Maximizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells that can exceed the Shockley-Queisser single-cell limit requires a high-performing, stable perovskite top ...cell with a wide bandgap. We developed a stable perovskite solar cell with a bandgap of ~1.7 electron volts that retained more than 80% of its initial PCE of 20.7% after 1000 hours of continuous illumination. Anion engineering of phenethylammonium-based two-dimensional (2D) additives was critical for controlling the structural and electrical properties of the 2D passivation layers based on a lead iodide framework. The high PCE of 26.7% of a monolithic two-terminal wide-bandgap perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell was made possible by the ideal combination of spectral responses of the top and bottom cells.
Having access to clean water is a mandatory requirement for the proper development of living beings. So, addressing the removal of contaminants from aquatic systems should be a priority research ...topic in order to restore ecosystem balance and secure a more sustainable future. The fascinating structures and striking physical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have revealed them as excellent platforms for the removal of harmful species from water. In this review, we have focused our attention on critically highlighting the latest developments achieved in the adsorptive removal of inorganic - metal cations, inorganic acids, oxyanions/cations, nuclear wastes and other inorganic anions - and organic - pharmaceuticals and personal care products, artificial sweeteners and feed additives, agricultural products, organic dyes and industrial products - contaminants commonly found in wastewater using MOF technologies. In particular, we have attempted to give a clear insight into the different synthetic strategies for water remediation, stressing the wide tunability of MOFs. For this purpose, we have classified these two kinds of pollutants into different subfamilies, based on their chemical composition or common use. Finally, we have proposed some future trends and challenges that need to be addressed for widening the range of applicability of MOFs and making solid headway towards sustainable development.
Having access to clean water is a mandatory requirement for the proper development of living beings.
Enzyme inhibited: The important role of anion–π interactions that are present in the active site of the urate oxidase enzyme is reported (see picture). The inhibition of this enzyme by cyanide ions ...is caused by the existence of an anion–π interaction between the inhibitor and the enzymatic substrate. This investigation extends the relevance of anion–π interactions to important fields such as enzyme chemistry.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To further our understanding of the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process, and to aid in the optimization of the process, it is important to identify the mechanisms of coating formation. In the ...present work, coatings up to 110μm thick were produced on an AJ62 Mg-alloy substrate using the PEO process. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was employed to follow the microdischarges and substrate and electrolyte elements present in the plasma discharge during the coating growth, and to determine plasma electron temperatures. During PEO processing of magnesium, some of the metal cations are transferred outwards from the substrate and react with anions to form ceramic coatings. Also, due to the high electric field in the discharge channels, oxygen anions transfer toward the magnesium substrate and react with Mg2+ cations to form a ceramic coating. In PEO process, the ceramic coating grows inwards to the alloy substrate and outwards to the coating surface simultaneously. The total coating thickness variation compared with the geometrical dimensions of the uncoated and coated samples were investigated. For the coating growth, there are three simultaneous processes taking place, namely the electrochemical reactions, the plasma chemical reactions and thermal diffusion. Oxygen diffusion occurring during PEO processing is discussed in terms of coating growth mechanisms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative cations (TPE
) and Eu
-β-diketone complex anions (Eu(ABM)
) were combined to construct a novel dual energy transfer system (TPE
to Eu
and ABM to Eu
). Our system ...exhibits tunable luminescence in DMF/water mixtures under different
conditions owing to the AIE and ACQ properties of TPE
and ABM, respectively. Its luminescence can be also regulated by adding P-containing oxysalts or polyacrylic acids.
We have successfully synthesized and characterized two different new diaminomalenonitrile based Schiff bases. Both the molecules act as an efficient colorimetric sensor for fluoride and cyanide ...anions. The detection of anions induced by deprotonation and the following charge transfer (CT) transition red shifted with a fluorescence ‘turn-on’. Anion selectivity was controlled by the fluorophore attached to the DMN, the fluorophore can tune the electron push–pull property. This phenomenon was confirmed by 1H NMR and DFT calculations.
