This research aims to identify the extent of the effect of a rehabilitation and physical program on meniscus resection for football players. The researcher used the experimental method with one ...experimental group for pre- and post-measurement, and the sample number was 7 patients Of football players whose ages ranged from (18 to 24 years), the researcher used the front muscle strength test, standing on one leg, the back muscle strength test, the Balsom agility test, and the balance test. The physical program lasted 10 weeks. The rehabilitation program contained 30 strength training units in the Iron Hall, which included three units per week. The unit time was 50-60 minutes. The program also contained two rehabilitation units in the aquatic environment, with a total of 20 rehabilitation units. The program also contained exercises The balance was 30 rehabilitation units. The researcher used the statistical method SPSS The most important conclusions were the presence of a significant statistical significance between the results of the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-tests. The researcher recommends conducting future studies on the criteria for returning to competition, and to be guided by the program Physical and scientific tests used in research that played a role in moving from one training stage to another.
Measurements of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) in meteoric waters provide insight to overlapping effects of evaporation, precipitation, and mixing on basin scale hydrology. ...This study of waters collected between 2016 and 2021 in the Turkana Basin, northern Kenya, uses δ18O and δD to understand water balance in Lake Turkana, a large, low‐latitude, alkaline desert lake. The Omo River, a major river system in the Ethiopian Highlands, is historically understood to provide approximately 90% of the water input to Lake Turkana. Discharge of the Omo is prohibitively difficult to measure, but stable isotope ratios in the lake may provide a meaningful method for monitoring the lake's response to changes in input. Precipitation in the Turkana Basin is low (<200 mm/year) with negligible rainfall on the lake's surface, and all water loss from the lake is evaporative. We compare new measurements with previous data from the region and records of lake height and precipitation from the same time period. We show that a Bayesian approach to modeling evaporation using atmospheric conditions and river δ18O and δD yields results consistent with published water balance models. Continued sampling of lake and meteoric waters in the Turkana Basin will be a useful way to monitor the lake's response to regional and global climate change.
Plain Language Summary
Lake Turkana is the largest desert lake in the world, in one of the hottest and driest places on Earth. Studying and preserving the lake are important because people and ecosystems depend on it, but information is lacking because it is remote and irregularly monitored. Most of the water in Lake Turkana comes from the Omo River, which flows through the Ethiopian Highlands. Lake Turkana has no outlet; therefore, evaporation is the only process that removes water from the lake. In this study, we analyzed samples of lake water as well as rain, river, surface, and ground waters and developed a model that uses measurements of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in the water to help us understand how much evaporation occurs in Lake Turkana. Future lake water monitoring efforts should consider stable isotope methods to record how the basin hydrology responds to climate change.
Key Points
New measurements of meteoric waters from the Turkana Basin in northern Kenya plot along the meteoric water line
A lake water evaporation line is developed using Bayesian modeling applied to a terminal lake mass balance model
The model enables predictions of lake water δ values under past and future climate change scenarios
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Dissolution testing is widely used to measure the rate of drug release and predict its in-vivo behavior. The release rate can be controlled by adjusting the particle size distribution (PSD). However, ...experimental investigation of various particle sizes requires many time-consuming experiments. To reduce the need for them, we propose an optimization framework to solve the inverse problem, i.e., design a PSD that results in a prescribed dissolution profile. The framework's computational core predicts a dissolution profile using a population balance model coupled with a mass balance equation, while the optimization algorithm obtains the inverse solution. The model was validated using mono- and multimodal particle populations of a reference compound (KCl). The validation resulted in a good agreement between the simulated and experimental data. This suggests that the usage of the framework can provide a fast determination of the required PSD, reducing the number of experiments needed.
Display omitted
•Validated approach to analyze both particle size changes and dissolution rate•Population balance model for description of size-dependent dissolution kinetics•Optimization framework can design PSD from a prescribed dissolution profile.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The impact of lower-limb-lymphedema on quality of life of patients regarding balance is unclear due to the scarcity of literature. The aim of this study was to determine the static and dynamic ...balance of patients with lower-limb-lymphedema in comparison with healthy subjects.
This case-control designed study included 30 lymphedema patients and 30 healthy individuals, of whom were 52 female and 8 male with a mean age of 50.63 ± 9.72 years. Static balance stability and anterior-posterior with lateral sway parameters on four conditions (eyes-opened-stable-ground, eyes-closed-stable-ground, eyes-opened-unstable-ground, eyes-closed-unstable-ground) and dynamic stability of all participants were evaluated.
The demographic variables were similar between the groups. Majority of the patients had lymphedema due to cancer surgery with a stage of 2. Dynamic stability was significantly disrupted in lymphedema group in comparison with controls (P = 0.049). Static balance parameters were impaired on all conditions except the eyes opened-stable ground in lymphedema patients (P = 0.048,P = 0.043,P = 0.017). The dynamic with static balance and lateral sway parameters were correlated with the duration of lymphedema(P = 0.046,P = 0.002,P = 0.005). Anterior-posterior sway on eyes-closed-unstable-ground condition was correlated with functional status (P = 0.02). Static balance on eyes-opened-unstable-ground condition and anterior-posterior sway parameters were correlated with physical activity level (P = 0.015,P = 0.016,P < 0.05).
Closing eyes and the deterioration of ground caused significant alteration of the static and dynamic balance both separately and together in patients with lower-limb-lymphedema compared to healthy subjects. Regarding the static and dynamic imbalance, we suggest the evaluation of balance and inclusion of balance exercises in routine lymphedema rehabilitation program, especially in the early period of disease.
