•Higher childhood trauma exposure frequency predicted elevated adulthood major depressive (MDD), panic (PD), and alcohol use disorders (AUD).•Longitudinal structural equation modeling mediation ...analyses were conducted.•Trait anger expression mediated the relation between childhood trauma and adulthood MDD.•Greater retrospective childhood trauma was associated with higher trait anger expression.•Higher trait anger expression predicted future MDD, PD, and AUD, but not GAD.
General aggression and evolutionary models posit that more severe early exposure experiences to trauma (physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or neglect) place one at risk for adulthood psychopathology through heightened trait anger expression–internal (Anger-In) and external (Anger-Out). However, there are a dearth of empirical studies explaining the longitudinal childhood maltreatment–adulthood psychopathology relation.
Therefore, this study investigated if childhood maltreatment exposure severity predicted elevated adulthood major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Moreover, we tested if trait anger expression – internal and external – mediated the childhood maltreatment–adulthood MDD, GAD, PD, and AUD symptom associations.
Participants took part in two waves of measurement spaced approximately 9 years apart. Time 1 childhood trauma severity (retrospectively-reported Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), Time 2 Anger-In and Anger-Out (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), and Time 3 adulthood MDD, GAD, PD (Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form), and AUD (Alcohol Screening Test) diagnoses were measured.
Anger-Out and Anger-In partially mediated the relations between childhood trauma severity and adulthood psychopathology diagnoses after adjusting for Time 2 symptoms. Higher Time 1 childhood trauma severity was related to greater Time 2 Anger-Out and Anger-In, and increased Time 2 Anger-Out and Anger-In were thereby related to elevated Time 3 adulthood MDD, PD and AUD, but not GAD severity. Trait anger accounted for 14 to 50% of the variance of childhood trauma–adulthood MDD, PD and AUD relations.
Theoretical and clinical implications, such as the need for trauma-informed care, are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The study examined the relationship between sleep quality and anger expression in nurses.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in a city hospital in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey from ...February 2020 to November 2020. The sample included 340 nurses. The data collection form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Trait Anger, and Anger Expression Style Scales were used. Data were evaluated with Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis H, Bonferroni correction test, and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Nurses' Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was found as 8.26 ± 2.88, the trait anger score was 20.42 ± 5.11, the anger control score was 21.49 ± 4.49, and the anger-out score was 14.28 ± 3.73. There was a statistically significant relationship between nurses' Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and trait anger; a negative relationship in anger control, and a positive relationship in anger-in (p ˂ .05).
It was concluded that there is a relationship between sleep quality and anger expression style occurring in nurses. In-service training on anger expression and anger control for nurses after graduation is believed to be essential and also to arrange nurses' working hours to increase sleep quality and to provide anger management.
•Insomnia can cause to various disorders, negative effects on social life, professional dissatisfaction and uncontrolled anger.•It has been determined that there is a relationship between nurses' sleep quality and anger expression.•It can be essential to train nurses on anger and its control at regular intervals after the graduation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Explores how driving anger expression (DAX) can explain traffic locus of control (T-LOC) and crash involvement.•Males, younger drivers, and those with<10 years of driving experience reported more ...aggressive anger expression.•External T-LOC was significantly higher in middle-aged drivers and those with 11–20 years of driving experience.•Drivers with adaptive anger expression orientation were less likely to report a high level of external T-LOC.•The use of the vehicle to express anger increased the probability of external T-LOC and crash involvement.
