•Assessed communication and social interaction of autistic children.•Horseback riding and yoga improves stereotyped behavior of autistic children.•Cue cards are seemed to be an effective teaching ...strategy for autistic children.
In the modern era, researchers are facing a big challenge in diagnosing autism disorders. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2014 report, the prevalence of autism among children in the United States is approximately 1 out of 88 children; whereas, in South Korea, the prevalence is 1 out of 38. In India, most of the children with autism are yet to be diagnosed partly due to the lack of self-screening test compared to the other countries. Currently, no data is available for analyzing the prevalence of autism in India. In order to improve the behavior, the social interaction, and the verbal communication of these children, scientists are using various kinds of teaching methods.
The objectives of this work were to screen the level of autism among school children using Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-2) questionnaire and evaluate the effects of various teaching methods on social behavior of school children with autism.
Ninety children in the age group between 3 – 16 years from three schools (S1 – 30, S2 – 30 and S3 – 30) with autism are participated in this study. In S1, the autistic children are trained with horseback riding and yoga therapy; whereas in the S2, the children are trained with normal teaching using blackboard and in the S3, the children are trained with cue cards. The GARS-2 questionnaire was used for assessing the communication, the stereotype behavior and the social interaction with the help of parents or the caregivers.
Results of our study revealed that raw and the standard scores of stereotyped behaviors was notably (p<0.05) low in S1 school children when collated with the other two (S2 and S3) schools. Similarly, the raw and the standard score of communication, the socially interaction sub-score was notably (p<0.05) low for the children in S3 when collated with the children in the other two schools. The study concluded that the horseback riding, the yoga therapy and the cue cards-based teaching methods improve the stereotyped behavior, increase concentration power and also helps in maintaining the children's mind stability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Having a child with Autistic Disorder can lead to experience unpleasant emotions in their parents. Therefore, This study aims to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy training to increase ...responsibility and happiness in the mothers of children with Autism disorder. This research was of a semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group. By applying the available sampling, 31 mothers of children with Autism were selected and assigned randomly as experimental and control groups having 15 and 16 people respectively. The experimental group received group reality therapy training for seven treatment sessions (90 minutes for each session), while the control group was not exposed to any intervention. The data were collected using happiness questionnaire (Argyl) and responsibility (Gaff). The results of multivariate analysis indicated that there is significantly difference in scores of two groups in happiness and responsibility. thus, the group reality therapy training allows for a increase in the responsibility and happiness among mothers of the experimental group. According to the results obtained, group reality therapy training can be useful and applicable as the psychological therapeutic interventions for increasing happiness as well as responsibility in the mothers of children with Autism.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, ...interests, and activities. Although the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic ASD has not been fully elucidated, compelling evidence suggests an interaction between genetic liability and environmental factors in producing early alterations of structural and functional brain development that are detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the group level. This work shows the results of a network-based approach to characterize not only variations in the values of the extracted features but also in their mutual relationships that might reflect underlying brain structural differences between autistic subjects and healthy controls. We applied a network-based analysis on sMRI data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE-I) database, containing 419 features extracted with FreeSurfer software. Two networks were generated: one from subjects with autistic disorder (AUT) (DSM-IV-TR), and one from typically developing controls (TD), adopting a subsampling strategy to overcome class imbalance (235 AUT, 418 TD). We compared the distribution of several node centrality measures and observed significant inter-class differences in averaged centralities. Moreover, a single-node analysis allowed us to identify the most relevant features that distinguished the groups.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is within the neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by alterations related with the communication and social interaction, as well as by presenting fixed ...interests and repetitive behaviors (Kids Health, 2019). The objective of this study was to analyze the family experience of the siblings of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, in the city of Estelí. The methodology used was based on an exploratory and descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The type of sampling was non-probabilistic and intentional, five families were selected that met the sampling criteria. The techniques used were In-depth interview and family test. The results show that the family experience of the siblings of children diagnosed with ASD, perform the fulfillment of duties in the life of their siblings such as: caregivers, protector and facilitator of the social relationship. For the siblings of autistic children not everything has been negative, in spite of the change that the new diagnosis has meant for the family, they show for the family greater empathy, tolerance to stress and capacity to adapt and a greater sense of responsibility for the care of the family. It is demonstrated that the parents have given their children a great deal of responsibility for the care of their siblings with autism. Most of the siblings who play the role of mother and father in the autistic child, is due to the absence of a father or mother figure, this fact in one of the factors that most affect attachment and overprotection toward the autistic siblings. Finally, a psychological intervention strategy applied to the siblings’ autistic children is proposed in order to improve their adaptation and reduce their stress.
