This open access book focuses on public actors with a role in the settlement of investment disputes. Traditional studies on actors in international investment law have tended to concentrate on ...arbitrators, claimant investors and respondent states. Yet this focus on the “principal” players in investment dispute settlement has allowed a number of other seminal actors to be neglected. This book seeks to redress this imbalance by turning the spotlight on the latter. From the investor’s home state to domestic courts, from sub-national governments to international organisations, and from political risk insurance agencies to legal defence teams in national ministries, the book critically reviews these overlooked public actors in international investment law.
The paper elaborates the possibility of extending the arbitration clause to entities which are not formal parties to the arbitration agreement (Non-Signatories) through the piercing of the corporate ...veil. Piercing of the corporate veil is a company law concept through which separate legal existence of a company is being disregarded (pierced) in order for the creditors to be able to expand their claims against the company to assets or other rights of the company's shareholders. Basic substantive company law standards for piercing the corporate veil are explained. A stance is taken that under Croatian law, in line with comparative legal literature and views of renowned scholars, it would be allowed to expand an arbitration clause to a Non-Signatory shareholder of the company if certain conditions are met. It is pointed out that the piercing of the corporate veil in corporate law, as well as a method of extension of the arbitration clause, is an exception to the general rule and thus imposes a high standard of proof and places the burden of proof on the party invoking its application. Piercing of the corporate veil is compared to some other typical cases of extending arbitration clauses to Non-Signatories. The most common cases and reasons for piercing are illustrated. In conclusion, practitioners are advised on how to draw up arbitration clauses to avoid the need to expand its application altogether through this method, and are being cautioned against the circumstances which need to be taken into account if the extension of the arbitration clause through the piercing of the corporate veil is considered.
Uporedno-pravna rešenja podstiču arbitražno rešavanje sporova u oblasti sporta, a pravila mnogih međunarodnih sportskih saveza zabranjuju članicama da vode sudske sporove pod pretnjom zabrane nastupa ...na međunarodnim takmičenjima. Najznačajniji i najpopularniji arbitražni sud za razrešavanje međunarodnih sporova u domenu sporta jeste Arbitražni sud za sport Lozani (The Court of Arbitration for Sport – CAS) sa sedištem u Lozani (Švajcarska). Da bi CAS bio nadležan za rešavanje određenog spora, on mora biti podoban za arbitražu i mora postojati punovažan arbitražni sporazum. Osim toga, za punovažnost odluka CAS-a važe isti procesni zahtevi kao i za odluke državnih sudova: nezavisnost suda, pravo stranke da bude saslušana, pravo na pošteno suđenje, zabrana retroaktivnih pravila i kazni, načelo ne bis in idem, načelo proporcionalnosti u odmeravanju kazne, načelo nezavisnosti sudije, načelo pisanog obrazloženja odluke. Autor u radu razmatra pitanje punovažnosti i obaveznosti odluka koje donosi CAS i mogućnosti njihovog osporavanja pred nacionalnim sudovima, kako nacionalnim sudovima prema sedištu CAS-a tako i nacionalnim sudovima strana u sportu (u postupku izvršenja odluka CAS-a ili nezavisno od toga). Ovo pitanje je posebno razmotreno u svetlu tzv. slučaja Pechstein (tužba Claudie Pechstein protiv International Skating Union za naknadu štete zbog dvogodišnje zabrane takmičenja usled dopinga) koji je svoj epilog dobio presudom nemačkog Vrhovnog saveznog suda (Bundesgerichtshof) od 7. juna 2016. godine, a ticao se upravo punovažnosti arbitražnog sporazuma o nadležnosti CAS-a i priznavanja odluke CAS-a, kao strane arbitražne odluke, od nemačkih sudova.
