ZSM-5 membranes were crystallized on tubular TiO
2 supports and evaluated in the permeation of a 50%/50% 1-butene/i-butene mixture. If some of the water in the standard recipe 90 SiO
2:0.225 Al
2O
...3:1 Na
2O:3.6 TPAOH:1.8 TPABr:1800 H
2O was substituted by the same molar amount of short-chain length alcohol, the fluxes and permeances increased remarkably but the 1-butene/i-butene shape selectivity decreased only slightly. This experimental finding is attributed to additional non-zeolite micropores which are formed by the presence of alcohols in the synthesis batch. Since the formation of this additional pore system is linked to a decrease of the crystal size in the membrane layer, the increased length of grain boundaries could represent the structural origin of these additional non-zeolite pores. In a membrane preparation if 25% of the molar amount of water was substituted by ethanol, the 1-butene flux increased by the factor of two, but the mixture separation factor decreased by only 30%. Therefore, relatively thick ZSM-5 layers of about 30
μm gave 1-butene permeances of the order of 1
m
3(STP)
m
−2
h
−1
bar
−1 with permselectivities of 20 and mixture separation factor of 6. The testing of the ZSM-5 membranes took place under practice-relevant conditions, i.e. with undiluted feeds and without applying sweep gases or reduced pressure on the permeate side.
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This overview reviews the establishment and evolution of the Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD). It outlines its current organisation and updated research direction, and ...discusses SoRAD’s future challenges and opportunities. SoRAD was established at Stockholm University to strengthen and support Swedish social science research on alcohol and drugs. It became active in 1999, and quickly grew in research efforts and reputation, while experiencing setbacks around 2006 and 2017. In 2018 SoRAD merged with the Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), to form a new Department of Public Health Sciences. In its new suit, SoRAD acts as a research centre within the teaching department. The research activities on alcohol and other drugs and gambling behaviour and problems may be categorised into four main areas: social epidemiology; subcultures and social worlds of use and heavy use; policy formation, implementation and societal responses; and societal and other collective definitions of problems and solutions. The new arrangements, with an increased staff pool and close interplay with higher education, provide a more stable and long-term platform for achieving the main mission of promoting and developing social science research on addictive substances and behaviours and related problems.
Carbon-supported platinum catalysts were shown highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of various types of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and carboxylic ...acids, using a low pressure of air and a temperature of 100
°C. Especially, alcohols could be oxidized to afford the aldehyde in high yields in dioxane, whereas the carboxylic acid was selectively produced in dioxane/aqueous solution mixtures or dioxane/alkaline aqueous solution mixtures. The dispersion of the platinum catalyst was dependent on the carbon activation treatment and on the method of preparation and it influenced significantly the activity and the resulting selectivity. The platinum catalyst prepared by impregnation of CO
2-activated carbon showed the best results compared to platinum catalysts prepared on air-activated carbon or by cationic exchange.