El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) se encuentra dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo y se caracteriza por las alteraciones relacionadas con la comunicación y la interacción social, así como por presentar intereses fijos y conductas repetitivas (Kids Health, 2019). El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la vivencia familiar de los hermanos de niños diagnosticados con Trastornos del Espectro Autista, en la ciudad de Estelí. La metodología que se planteó fue en base a un estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo con un enfoque fenomenológico. El tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico intencional, se seleccionaron cinco familias que cumplieran con el criterio de muestreo. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron entrevista en profundidad y test de la familia. Los resultados demuestran que la vivencia familiar de los hermanos de niños diagnosticados con TEA, realizan el cumplimiento de deberes en la vida de su hermano tal como: cuidador, protector y facilitador de las relaciones sociales. Para los hermanos de niños autistas no todo ha sido negativo, a pesar del cambio que ha significado el nuevo diagnóstico en la familia, muestran una mayor empatía, tolerancia al estrés, capacidad para adaptarse y mayor sentido de responsabilidad de cuidado de la familia. Se demuestra que los padres y madres de familia han dado mucha responsabilidad a sus hijos sobre el cuido a su hermano con autismo. La mayoría de los hermanos que ejercen el rol de mamá o papá en el niño autista, se debe a la ausencia de la figura paterna o materna, este dato es uno de los factores que más inciden en el apego y sobreprotección hacia el hermano autista. Finalmente, se propone una estrategia de intervención psicológica aplicada a los hermanos de niños autistas, con el fin de mejorar la adaptación y disminuir su estrés.
Introduction: Parental mental health can be strongly influenced by a child with a disability such as autism. This disorder involves a wide range of behaviours and in particular social behaviours. ...Aim: To investigate the impact of stress management training on the stress level of mothers with autistic children referred to the selected autism centres of Tehran. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was a clinical trial that included 70 mothers with autistic children who were referred to autism centres in Tehran from October 2016 to September 2017. A random stratified sampling method was used to select the centres. The data collection tool was demographic information questionnaire and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). The research was conducted in three stages (before intervention, during intervention, and after intervention) and the collected data were analysed using SPSS software, version 16.0. Results: According to the findings, 51 (72.9%) of the participants before the stress management training had moderate stress and most of them 46 (65.7%) had mild stress levels after intervention. Paired t-test (p<0.001) showed significant difference between stress before and after stress management training. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, stress management education can be considered as an important part of interventions to promote mental health of mothers with autistic children.
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ABSTRACT Objective To describe the implications of social inability as a factor that can contribute to sexual abuse in the marriage relationship of people with high-functioning autism spectrum ...disorder (ASD). Case description A 30-year-old male sought medical attention complaining of being “very nervous” and have difficulties in family relationships. He was diagnosed with high-functioning ASD based on the DSM-5. Married for over 4 years with a woman diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder (HPD), he asked for her to accompany him in the sessions and help him describe difficulties they had during sexual intercourse. His wife reported feeling raped in all of her sexual relations with the patient, especially when he could not understand that she did not want sex. Comments The case study leads us to believe that the social and communicative disability is a complicating factor that can contributes to the occurrence of sexual abuse in marital relationships with individuals with ASD. Social skills training, psychotherapy, and traditional medical therapies should be considered to minimize the risk of occurrence of cases of sexual abuse by individuals with high-functioning ASD against the spouses themselves.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever implicações da inabilidade social como fator que pode contribuir para o abuso sexual no relacionamento conjugal de pessoas com transtornos do espectro do autismo de alto funcionamento (TEA de alto funcionamento). Descrição do caso Um homem de trinta anos procurou ajuda médica queixando-se de ser “muito nervoso” e ter dificuldades no relacionamento familiar. Foi diagnosticado com TEA de alto funcionamento com base no DSM-5. Casado há mais de quatro anos com uma mulher diagnosticada com transtorno de personalidade histriônica (TPH), pediu que ela o acompanhasse nas sessões para ajudá-lo a descrever suas dificuldades sexuais. A esposa relatou que se sentia estuprada em todas as relações sexuais com o paciente, especialmente quando ele não conseguia entender que ela não queria fazer sexo. Comentários Este caso nos leva a acreditar que a inabilidade social e de comunicação é um complicador que pode contribuir para a ocorrência de abuso sexual em relacionamentos conjugais de indivíduos com TEA de alto funcionamento. Treinamento de habilidades sociais, psicoterapia e terapias médicas tradicionais devem ser considerados para minimizar o risco de ocorrência de casos de abuso sexual praticados por indivíduos com TEA de alto funcionamento contra os próprios cônjuges.