•The predisposition of patients with lower limb lymphedema to imbalance is obscure.•In 30 patients, both closing eyes and unstable ground disrupted the static balance.•Lower limb lymphedema also disrupted the dynamic balance of patients.•The rehabilitation program of these patients should include balance training.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Introduction: There is increasing evidence that perturbation-based balance training (PBT) is highly effective in preventing falls at older age. Different PBT paradigms have been presented so ...far, yet a systematic comparison of PBT approaches with respect to feasibility and effectiveness is missing. Two different paradigms of PBT seem to be promising for clinical implementation: (1) technology-supported training on a perturbation treadmill (PBTtreadmill); (2) training of dynamic stability mechanisms in the presence of perturbations induced by unstable surfaces (PBTstability). This study aimed to compare both program's feasibility and effectiveness in fall-prone older adults. Methods: In this three-armed randomized controlled trial, seventy-one older adults (74.9 ± 6.0 years) with a verified fall risk were randomly assigned into three groups: PBTtreadmill on a motorized treadmill, PBTstability using unstable conditions such as balance pads, and a passive control group (CG). In both intervention groups, participants conducted a 6-week intervention with 3 sessions per week. Effects were assessed in fall risk (Brief-BEST), balance ability (Stepping Threshold Test, center of pressure, limits of stability), leg strength capacity, functional performance (Timed Up and Go Test, Chair-Stand), gait (preferred walking speed), and fear of falling (Short FES-I). Results: Fifty-one participants completed the study. Training adherence was 91% for PBTtreadmill and 87% for PBTstability, while no severe adverse events occurred. An analysis of covariance with an intention-to-treat approach revealed statistically significant group effects in favor of PBTstability in the Brief-BEST (p = 0.009, η2 = 0.131) and the limits of stability (p = 0.020, η2 = 0.110) and in favor of PBTtreadmill in the Stepping Threshold Test (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.395). The other outcomes demonstrated no significant group effects. Conclusion: Both training paradigms demonstrated high feasibility and were effective in improving specific motor performances in the fall-prone population and these effects were task specific. PBTtreadmill showed higher improvements in reactive balance, which might have been promoted by the unpredictable nature of the included perturbations and the similarity to the tested surface perturbation paradigm. PBTstability showed more wide-ranging effects on balance ability. Consequently, both paradigms improved fall risk-associated measures. The advantages of both formats should be evaluated in light of individual needs and preferences. Larger studies are needed to investigate the effects of these paradigms on real-life fall rates.
Abstract
When quadrupling the atmospheric CO
2
concentration in relation to preindustrial levels, most global climate models show an initially strong net radiative feedback that significantly reduces ...the energy imbalance during the first two decades after the quadrupling. Afterward, the net radiative feedback weakens, needing more surface warming than before to reduce the remaining energy imbalance. Such weakening radiative feedback has its origin in the tropical oceanic stratiform cloud cover, linked to an evolving spatial warming pattern. In the classic linearized energy balance framework, such variation is represented by an additional term in the planetary budget equation. This additional term is usually interpreted as an ad hoc emulation of the cloud feedback change, leaving unexplained the relationship between this term and the spatial warming pattern. I use a simple nonlinearized energy balance framework to justify that there is a physical interpretation of this term: the evolution of the spatial pattern of warming is explained by changes in the ocean’s circulation and energy uptake. Therefore, the global effective thermal capacity of the system also changes, leading to the additional term. In reality, the clouds respond to what occurs in the ocean, changing their radiative effect. In the equation, the term is now a concrete representation of the ocean’s role. Additionally, I derive for the first time an explicit mathematical expression of the net radiative feedback and its temporal evolution in the linearized energy balance framework. This mathematical expression supports the new proposed interpretation. As a corollary, it justifies the 20-yr time scale used to study the variation of the net radiative feedback.
Significance Statement
Linearized energy balance models have helped the study of Earth’s radiative response. However, the present linear models are at the edge of usefulness to get more insights. In this work, I justify that part of the nonlinearity in the radiative response can be explained without peculiar atmospheric radiative feedback mechanisms or a nonlinearity in the radiative response. Instead, the concept of an evolving thermal capacity recovers the ocean’s role in redistributing the energy, changing the spatial warming pattern, and, finally, altering the atmospheric feedback mechanisms. This work also justifies the time scales used in the field for studying the variation of the net radiative feedback.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Highlights • Gait and balance asymmetry are related post-stroke. • These significant relationships are independent of limb impairment. • Impaired paretic limb control of balance may contribute to ...gait asymmetry.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This study aimed to determine the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and explosive force with force plate–derived timing measures of reactive stepping. Nineteen young, healthy adults ...responded to 6 perturbations using an anterior lean-and-release system. Foot-off, swing, and restabilization times were estimated from force plates. Peak isokinetic torque, isometric torque, and explosive force of the knee extensors/flexors and plantar/dorsiflexors were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Correlations were run based on a priori hypotheses and corrected for the number of comparisons (Bonferroni) for each variable. Knee extensor explosive force was negatively correlated with swing time (
r
= −.582,
P
= .009). Knee flexor peak isometric torque also showed a negative association with restabilization time (
r
= −.459,
P
= .048); however, this was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. There was no significant relationship between foot-off time and knee or plantar flexor explosive force (
P
> .025). These findings suggest that there may be utility to identifying specific aspects of reactive step timing when studying the relationship between muscle strength and reactive balance control. Exercise training aimed at improving falls risk should consider targeting specific aspects of muscle strength depending on specific deficits in reactive stepping.
Highlights • Quiet standing, gait, and reactive stepping were tested in individuals with stroke. • Specific balance and gait features did not differ based on fear of falling. • Some features of ...balance and gait were related to balance confidence. • Balance confidence interventions may potentially improve mobility post-stroke.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
PDF