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This article provides an overview of the applications of biosensors in analysis and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment. Special attention is devoted to the various ...types of physical-chemical signal transduction elements, biological mechanisms employed as sensing elements and techniques used for immobilisation of the bioreceptor molecules on the transducer surface. Two different classes of biosensors for EDCs are considered: biosensors that measure endocrine-disrupting effects, and biosensors that respond to the presence of a specific substance (or group of substances) based on the specific recognition of a biomolecule. Several examples of them are presented to illustrate the power of the biosensor technology for environmental applications. Future trends in the development of new, more advanced devices are also outlined.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
SAŽETAK: Ovim radom ispitivana je učestalost uzimanja alkohola kod radnika koji rade u različitim tipovima smjenskog rada u šest različitih radnih organizacija u Republici Hrvatskoj u kojima dominira ...smjenski rad. Ispitivanje je provedeno upitnikom Hrvatskog zavoda za zaštitu zdravlja i sigurnost na radu. Ciljevi rada bili su analiza povezanosti smjenskog rada i navike pijenja alkohola u odnosu na stupanj obrazovanja, privrednu granu, djelatnost radne organizacije ispitanika i vrstu rada te percepciju vlastitog slobodnog vremena. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 860 ispitanika, od kojih je 688 (80,0 %) bilo muškog spola. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajnu razliku u učestalosti uporabe alkohola između pojedinih radnih organizacija (p<0,001) te razliku u konzumaciji između spolova (muškarci piju više, p<0,001). Najveći utjecaj smjenskog rada na naviku pijenja alkohola, ali i na ometanje slobodnog vremena zabilježen je kod radnika koji rade 7 do 15 noćnih smjena mjesečno. Od prediktorskih varijabli koje značajno povećavaju pijenje alkohola izdvajaju se: muški spol (muškarci imaju 4,33 puta veću šansu pijenja alkohola), utjecaj smjenskog rada na slobodno vrijeme (veći skor povećava šanse 1,32 puta) te mlađa dob (za svaku godinu života manje, šanse rastu 1/0,98=1,02 puta ili 2 %). Iz ovog modela može se utvrditi da je najvažnija intervencijska skupina u prevenciji pijenja alkohola na radnom mjestu skupina mlađih muškaraca u kojih smjenski rad značajno ometa njihovo slobodno vrijeme. Ovo istraživanje upućuje na ključnu preventivnu ulogu specijalista medicine rada u edukaciji radnika o štetnosti konzumacije alkohola te na osvješćivanje i radnika i poslodavca u težnji za nultom tolerancijom konzumiranja alkohola na radnim mjestima.
SUMMARY: The aim of the study was to show whether there is a link between alcohol consumption, level of education, shift work and the perception of the quality of life. This study examined the prevalence of alcohol consumption among employees working in different types of shift work in six different organizations in the Republic of Croatia. The survey was conducted with a questionnaire designed by the Croatian Institute for Health Protection and Safety at Work. The study aimed to estimate the use of alcohol in relation to the level of education, economic sector, business and labour organization and alcohol consumption in relation to the workers' perception of their own free time. The study included 860 subjects, of whom 688 (80.0%) were male. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the frequency of alcohol use among individual work organizations (p <0.001) and a difference in consumption between the sexes (men drink more alcohol, p <0.001). The biggest impact of shift work on the habit of alcohol drinking and in disturbance of free time was found in the group working 7 to 15 night shifts per month. This study points to the crucial role of occupational medicine in worker education regarding the harmful effects of alcohol consumption and raising awareness of workers and employers as to the importance of zero tolerance of alcohol consumption in the workplace.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Latar belakang: tali pusat merupakan tempat yang sangat ideal untuk tumbuhnyabakteri, oleh karena itu pencegahan infeksi bakteri merupakan tindakan utama yangharus dilaksanakan dalam perawatan tali ...pusat. Menjaga agar tali pusat selalu keringdan bersih merupakan prinsip utama. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui peran alkohol70%, povidon-iodine 10% dan kasa kering steril dalam pencegahan infeksi padaperawatan tali pusat.Metoda: telah dilakukan penelitian pemberian alkohol 70 %, povidon-iodin 10 %, sertakasa kering steril, dalam perawatan tali pusat pasca pemotongan untuk mencegahterjadinya infeksi, serta membandingkan lama lepasnya tali pusat. Penelitian dilaksanakandi Ruang Neonatalogi Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUD Ulin/FK UNLAMBanjarmasin. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan 12 kali atau sampai talipusat lepas.Hasil: dari tiga jenis perlakuan tidak didapatkan tanda-tanda adanya infeksi tali pusatdemikian pula lama lepasnya tali pusat tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (alkohol70 %: 7,33 hari, povidon-iodine: 10 %: 7,25 hari, dan kasa kering steril: 6,42 hari).Kesimpulan: dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa perawatan tali pusat denganmenggunakan alkohol 70%, povidone-iodine 10% dan kasa kering steril dapat mencegahterjadinya infeksi tali pusat dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap lama lepasnya tali pusat.Namun bila dipandang dari segi ekonomi perawatan tali pusat dengan kasa kering sterildinilai lebih ekonomis dibandingkan perawatan tali pusat dengan menggunakan alkohol70% dan povidone-iodine 10%.