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•We have synthesized and characterized two different diaminomalenonitrile based Schiff bases.•Both the molecules act as efficient colorimetric sensor for fluoride and cyanide anions.•The detection of anions induced by deprotonation and followed charge transfer (CT) transition red shifted with a fluorescence ‘turn-on’.•Anion selectivity was controlled by the fluorophore attached to the DMN, the fluorophore can tune the electron push–pull property.
Two new diaminomalenonitrile (DMN) based Schiff bases have been synthesized and explored as a highly efficient receptor for fluoride and cyanide anions. Detection of anions induced by deprotonation of –NH2 followed by transfer of proton to the electron deficient nitrogen atom of –CN which induce the strong charge transfer (CT). Anion selectivity was controlled by the fluorophore attached to the DMN, the fluorophore can tune the electron push–pull property. This phenomenon was confirmed by 1H NMR and DFT calculations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this study, we investigate the isolated effect of anion type on the chemical, thermal, and conductive properties of imidazolium-based polymerized ionic liquids (PILs). PILs with various anions at ...constant average chain length were prepared by ion exchange with a water-soluble PIL precursor, (poly(1-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide) (poly(MEBIm–Br)). NMR, IR, and elemental analysis confirm that anion exchange of ploy(MEBIm–Br) with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI), tetrafluoroborate (BF
4), trifluoromethanesulfonate (Tf), and hexafluorophosphate (PF
6) in water resulted in nearly fully exchanged PILs. As a function of anion type, the glass transition temperature plays a dominant role, but not the sole role in determining ion conductivity. Other factors affecting ionic conductivity include the size and symmetry of the anion and dissociation energy of the ion pair. Both the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) and Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equations were employed to investigate the temperature dependent ionic conductivities. The
C
1
g
(9.03) and
C
2
g
(168 K) values obtained from the WLF regression of these PILs greatly deviate from the classical WLF values originally obtained from the mechanical relaxation of uncharged polymers (
C
1
g
= 17.44,
C
2
g
= 51.6 K) and the WLF values obtained from the conductive properties of other polymer electrolytes. This suggests that the fractional free volume (
f (
T
g
) = B/(2.303
C
1
g
)) and Vogel temperature (
T
0 =
T
g
−
C
2
g
) are strong functions of ion concentration, where high free volume allows for ion mobility at temperatures farther below the glass transition temperature of the polymer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Patients with liver diseases not only experience the adverse effects of liver-metabolized drugs, but also the unexpected adverse effects of renally excreted drugs. Bile acids alter the expression of ...renal drug transporters, however, the direct effects of bile acids on drug transport remain unknown. Renal drug transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide 4C1 (OATP4C1) was reported to be inhibited by chenodeoxycholic acid. Therefore, we predicted that the inhibition of OATP4C1-mediated transport by bile acids might be a potential mechanism for the altered pharmacokinetics of renally excreted drugs. We screened 45 types of bile acids and calculated the IC50, Ki values, and bile acid−drug interaction (BDI) indices of bile acids whose inhibitory effect on OATP4C1 was >50%. From the screening results, lithocholic acid (LCA), glycine-conjugated lithocholic acid (GLCA), and taurine-conjugated lithocholic acid (TLCA) were newly identified as inhibitors of OATP4C1. Since the BDI index of LCA was 0.278, LCA is likely to inhibit OATP4C1-mediated transport in clinical settings. Our findings suggest that dose adjustment of renally excreted drugs may be required in patients with renal failure as well as in patients with hepatic failure. We believe that our findings provide essential information for drug development and safe drug treatment in clinics.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D) for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions in liquid ...product obtained from the hydrothermal treatment of biomass residues is presented. Under the optimal analytical conditions, limits of detection ranged from 1.8 to 9.4 μM for most target solutes and 53 μM for citrate. Relative standard deviations were below 0.5% for migration times and within 0.6–6.5% for peak areas for all solutes. The proposed method was successfully applied for the rapid determination and screening of inorganic and organic anions in liquid product produced following differing hydrothermal treatment temperatures for banana and pineapple biomass, and the contribution of organic acid formation to acidity in the liquid was evaluated. CE‐C4D could be a suitable method for the optimization or tailoring of HTT conditions for desired liquid product composition, and additionally for determination of the best variety(s) of biomass to use in such processes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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