The purpose of this study was to investigating of the effectiveness of puppet play therapy intervention on social skills of male students with autism disorder. The sample size was 24 male students ...with autism disorder that were selected by in available sampling method, and after a Garz test run they were assigned in to experimental and control group, randomly. Such as each group consist of 12 students. Both groups were assessed pre-test. The Experimental group received puppet play therapy training in 21 sessions while control group did not. After completion of intervention period for experimental group the post-test was administered for both groups. The Stone`s social skills Scale were administered to assess the social skills. The data analyses by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that there were significantly increase in the mean scores of social skills and subscales (understanding/perspective taking, initiating interactions, responding to interaction and maintaining interactions) in experimental group (P<0.01).Observations implied the interference of puppet play therapy intervention for improving social skills of male students with autism spectrum disorder. The findings not only confirmed the effectiveness of this method, but also opens up the wider and deeper approach to puppet play therapy intervention and encourages therapists to consider puppet play therapy intervention as an effective therapy for students with autism disorder.
Background and aim: Knowledge and awareness about childhood autism is something essential for students at college of nursing. Nursing staff based on the provision of health care for children with ...autism should have knowledge of the way autistic people see the world and therefore have the ability to understand and provide therapeutic assistance to them. This study assesses the knowledge of undergraduate nursing students at College of Nursing University of Mosul about Autism. Materials and method: The sample of the study consists of 110 undergraduate students in College of Nursing / University of Mosul. They were chosen randomly. They are (32) males and (78) females. A questionnaire presented by the researchers after comprehensive review. Results: The results of the study showed that a high percentage (85.5%) of the students stated that they didn’t study about this subject. It also showed that (87.3 %) of the participants answered that parents’ careless leads to Autistic disorder. Conclusion: Depending on the results, the study showed that there is no care about this subject in studying curriculums of the college. Most of the sample of this study don’t know if there are any health care centers in Mosul city for Autistic disorder Recommendations: More attention should be paid about this subject in studying curriculums at the college. Then awareness about Autistics disorder need to be improved among students and parents. Keywords: Assessment, Autism Disorder, Nursing Students, Knowledge about Autism.
Risk Factors for Autistic Disorder: A Case-Control Study Malek, Ayyoub; Farhang, Sara; Amiri, Shahrokh ...
Majallah-ʼi bīmārīhā-yi kūdakān-i Īrān = Iranian journal of pediatrics,
06/2019, Volume:
29, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Background: Autistic disorder (AD) is one of the most serious psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Identification of relevant risk factors is a main step in disease management. ...Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine probable risk factors for AD. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. By convenience sampling method, 115 children with autism were selected from Rehabilitation Center of Autism Society in Tabriz, Iran. Moreover, 112 children were selected as control. AD was diagnosed based on DSM-IV-TR criteria by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Results: Asthma, epilepsy, microcephaly, hearing / vision impairments, allergy to milk/wheat, side effects of rubella vaccines, and language disorders in the immediate family members including siblings, parents’ low education and lack of breastfeeding were more prevalent in AD children. Based on the logistic regression results, mothers’ low education Exp (B) = 4.59, CI = 2.13 - 9.87, P < 0.001 and lack of breastfeeding until the age of two Exp (B) = 2.91, CI = 1.54 - 5.50, P < 0.01 were the predictors of AD. Conclusions: Parents’ education and lack of breastfeeding until the age of two could predict AD in children. Improving educational system and increasing families’ awareness about benefits of breastfeeding will be valuable.
RESUMO Objetivo verificar a correlação entre tempo de permanência semanal na escola, e o desempenho de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo em teste de inteligência não verbal e em ...habilidades comunicativas e de comportamento. Métodos Participaram deste estudo 44 crianças e adolescentes, com idade entre 6 e 12 anos. Todos os participantes estão matriculados em escolas regulares. Resultados Dos 44 participantes, 20 não responderam ao teste de inteligência não verbal; assim, eles foram divididos em dois grupos: - Grupo A: 24 participantes avaliados quanto a desempenho em inteligência não verbal e habilidades comunicativas e de comportamento e Grupo B, com 20 participantes avaliados quanto às habilidades comunicativas e de comportamento. Os resultados mostraram, no Grupo A, correlação positiva significativa entre a frequência escolar e a inteligência não verbal, e correlação negativa significativa entre frequência escolar e as inabilidades em linguagem expressiva e pragmática/social. No que diz respeito ao Grupo B, houve tendência a correlações negativas em todas as relações, mas significância apenas com relação às inabilidades pragmática/social. Conclusão De forma geral os resultados de ambos os grupos indicam que crianças com melhores resultados em inteligência não verbal e melhores habilidades de comunicação e comportamento tendem a permanecer mais tempo na escola por semana.
