The impacts of a recently launched community feed-in tariff (COMFIT) scheme on renewable energy production, with energy prices differentiated by renewable energy technology type, have not been ...adequately understood. The knowledge gap is addressed by applying the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) decision tool to investigate the economic feasibility and effects of selected energy policy schemes on wind–biogas hybrid energy production, by taking into consideration geographic location (Greenwood, Sydney, Caribou Point), and wind turbine capacity (including 20, 35, and 50 kW). The biogas energy production component reflected a representative Nova Scotia, Canada dairy farm with 100 cows. Wind–biogas hybrid energy systems were generally not economically feasible without COMFIT scheme financial incentives. Locating the hybrid energy system one km away from a utility grid increased cost of energy produced by about $0.06 per kWh. Under current government COMFIT scheme with guaranteed energy prices, economic feasibility improved relative to a base scenario, with NPV per kWh increasing from -$0.51 to $0.83 for a system with the 50 kW turbine at Caribou Point, compared with -$0.51 to -$0.14 for a similar 50 kW turbine at Sydney. Wind–biogas power production was economically viable under COMFIT scheme prices only for Caribou Point.
•Analyzed alternative hybrid energy systems differentiated by capacity and site.•HOMER model was applied to evaluate feasibility of wind–biogas power production.•Renewable energy production was viable under COMFIT scheme prices for one site.•Payback period ranged from 4 to 14 years, depending on hybrid power system and site.•Wind speed was dominant driver of energy production and economic performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•A novel CCHP system with biogas steam reforming using solar energy is raised.•Chemical and physical energy of biogas is efficiently used in a cascaded way.•The energy quality of concentrating solar ...heat is promoted in the system.•A parametric analysis is adopted to optimize the thermodynamic performance.•A typical-day study is conducted to explore the general operation features.
The conventional way to utilize biogas either is energy-intensive due to biogas upgrading or causes huge waste of energy grade and environmental pollution by direct burning. This paper proposes a biogas and solar energy-assisted combined cooling, heating and power (BSCCHP) system that upgrades the caloric value of biogas before combustion by introducing a thermochemical conversion process that is driven by solar heat. Adopting commercially established technologies including steam reforming and parabolic dish concentrators, the system exhibits an enhanced system exergy efficiency, and the technology considerably reduces the direct CO2 footprint and saves depletable fossil fuel. With a solar thermal share of 22.2%, the proposed system not only has a high net solar-to-product thermal and exergy efficiency of 46.80% and 26.49%, respectively, but also results in a commensurate 18.27% reduction of the direct CO2 footprint compared with the reference individual systems. The effect of critical parameters in the biogas steam reforming process on the system performance was studied. A proper selection of the steam/carbon ratio leads to the optimal direct CO2 footprint and system exergy efficiency. Pursuing a very high conversion of biogas by improving the reforming temperature is not a wise choice from a system perspective. Finally, a typical-day dynamic simulation was conducted to preliminarily explore the general operation features. This study may provide a new way to efficiently use the renewable energy in the distributed energy system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The uncontrolled discharge of large amounts of food waste (FW) causes severe environmental pollution in many countries. Within different possible treatment routes, anaerobic digestion (AD) of FW into ...biogas, is a proven and effective solution for FW treatment and valorization. The present paper reviews the characteristics of FW, the principles of AD, the process parameters, and two approaches (pretreatment and co-digestion) for enhancing AD of food waste. Among the successive digestion reactions, hydrolysis is considered to be the rate-limiting step. To enhance the performance of AD, several physical, thermo-chemical, biological or combined pretreatments are reviewed. Moreover, a promising way for improving the performance of AD is the co-digestion of FW with other organic substrates, as confirmed by numerous studies, where a higher buffer capacity and an optimum nutrient balance enhance the biogas/methane yields of the co-digestion system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The aim of this study is to analyse the possibilities of use of waste from dairy production to produce electricity and heat in the process of anaerobic digestion. The analysis covers one of the ...Polish dairies located in Eastern Poland. The amounts of the substrates produced in analyzed dairy plant will enable the production of approx. 14,785 MWh electricity and 57,815 GJ of heat. This will allow the construction of biogas plant with an electrical power of 1.72 MW. The paper has been stated that the construction of biogas plants for environmental and social reasons is beneficial.