Since driving anger expression and its adverse consequences is an issue that has not been resolved over the last years or even has increased among Iranian drivers over time, this study aimed to evaluate the driving anger expression (DAX) and its impacts on the traffic locus of control (T-LOC) and crash involvement among drivers in Tehran, Iran. By collecting data from 1035 participants, exploratory factor analysis identified significant constructs of DAX including “Adaptive, “Verbal anger expression”, “Use of the vehicle to express anger”, and “Personal physical anger expression” and T-LOC including “Self”, “Other drivers”, “Vehicle/environment”, and “Fate/luck”. A two-phase approach of K-means clustering and a logistic regression model was then used to evaluate the effects of driving anger expression on T-LOC and crash involvement. The results revealed that while males and younger drivers reported more aggressive orientation in driving anger situations, females, older drivers, and those with higher driving experience significantly showed a higher level of adaptive orientation in driving anger situations. The logistic regression models showed that external T-LOC (believing that other people and factors are responsible for an accident, not themselves) was significantly higher in middle-aged drivers and those with 11–20 years of driving experience. Also, drivers with adaptive anger expression were less likely to report a high level of external T-LOC. On the other hand, the use of the vehicle to express anger increased the probability of external T-LOC. According to the results, using the vehicle to express anger can significantly increase the probability of crash involvement among drivers.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Previous research on personality in the driving context mostly focused on the negative and maladaptive personality traits. The present study investigated the links between the Light Triad traits with ...driving style and driving anger expression. The Light Triad framework emphasizes the positive side of the personality and it consists of humanism, faith in humanity, and Kantianism. A total of 376 active drivers (50.3 % women) aged between 18 and 70 completed the online questionnaire including the Light Triad Scale (Kaufman et al., 2019), Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ; Reason et al., 1990), and Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX, Deffenbacher et al., 2002). Ordinary violations, aggressive violations, and positive driver behaviors subscales of the DBQ were used to measure driving style, and the DAX was used to measure the aggressive and adaptive/constructive forms of driving anger expression. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of the Light Triad traits with each driving style and driving anger expression dimension after controlling for age, gender, and total mileage. The findings generally supported the expected associations. That is, some traits of the Light Triad yielded negative associations with aberrant driver behaviors and aggressive forms of driving anger. On the other hand, the opposite pattern was found in the analyses with positive driver behaviors and adaptive/constructive expression of driving anger. The findings are discussed in the light of relevant literature.
Experiencing victimization or mistreatment often induces feelings of anger. The catharsis hypothesis suggests that venting anger may aid in alleviating these negative emotions. Although this ...hypothesis has faced criticism, therapeutic interventions rooted in catharsis are employed to assist victims in managing their anger. One notable application of the catharsis principle in psychotherapeutic practice with victims involves engaging in aggressive fantasies: Victims who harbor aggressive fantasies against their offenders are supported in working with these fantasies to navigate the complex emotions arising from their victimization. Research investigating the effects of aggressive fantasizing on victims has yielded inconsistent findings, with some studies indicating positive and others suggesting negative outcomes. Herein, we examine whether (instructed) aggressive fantasizing diminishes (catharsis hypothesis) or heightens (escalation hypothesis) subsequent aggressive inclinations compared to non‐aggressive fantasizing. Additionally, the moderating role of victims' dispositional tendencies to express anger, specifically Anger Expression‐out and Anger Expression‐control, in the relationship between aggressive fantasizing and aggressive inclinations was examined. We recruited individuals (N = 245) who had experienced victimization through highly unfair treatment and instructed them to imagine confronting their wrongdoer using either aggressive or non‐aggressive communication. Participants then reported their aggressive inclinations. Data supported the escalation hypothesis, revealing that aggressive fantasizing amplifies subsequent aggressive inclinations. Importantly, individuals with higher Anger Expression‐out demonstrated greater susceptibility to this effect; whereas, Anger Expression‐control did not moderate the link between aggressive fantasizing and inclinations. These findings further challenge the catharsis hypothesis and underscore the role of dispositional anger expression tendencies on the effects of aggressive fantasizing.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which patient anger arousal and behavioral anger regulation (expression, inhibition) occurring in the course of daily life was ...related to patient pain and function as rated by patients and their spouses. Method: Married couples (N = 105) (one spouse with chronic low back pain) completed electronic daily diaries, with assessments 5 times/day for 14 days. Patients completed items on their own state anger, behavioral anger expression and inhibition, and pain-related factors. Spouses completed items on their observations of patient pain-related factors. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test concurrent and lagged relationships. Results: Patient-reported increases in state anger were related to their reports of concurrent increases in pain and pain interference and to spouse reports of patient pain and pain behavior. Patient-reported increases in behavioral anger expression were related to lagged increases in pain intensity and interference and decreases in function. Most of these relationships remained significant with state anger controlled. Patient-reported increases in behavioral anger inhibition were related to concurrent increases in pain interference and decreases in function, which also remained significant with state anger controlled. Patient-reported increases in state anger were related to lagged increases in spouse reports of patient pain intensity and pain behaviors. Conclusions: Results indicate that in patients with chronic pain, anger arousal and behavioral anger expression and inhibition in everyday life are related to elevated pain intensity and decreased function as reported by patients. Spouse ratings show some degree of concordance with patient reports.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by anger rumination and expression, and these features are associated with Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS/BAS). This ...longitudinal study investigates the role of effective and ineffective coping strategies in mediating the association between BIS/BAS and anger rumination/expression in patients with BPD. This longitudinal study was performed on outpatients with BPD referring to two clinical and research centers in China from June 2019 to June 2021. A total of 340 patients with BPD were included in this study. Participants were investigated with BIS/BAS and Brief COPE at baseline and with anger rumination/expression questionnaire at a one-year follow-up session. Our findings demonstrated a significant indirect effect of BAS-Reward and BAS-Drive through problem-based coping skills on anger expression one year later. Besides, we found a significant indirect effect of BIS through avoidant coping skills on anger rumination one year later. Nonetheless, we failed to show a significant mediatory role for emotion-based coping skills. Our findings might have valuable implications for future studies that investigate anger management strategies based on personality traits and coping skills of patients with BPD.
