction from red-purple pitaya was achieved using LBF.•Ct, E and K of betacyanins from ...peel: 95.989%, 88.361% and 24.168, respectively.•Ct, E and K of betacyanins from flesh: 95.488%, 94.886% and 21.195, respectively.•Peel and flesh extracts showed different hues of red color and antioxidants.
This study investigated the use of liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) which composed of alcohol and salt for betacyanins extraction from peel and flesh of red-purple pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Betacyanins have received a great deal of research attention owing to their promising antioxidant activity. The operating parameters of LBF, including types/concentrations/volumes of alcohol and salt, addition of sodium chloride, flotation time and types/concentrations of crude extract, were adopted for the betacyanins extraction. Overall, the highest values of betacyanins concentration in alcohol-rich top phase (Ct), separation efficiency (E) and partition coefficient (K) of betacyanins that reveal a maximum betacyanins extraction from the peel (95.989%, 88.361% and 24.168, respectively) and flesh (95.488%, 94.886% and 21.195, respectively) were successfully achieved with LBF. In addition, both the peel and flesh extracts of red-purple pitaya provided different hues and intensities of red color, and their antioxidant properties were well retained.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Alcohol fuels offer opportunities to reduce the use of fossil fuels in CI engines and to increase percentage of biofuels in the transport and energy sectors, where combustion engines are often used. ...This study presents experimental examinations of a stationary single-cylinder compression ignition dual-fuel engine based on co-combustion of diesel fuel with alcohols. The study evaluated the effect of addition of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and 1-butanol to diesel fuel on the combustion process, performance and emissions from a research engine. Percentage of the energy supplied in the alcohol fuel was 15, 30, 45, 55 and 70% of total energy supplied with fuel to the engine. The results of the examinations were compared to the examinations for the engine fuelled with pure diesel fuel as a reference. Addition of alcohol to diesel fuel had a positive effect on the level of mean indicated pressure, thermal efficiency and stability of the research engine. The increase in energy percentage of each alcohol to 55% during co-combustion with diesel fuel led to the mean increase in indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) by 22%, mean increase of indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) by almost 13% and reduction in coefficient of variation COVIMEP by 52%. Of the alcohols analysed in the study, methanol was the most beneficial in terms of high indicated pressure and high efficiency, with maximal values of IMEP = 0.86 MPa and ITE = 35.3% at DM55. Addition and increase in percentage of each alcohol to 55% led to the increase in emissions of nitrogen oxides (by 139% on average), decline of carbon oxide emissions (by 45% on average) and increase in carbon dioxide emissions (by 17% on average). However, it did not lead to significant changes in emissions of hydrocarbons. The highest content of NOx, CO and CO2 in engine exhaust were found for co-combustion of diesel fuel with addition of methanol.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A supported ionic liquid strategy has been applied for the immobilization of chiral Mn(III) salen complex. This catalyst system was utilized in the oxidative kinetic resolution of a range of ...alcohols. This catalyst can be recovered and recycled for four times without any loss of activity and enantioselectivity.
The supported ionic liquid strategy has been applied for the immobilization of chiral Mn(III) salen complex onto ionic liquid modified silica. Chiral Mn(III) salen complex was immobilized over silica through a thin film of covalently anchored imidazolium ionic liquid. These catalysts were characterized by N
2 sorption, XRD, FTIR, DRUV–vis, and elemental analysis. The results showed that the chiral Mn(III) salen complex could be successfully immobilized onto the modified mesoporous materials and that the long-range mesoporous ordering of parent supports was maintained after the immobilization. The immobilized catalyst provided good enantioselectivity and activity in the heterogeneous catalysis of the oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohol and can be recovered and recycled for four times without obvious loss of enantioselectivity and activity. Oxidative kinetic resolutions of meso-diols, hydroxyl ester and primary alcohol were also studied using this catalyst system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Investigation of emission, combustion and performance characteristics of the propanol–diesel blend.•Increased injection pressure caused to decrease the advance of injection.•The combustion duration ...of propanol blend was shorter compared to diesel fuel and increasing the injection pressure reduced the combustion duration slightly.•The lowest BSFC was found at low injection pressure.•Addition of propanol to diesel fuel resulted in a decrease in NOx emissions and smoke opacity.
In this study, the impact of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions, combustion characteristics and engine performance of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with 15%propanol-85%diesel blend (Pro15) was investigated. The engine was run at three fuel injection pressures (190, 210, and 230 bar) under two engine loads (brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of 2 bar and 4 bar) at two engine speeds (1800 rpm and 2400 rpm). The results confirmed that the increased pressure of injection caused to decrease the advance of injection. The increase in the ignition delay at high injection pressure for Pro15 was obtained less than those of low and original injection pressures. The combustion duration of Pro15 was shorter compared to petroleum-based diesel fuel. Increasing the injection pressure reduced the combustion duration slightly. The lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was found at low injection pressure for both engine loads at 2400 rpm. Also, the addition of propanol to petroleum-based diesel fuel generally resulted in a decrease in smoke opacity and NOx emissions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Aqueous alcohol/ionic liquids solutions can effectively fractionate biomass.•Chemical structure of alcohols affected delignification efficiency greatly.•Solvent solubility parameters had close ...relation with delignification efficiency.•Extremely low lignin content of 0.95% in cellulose can be achieved.
The exploration of effective deconstruction of biomass complex structures and mild fractionation into individual components is a profound challenge for the development of biorefinery. Herein, a biomass fractionation process, via treating biomass in various aqueous alcohol solutions with the catalysis of acidic ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, was demonstrated to fractionate coir and poplar into cellulose materials with a lignin content as low as 0.95% and lignin with a delignification rate of up to 98%. The participation of acidic ionic liquids into the solvent system greatly multiplied the biomass fractionation efficiency. The analysis on effects of the chemical structure and solubility parameter of alcohols on the delignification efficiency provided a rational and meaningful way to predict and screen solvent for the biomass fractionation process. Lignin in the present study exhibited similar structure with milled wood lignin, and comparable molecular and thermal properties with the conventional organosolv lignin.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•Polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) is a semiconductor promising as green photocatalyst.•C3N4 forms superoxide radicals, O2−, with less oxidant ability than OH.•It is used as ...photocatalyst in selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.•This paper reviews the state of art of C3N4 for selective alcohol oxidation.
Polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) is a semiconductor material which is a very promising green photocatalyst with good physico-chemical properties and stability. It is a metal-free carbon based non-toxic material which can be easily obtained from earth-abundant components. The robustness and versatility of C3N4 as a photo-redox catalyst allows its use for selective oxidations by heterogeneous photocatalysis. This paper reviews the state of art in the application of C3N4 as heterogeneous photocatalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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