•Milk production is growing continuously in Poland after entrance to EU.•Dairy industry waste for biogas production in AD was investigated.•Analyzed dairy plant can produce 14,785 MWh electricity and 57,815 GJ of the heat in cogeneration unit.•In actual market situation biogas plants without public funding are unprofitable.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Low-cost manganese sand was first applied as catalyst support.•The performance of Ni-based bifunctional catalysts for methanation coupling with WGS could be improved by Re ...promoter.•Re promoted the catalytic activity from structural and electronic aspects.•H2O2 modified manganese sand had better anti-coking and anti-sintering ability than HNO3 and NH3·H2O modified manganese sand.•The lower heating value of biogas had the largest increase when using Ni-Re/MMS-H2O2 catalyst.
Re-promoted Ni catalysts supported on the raw manganese sand (RMS) and HNO3/ NH3·H2O/H2O2 modified manganese sand (MMS) were prepared by co-impregnation method. The catalysts were tested for urban gas production from low H2/CO biogas by partial methanation coupling with water gas shift (WGS). A series of characterization analysis including XRF, ICP, nitrogen isothermal adsorption, XRD, H2-TPR, H2-TPD, TG, XPS, TEM, SEM and DRIFTS were employed to comprehensively investigate the physico-chemical properties of the supports and catalysts. The results showed that the Ni-Re/RMS catalyst was more active than the Ni/RMS catalyst due to the improved dispersion of Ni particles. Through further modification on the RMS, it was found that Ni-Re/MMS-H2O2 catalyst showed a superior synergy effect on catalyzing methanation coupling with WGS over the other four catalysts. The addition of Re promoter facilitated to increase the proportion of β-type NiO for forming more Ni active sites after reduction as well as to inflict electronic effect, which could enhance the electron cloud density of Ni atoms to promote CO disassociation during the reaction. H2O2 was more suitable to be the modification reagent than HNO3 and NH3·H2O, owing to its positive contribution to the enhancement of anti-sintering and anti-coking ability of the catalysts. The lower heating value of outlet gas catalyzed by Ni-Re/MMS-H2O2 catalyst at the condition of H2/CO = 0.8, H2O/CO = 1.0 and 400 °C was 10.63 MJ/Nm3, implying the feasibility of using Re-promoted Ni catalysts for urban gas production from low H2/CO biogas and the promising potential of utilizing low-cost manganese sand as catalyst support.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
Today the entire research community is looking for sustainable materials. In that process, more research is going on to utilize the natural materials as binders, fillers, reinforcement etc., ...to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties without affecting the nature. Numerous amount of research is carried out various regions of the world on the usage of pine, sisal, hemp, bagasse, jute, bamboo, coir as reinforcement. This study focuses on the utilization of agro waste like Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) as reinforcement material in epoxy LY 556 matrix along with different volume percentage of natural filler to form a unique bio based composite material. The composite specimens were fabricated by vacuum bag moulding method. The mechanical properties of the fabricated specimen at different compositions is studied. The maximum mechanical properties were observed for the composite with 30:70 volume percentage Hibiscus sabdariffa with epoxy resin added composition. From the results we can conclude the composite developed using Roselle powder and LY 556 epoxy would be very good alternate for various light weight material applications.
The paper presents research on the impact of adding various forms of sorghum to sewage sludge on the anaerobic digestion process. The use of liquid sewage sludge alone in biogas plants at wastewater ...treatment plants is inefficient due to the low total solid (dry matter) content of this substrate. The tests revealed that the production of methane in biogas is low and amounted to 17.9% (105.4 Nm3∙Mg−1, VS—volatile solid). Therefore, other substrates should be blended with sewage sludge to increase the total solid of the batch. Sorghum silage, sorghum pomace, and sorghum juice were added to the sewage sludge in various proportions during the research. As a result, the improvement of the biogas process, the stabilization of the biogas production curve, as well as the increase in methane yield were observed. The most biogas and methane were obtained from a mixture of sorghum juice (5%) and sewage sludge (664.8 Nm3∙Mg−1 VS and 53.9%, respectively). Biogas production from other substrates based on sorghum and sewage sludge ranged from 457.4 to 588.8 Nm3∙Mg−1 VS. For a mixture of juice (7%) and sewage sludge, the batch was acidified, and biogas production was only 281.5 Nm3∙Mg−1 VS. Studies have shown that intelligent blending of an alternative raw material (compared to traditional maize silage) with sewage sludge allows for similar biogas yields while maintaining a stable anaerobic digestion process.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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