Most recent discoveries in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) detection and classification studies reveal that there is a substantial relationship between Autism disorders and gene sequences. This work ...is indented to classify the autism spectrum disorder groups and sub-groups based on the gene sequences. The gene sequences are large data and perplexed for handling with conventional data mining or classification procedures. The Consecrate Recurrent Neural Network Classifier for Autism Classification (CRNNC-AC) work is introduced in this work to classify autism disorders using gene sequence data. A dedicated Elman 1 type Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is introduced along with a legacy Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) 2 in this classifier. The LSTM model is contrived to achieve memory optimization to eliminate memory overflows without affecting the classification accuracy. The classification quality metrics 3 such as Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity and F1-Score are concerned for optimization. The processing time of the proposed method is also measured to evaluate the pertinency.
Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of interest in Autism Disorder (AD). Knowledge and awareness on the condition has grown exponentially at all levels among the general public, ...parents, health professionals, the research community and more recently, at parliamentary level. The world has begun to recognize the scope of this problem and act internationally and locally to improve the lives of the growing number of individuals and families affected by this devastating disorder. This article reviews the dental literature since 1969 and it summarizes characteristics of patients with AD, oral health status and dental management of patients with AD.
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The preparation of the teacher constitutes a necessity to give answer to the comprehension texts process in the scholars with spectrum autism disorder keeping in mind the variability in its ...development. As answer to this problem the investigation that has as objective to propose a methodology for the treatment of textual comprehension in scholars with spectrum autism disorder is developed and it will serves as a guide to the teacher that teaches the subject Spanish Language. In their development methods of the theoretical, empiric and statistical level that allowed to gather, to interpret and to process the information related with the thematic one were used. This methodology is inserted in the conception of the preparation of the educational one to face the improvement in the education of these scholars in the diversity of educational contexts. It constitutes a resource to support the development of the comprehension texts process and it contributes to the social inclussion of the student. This proposal takes into account the role that corresponds to teachers in the development of the potential of their students, their spirit of self-improvement and self-preparation, as well as their ethical commitment to the comprehensive education of school children with autism spectrum disorder.
La preparación del maestro constituye una necesidad para dar respuesta al proceso de comprensión textual en los escolares con trastorno del espectro de autismo, al tener en cuenta la variabilidad en su desarrollo. Como respuesta a esta problemática se realiza la investigación que tiene como objetivo proponer una metodología para el tratamiento de la comprensión textual en los escolares con trastorno del espectro de autismo, y servirá de guía al maestro que imparte la asignatura Lengua Española. En su desarrollo se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico como el analítico-sintético, inducción-deducción, hipotético-deductivo, del nivel empírico se utilizó el análisis documental, la observación y la entrevista, se utilizaron además los correspondientes a la estadística descriptiva e inferencial que permitieron recopilar, interpretar y procesar la información relacionada con la temática. Esta metodología se inserta en la concepción de la preparación del docente para enfrentar el perfeccionamiento en la educación de estos escolares en la diversidad de contextos educativos. Constituye una vía para desarrollar el proceso de comprensión textual y contribuye a la inclusión social del escolar con trastorno del espectro de autismo. En esta propuesta se tienen en cuenta el papel que le corresponde a los docentes en el desarrollo de las potencialidades de sus escolares, su espíritu de superación y autopreparación, así como su compromiso ético con la formación integral de los escolares con trastorno del espectro de autismo.
The present study analyzed the characteristics of malocclusions, occlusal traits among Special Health care Needs (SHCN) children with Down syndrome (DS) and autism disorder (AD) in Riyadh City, ...Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
A total of 100 DS and 100 AD children from five rehabilitation centers in and around Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included in the study. Any children with history of ongoing medical treatment, extraction, or orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Out of the 200 patients examined, 131 were males and 69 were females and the age of the children ranged from 6 to 14 years. The children were examined for malocclusion characteristics using the Angle's classification of malocclusion, and also other occlusal traits, such as overjet, overbite, cross bite, and open bite were also determined. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16 to generate descriptive statistics for each variable.
The analyzed data of the right and left permanent molar relation showed higher incidence of class III malocclusion (66%) in DS children as compared with (3-4%) AD children. The AD children presented with higher percentage of class I malocclu-sion (40-41%) as compared with (10-14%) DS children. During examination of the primary molars, the analyzed data showed that left primary molar had more mesial shift in AD children as compared with DS children.
Down syndrome children had high incidence of class III malocclusion and autistic children had high incidence of class I malocclusion. Overall, the DS children were more prone to malocclusion.
This study provides database for health professionals in Saudi Arabia in regard to malocclusion of autis-tics and DS patients.
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