Comparative law solutions encourage resolving disputes in the area of sport through arbitration, and instigation of court proceedings is forbidden by the rules of many national sport associations under the sanction of barring the athlete from international competing. The most important and most popular arbitration court for resolving the international disputes in the area of sport is the Court of Arbitration for Sport – CAS based in Lausanne (Switzerland). Jurisdiction will be given to the CAS if it is competent for arbitration and if there is valid arbitration agreement. Furthermore, same procedural demands apply to the CAS decisions as for the ruling of national courts: judicial independence, the right of the party to a hearing, the right to a fair trial, forbidding ex post facto laws and sanctions, principle ne bis in idem, principle of proportionality of punishment, principle of a judge impartiality, principle of reasoning behind the decision made in writing. In his paper, the author considers the issue of validity and enforceability of the decisions made by the CAS, and possibility of their denial in front of national courts according to headquarters of the CAS, as well as national courts of the parties to a dispute (in the proceedings of enforcement of the CAS decisions or regardless of that). This issue is particularly considered in the light of so-called Pechsteins case (complaint of Claudia Pechstein against the International Skating Union requesting compensation for receiving two-year ban from competition because of doping results) which was resolved by the ruling of the German Federal Court (Bundesgerichtshof) from 07th June, 2016, and where it was dealt exactly with validity of the arbitration agreement on the CAS jurisdiction and recognition of the CAS ruling as a foreign arbitration decision by the German national courts.
Arbitration is a means of peaceful settlement of disputes. The basis of arbitration is agreement between parties that they will solve their dispute by means of arbitration. Essential features of ...arbitration are as follows: the judgement is the implementation of positive law concerning the dispute in question; it is obligatory for the parties and hence ought to be executed. Arbitration is regulated by the Convention for the Peacific Settlement of International Disputes, Hague, 1907 and the Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, 1992. There are two types of arbitration: occasional or ad hoc arbitration and institutional arbitration. The difference between the two is as follows: either such agreement is concluded for the purpose of settling an already arisen individual dispute or there exists an earlier concluded agreement for settling future disputes through arbitration. The advantages of arbitration are flexibility and rather fast pace of proceedings, the possibility of secrecy and lesser impact of former international judgements on decisions made by arbitration councils. The Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes concluded in 1899 during the first Hague Peace Conference set ground for founding the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The seat thereof is in The Hague. The proceedings of the arbitration are more flexible when compared to the proceedings before the International Court, in which case the proceedings are strictly regulated by the provisions of the Statute. One of the examples of arbitrary disputes is the Croatia-Slovenia dispute. After failed attempts to solve boundary issues between Croatia and Slovenia, both parties decided to resolve the issue by means of arbitration. They signed the arbitration agreement. The Arbitration Tribunal was established, which should determine the course of the maritime and land boundary between the two states, Slovenia’s junction to the High Seas, and the regime for the use of the relevant maritime areas. The proceeding were initiated, but the representatives of Slovenia got hold of confidential information, which caused Croatian representatives to become justly suspicious of the credibility of the entire proceedings. Croatian representatives now request the disapplication of the agreement and the suspension of the proceedings.
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The subject around which this study is conducted relates to arbitration, as a method or alternative way of resolving disputes from the insurance policy. The topic discussed in this paper is of ...particular importance because industry respectively insurance activity represents a rather delicate activity, which wakes up considerably the interest of citizens, because through insurance they secure the most basic goods such as life, wealth, and so on. During the course of this study, I have focused on the provisions of various laws covering the insurance sector such as the Law no. 04/L-077 on Obligations, Law no. 05/L-045 on Insurance, etc., as well as in the legislation, which covers the field of arbitration, respectively in the Law no. 02/L-75 on Arbitration of the Republic of Kosovo. The settlement of disputes by the insurance policy between the parties through arbitration, gives this subject a specific character, because the use of arbitration in this field, is not studied and analyzed as much as is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with general knowledge on arbitration as an alternative way of resolving disputes between the parties to the insurance.