Typically developing (TD) infants could capitalize on social eye gaze and social contexts to aid word learning. Although children with autism disorder (AD) are known to exhibit atypicality in word ...learning via social eye gaze, their ability to utilize social contexts for word learning is not well understood. We investigated whether verbal AD children exhibit word learning ability via social contextual cues by late childhood. We found that AD children, unlike TD controls, failed to infer the speaker’s referential intention through information gathered from the social context. This suggests that TD children can learn words in diverse social pragmatic contexts in as early as toddlerhood whereas AD children are still unable to do so by late childhood.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
One-hundred nine children 3–16 years of age diagnosed with Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, or Asperger's Syndrome were studied. Children resided in six ...states in the United States. Using moderation analysis via multiple regression, verbal communication and challenging behaviors and how they interact with social skills were examined. Children and adolescents exhibiting fewer challenging behaviors and presenting with better verbal communication skills had the greatest strengths in social skills. Furthermore, challenging behaviors adversely affected social skills more than verbal communication skills. Thus, regardless of verbal communication level, children with low levels of challenging behaviors exhibited greater social skills. Clinical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The prevalence of classic autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appears
to be on the rise, and to date, there remains no clear etiology or cure. Out
of desperation, many families are turning to ...new therapies and interventions
discovered through various media sources and anecdotal reports from other
parents. Unfortunately, many of these newer, well-publicized interventions
have little empirical support. One of the most popular yet currently
scientifically unproven interventions for ASD is the gluten-free, casein-free
(GFCF) diet. Clinicians working with families of individuals with ASD are
often asked for advice and find themselves unable to offer the most up-to-date
and scientifically credible information. This article provides an overview of
ASD and the GFCF diet, a summary and critique of current research findings,
recommendations for future research, and practical advice for families to use
in deciding if a trial of the GFCF diet is in the best interest of their child
and family.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
► The relationship between motor stereotypies and executive functions in AD is not well understood. ► One reason may be the lack of standardized quantitative measures of stereotypies. ► We used ...videotape coding to assess stereotypies in children with AD and controls. ► More motor stereotypies predicted EF performance, only in the AD group.
This study reports on the relationship between motor stereotypies and impairments in executive functions (EF) in children with Autistic Disorder (AD) and in children with Developmental Language Disorders (DLD). We hypothesized that low EF performance would predict higher frequency and longer durations of stereotypies in the AD group only. Twenty-two children (age range=7–9 years, 6 months, girls=5) with AD were recruited from a longitudinal multi-site study and compared to twenty-two non-autistic children with DLD (age range=7–9 years, 6 months, girls=5). The two groups were matched on non-verbal IQ and demographic characteristics. Frequency and duration of stereotypies were coded from videotaped semi-structured play sessions. EF measures included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) Categories, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) Mazes, and Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition (SB-IV) Matrices. The scores for frequency and duration of stereotypies were higher in the AD group. Separate linear regressions revealed that group status, EF, and their interactions predict stereotypies. Specifically, lower EF scores predicted higher frequencies and longer durations of stereotypies in the AD group only. Analyses controlled for age, gender, and parent education. Findings suggest that in AD, EF impairments and stereotypies may be linked to shared brain pathways.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a wide range of conditions, including impairments in social interaction, communication, and relationships, as well as unusual behavioral patterns. Multiple ...new computer-aided technologies have improved autism diagnosis. Fifty-nine youngsters in the school age range participated in the research, during which they were presented with a variety of age-appropriate photographs and video recordings focusing on social behavior. Calibration and data collection on eye movement were performed on 13 youngsters with autism. Only two of the six people who failed to finish the exercise experienced calibration problems, but four of them failed to even peek at the screen. The InceptionV3 model improved accuracy to 68.8 percent, ranking it above both the EfficientNetB7 and MobileNetV2 models. As a result, Xception, a variant of the Inception architecture that adds new features, while excluding depth-wise separable convolutions, has been put into practice. After that, the Visual Transformer Model performed admirably, reaching 91% accuracy. The parameter of the Compact Convolutional Transformer (CCT) is 0.4M, which is quite tiny in comparison to the parameters of other models. Adam optimizer was released with 32 batches and a 30% dropout rate. In all, 212 ASD samples were correctly identified as positive, whereas 7 were misclassified as non-ASD pictures. While the original Inception design had depth-separable convolutions, the Xception variant adds this feature. Xception outperforms any previously deployed model in terms of accuracy. With an accuracy of 87.22 percent, VGG16 is superior to Xception. The Overall accuracy was 96.43 percentage points, with a recall of 96.29 and an F1 score of 96.0 percent.
PDF