The social costs of alcohol consumption in Sweden are still a challenge for alcohol policy. The privileges of the alcohol monopoly ‘Systembolaget’ established in 1950s of twentienth century have been ...gradually stepped back since Sweden's access to the EU. The author's aim is to verify the thesis of the complementary character of instruments for affecting the alcohol market (i.e. the regulatory and allocation policy) under conditions of the internal and external pressures on the Swedish monopoly.
The methodology involves a critical study of recent literature works and legal documents as well as an analysis of statistical data.
While effectively restricting the physical availability of alcohol, the monopoly succeeded also in shaping social attitudes to alcohol consumption. Regulations of excise duty rates and social campaigns made it possible for ‘Systembolaget’ to promote moderate alcohol consumption and effectively encourage the use of wine instead of other alcohol types.
The undertaken analysis opens the way to a discussion on the possible effects of demonopolisation. Along with concerns regarding age limits controls in a free market model, an important argument against the abolition of ‘Systembolaget’ is its potential in meeting consumer expectations and shaping public opinion.
The thesis of the complementary character of alcohol policy instruments can be verified positively. Liberal tendencies in EU regulations make the allocative policy, with support of regulatory policy, a natural way to stabilise the monopoly's market share. Its publicity campaigns can be a lesson for countries with more liberal alcohol policies, including Poland.
Społeczne konsekwencje konsumpcji alkoholu w Szwecji stanowią istotne wyzwanie dla państwowej polityki alkoholowej. Zakres przywilejów utworzonego w latach 50. XX w. monopolu spirytusowego był stopniowo ograniczany wraz z akcesją Szwecji do UE. Celem autora jest sprawdzenie tezy o komplementarnym charakterze instrumentów oddziaływania na rynek alkoholowy (w ramach polityki regulacyjnej i alokacyjnej) w warunkach presji otoczenia zewnętrznego i wewnętrznego na działalność szwedzkiego monopolu.
Przeprowadzono krytyczne studium literatury przedmiotu i wybranych aktów prawnych oraz analizę zagregowanych danych statystycznych.
Przy skutecznym wykorzystaniu narzędzi ograniczania fizycznej dostępności alkoholu szwedzki monopol efektywnie wdrażał narzędzia kształtowania społecznych postaw wobec spożywania trunków oraz kształtowania opinii publicznej. Regulacja stawek akcyzy wraz z polityką oddziaływania na opinię publiczną (publicity) umożliwiły monopolowi realizację celu promowania umiarkowanej konsumpcji alkoholu ze zwiększonym udziałem wina zamiast alkoholu spirytusowego i mocnego piwa.
Analiza przemian na szwedzkim rynku alkoholowym otwiera drogę do dyskusji na temat możliwych korzyści i zagrożeń płynących z demonopolizacji rynku. Poza obawami m.in. przed wątpliwym rygorem przestrzegania limitów wiekowych w wolnorynkowym modelu sprzedaży ważnym argumentem przeciwników demonopolizacji jest zdolność monopolu Systembolaget do wychodzenia naprzeciw oczekiwaniom konsumentów i kształtowania opinii publicznej.
Wyjściowa teza o komplementarnym charakterze instrumentów polityki alkoholowej może zostać potwierdzona. Wobec liberalizacji wspólnego rynku Unii Europejskiej, naturalne wydaje się sięganie po instrumenty polityki alokacyjnej, które w znaczący sposób, ale nie bez wsparcia polityki regulacyjnej, przyczyniły się do utrzymania pozycji szwedzkiego monopolu na rynku. Ponadto jego polityka oddziaływania na opinię publiczną może służyć za przykład dla krajów o bardziej liberalnych politykach alkoholowych, w tym dla Polski.
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The esterification of propionic acid was investigated using three different alcohols, namely, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol. The variation of conversion with time for the ...synthesis of isoamyl propionate was investigated in the presence of five enzymes. Novozym 435 showed the highest activity, and this was used as the enzyme for investigating the various parameters that influence the esterification reaction. The Ping-Pong Bi-Bi model with inhibition by both acid and alcohol was used to model the experimental data and determine the kinetics of the esterification reaction.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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