Predmet ovoga rada odnosi se na arbitražu kao metod ili alternativni način riješavanja sporova u osiguranju. U tekstu se raspravlja predmet koji je od posebne važnosti iz jednostavnog razloga osiguranje predstavlja vrlo osjetljivu aktivnost koja pobuđuje interes građana već iz toga što se tom djelatnošću osiguravaju temeljna dobra kao što su život, imanje, itd. U tekstu se autor fokusira na odredbe različitih propisa koji detaljnije regulioraju sektor osiguranja poput Zakona o obveznim odnosima br. 04/L-077, Zakona o osiguranju br. 05/L-045, kao i zakonodavstvo koje pokriva područje arbitriranja, posebno se to osnosi na Zakon o arbitraži Republike Kosovo no. 02/L-75. Rješavanje stranačkih sporova o mjerama osiguranja arbitražom daje ovom predmetu poseban karakter iz razloga što se arbitriranje u ovom području nije posebno istraživalo i analiziralo osim kada je to bilop nužno samo po sebi. Svrha ovoga teksta je da čitaocima pruži opće znanje o arbitraži kao alternativnom načinu riješavanja sporova između stranaka u osiguranju.
U radu se odgovara na pitanje koja su pravna sredstva dopuštena protiv pravorijeka Arbitražnog suda Hrvatskog nogometnog saveza. Također, ukazuje se na recentnu praksu Županijskog suda u Zagrebu te ...Vrhovnog suda RH u postupcima povodom tužbi za poništaj pravorijeka Arbitražnog suda HNS-a. Koautori radom analiziraju i dopustivost ustavne tužbe pred Ustavnim sudom RH u postupcima koji su završeni pred Arbitražnim sudom HNS-a sa sudskom praksom Ustavnog suda RH.
This paper answers the question of what the admissible legal means against the Croatian Football Federation arbitration court rulings are. Furthermore, it points out the recent practice of the Zagreb County Court and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia in proceedings arising from lawsuits to annul CFF Arbitration Court rulings. Further analysed is the admissibility of Constitutional lawsuits in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia in completed proceedings before the CFF Arbitration Court with court practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia.
U zadnjih dvadesetak godina nogomet kao sport evoluirao je ne samo na terenu već i ”izvan terena”. Bezbroj je primjera toga no jedan od najznačajnijih primjera u Republici Hrvatskoj zasigurno su ...nogometni arbitražni sporovi i njihovo rješavanje. Nogometni sporovi u pogledu statusnih pitanja igrača, klubova, trenera, kao i onih pitanja u svezi s naknadom za treniranje i razvoj igrača te naknadom na ime mehanizma solidarnosti između klubova i drugih udruga koji pripadaju Hrvatskom nogometnom savezu te vezano uz to i imovinskih sporova koji nastaju između pojedinih subjekata HNS-a (klub-klub, igrač-klub, trener-klub, klub-županijski nogometni savez) rješavaju se pred Arbitražnim sudom HNS-a. Koautori ovim radom objašnjavaju način vođenja i rješavanja sporova pred Arbitražnim sudom HNS-a, kao i organizacijske i postupovne odredbe Pravilnika o radu Arbitražnog suda HNS-a.
Opportunities to see expert cross-examinations are often infrequent in international arbitration and the occasions to sharpen these skills for many are rare. This book is both an invaluable teaching ...tool as well as a general guide to effective cross-examination in international arbitration. Based on extensive experience and insight from the authors and aided by practical examples, it provides a thoroughly illustrated analysis of how essential cross-examination
techniques can best be adapted to the arbitral format. Concise and well organised, it leads the reader through the different cross-examination techniques in an accessible point by point structure, presenting readers with a clear and authoritative introduction on how best to conduct a cross-examination or a
quick-reference for more experienced practitioners.