•Borderline personality disorder is characterized by anger rumination/expression.•An indirect effect of BAS via problem-based coping skills on anger expression•An indirect effect of BIS through avoidant coping skills on anger rumination•We failed to show a significant mediatory role for emotion-based coping skills.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Anger expressed in organizations conveys potent social information that influences social perceptions and determines subsequent relationships among employees. The present research examined how ...cultural contexts and hierarchical structure of a given relationship interact to shape perceptions of anger expression. Conducting a survey on subsidiary employees of a multinational high-tech company, Study 1 showed that employees from the Confucian Asian culture (specifically Korea) evaluate anger expressed by high-status counterparts (i.e., managers) more positively in terms of appropriateness and effectiveness compared to those from the Anglo culture (specifically the United States). Study 2, which was based on different samples from the same company, showed that employees from another Confucian Asian country (Japan), compared to those from the Anglo culture (the United States), provide more positive evaluations of the anger expressed by high-status counterparts. In contrast, Study 2 further showed that this cultural difference is reversed when anger is expressed by equal-status counterparts (coworkers). Finally, Study 3 replicated the findings of Study 2 using online-recruited samples and further demonstrated that Confucian Asian sample (Koreans) is more likely to decide to hire a job applicant who expressed anger as a leader than Anglo sample (Americans) is. In contrast, this pattern is reversed when considering a job applicant who expressed anger as a coworker. Theoretical and practical implications for social emotions and cross-cultural management are discussed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
MAD-DAX: Anger and driver behaviours on the road Öztürk, İbrahim; Bıçaksız, Pınar; Üzümcüoğlu, Yeşim ...
Transportation research. Part F, Traffic psychology and behaviour,
April 2024, 2024-04-00, Volume:
102
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
•Trait anger and driving anger were studied in relation to driver behaviours and anger expression through driver skills.•The source of anger revealed differences in behaviours based on the perceived ...level of driver skills.•Higher levels of anger due to the behaviours of others resulted in more errors for less skilled drivers.•For skilled drivers, anger due to the behaviours of others was positively related to positive behaviours.
Anger is a common emotion in everyday life, and in the context of driving, the experience of greater anger has been positively associated with aggressive behaviour, near-misses and crashes. Although the effect of anger on driver behaviour has been studied, the role of the source of anger and the perceived level of skill of the driver experiencing anger, based on self-reported behaviour, is not well understood. In this context, the aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships of trait anger and driving anger with driver behaviours in relation to driver skills. A total of 369 drivers aged 18–58 years (M = 24.53, SD = 7.65) completed a questionnaire consisting of the Trait Anger Scale (TAS), the Measure for Angry Drivers (MAD), the Driver Skills Inventory (DSI), the Driver Behaviours Questionnaire (DBQ), the Positive Driver Behaviour Scale (PDBS) and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX). The factor analyses for the Turkish adaptations of the MAD and DAX supported the original factorial structures. For less skilled drivers, experiencing more anger due to the behaviours of others was associated with more errors. For skilled drivers, higher levels of anger due to the behaviours of others were associated with more personal physical anger expression and positive behaviours. Similarly, for the same group of drivers, higher levels of anger due to traffic delays were associated with more errors. The findings revealed a complex relationship between driving-specific anger and driver behaviours based on different levels of driver skills, contrary to non-significant relations of trait anger. Anger provoked by the context/situation-based reason, as opposed to trait anger, was associated with more general driving style (i.e., errors and positive behaviours) through driver skills. For the first time in literature, the relationship between anger and driver behaviour has been addressed in this study within the context of driver skill. The results provided valuable information to better understand how different situations that can trigger anger may relate to different behaviours for drivers with different levels of perceived skills. The results may contribute to more targeted intervention programmes to reduce driving anger, aberrant behaviour, and associated outcomes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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