An international arbitration hearing is very different from a trial in a court and any practitioner appearing as counsel, whether common or civil law lawyers, needs to know what will happen and how it will differ in order to adapt their conduct. Hober and Sussman explore the challenges practitioners face when conducting a cross-examination in such an environment and provide practical learning aids to help overcome them. Cross Examination In International Arbitration addresses the
common issues that can occur in cross-examination in arbitrations such as adjusting the level of English to consider the competency of the panel's least competent member or how to cross-examine a witness with only the use of a written statement rather than by means of oral direct testimony. By highlighting the
common challenges which might arise, the authors present a guide which will benefit those practicing or looking to practice in this field.
U ovom tekstu autori se bave jednom odlukom Vijeća sportske arbitraže HOO-a koju smatraju neprihvatljivom i formalno i sadržajno. U odnosu na formu smatraju kako je potpuno neprihvatljivo da tako ...važna odluka (radi se o administrativnom sprečavanju realizacije ulaska u viši rang natjecanja ostvaren na igralištu) bude donesena na manje od dvije stranice. Sadržajno, izostavljena je primjena pravila tumačenja, odnosno postupljeno je kao da ciljno tumačenje (apsolutno prihvaćeno i favorizirano u Europskoj uniji) uopće ne postoji ili (ako postoji) nije bitno.
In this text, the authors analize one decision of the Sports Arbitration Council of the HOO, that they consider inadmissible both formally and substantively. They consider the form to be completely unacceptable for such an important decision (which is to administratively prevent the accomplishment of entry into the higher ranking of competitions made on the playing field) to be made to the extent of (substantively) less than two pages. In substance, the application of the rules of interpretation was omitted, that is, it was acted as if the target interpretation (as absolutely accepted and favored in the EU) didn’t matter exist at all or (if it did) it didn’t matter.
Arbitraža je jedno od sredstava mirnog rješavanja sporova. Temelj arbitraže je sporazum među strankama da će svoj spor riješiti arbitražom. Bitne značajke arbitraže su da je presuda primjena ...pozitivnog prava na konkretni spor te da je obvezna za stranke i mora se izvršiti. Arbitraža je uređena Haaškom konvencijom o mirnom rješavanju međunarodnih sporova iz 1907. te Konvencijom o mirenju i arbitraži Organizacije za europsku sigurnost i suradnju iz 1992. Postoje dvije vrste arbitraže, prigodna ili ad hoc arbitraža te institucionalna arbitraža. Razlika je u tome stvara li se taj sporazum za pojedini već nastali spor ili postoji unaprijed dana obveza da će se sporovi određene vrste ili svi budući sporovi podvrgavati arbitraži. Prednosti su arbitraže prije svega fleksibilnost postupka, brzina postupka, mogućnost tajnosti postupka te manji utjecaj prijašnjih međunarodnih presuda na odlučivanje arbitražnih vijeća. Stalni arbitražni sud osnovan je Konvencijom o mirnom rješavanju međunarodnih sporova iz 1899. Ima sjedište u Haagu. Postupak je fleksibilan, za razliku od postupka pred Međunarodnim sudom, koji je striktno uređen odredbama Statuta. Stranke same određuju pravila postupka. Stranke postupka pred Međunarodnim sudom mogu biti samo države, dok stranke arbitražnog postupka mogu biti i međunarodne organizacije, pa i drugi subjekti međunarodnog prava. Nakon neuspjelih pokušaja rješavanja graničnog pitanja Republika Hrvatska i Republika Slovenija odlučile su to pitanje riješiti arbitražom. Sklopile su Arbitražni sporazum. Tim sporazumom uspostavljen je Arbitražni sud čija je zadaća odrediti tijek granice na kopnu i moru između dvije države, vezu Slovenije prema otvorenom moru te režim za uporabu relevantnih morskih područja. Postupak je uredno započet no problem je nastao kada je Slovenija došla do povjerljivih informacija i Hrvatska je s razlogom posumnjala u vjerodostojnost postupka. Riječ je o ex parte komunikaciji i Hrvatska smatra da su time povrijeđena osnovna načela arbitražnog postupka. Hrvatska traži prestanak primjene sporazuma i suspenziju postupka, što Slovenija odbija.
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