Abstract
There is an association between stress and dementia. However, less is known about dementia among persons with varied stress responses and sex differences in these associations. We used this ...population-based cohort study to examine dementia among persons with a range of clinician-diagnosed stress disorders, as well as the interaction between stress disorders and sex in predicting dementia, in Denmark from 1995 to 2011. This study included Danes aged 40 years or older with a stress disorder diagnosis (n = 47,047) and a matched comparison cohort (n = 232,141) without a stress disorder diagnosis with data from 1995 through 2011. Diagnoses were culled from national registries. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations between stress disorders and dementia. Risk of dementia was higher for persons with stress disorders than for persons without such diagnosis; adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.6 to 2.8. There was evidence of an interaction between sex and stress disorders in predicting dementia, with a higher rate of dementia among men with stress disorders except posttraumatic stress disorder, for which women had a higher rate. Results support existing evidence of an association between stress and dementia. This study contributes novel information regarding dementia risk across a range of stress responses, and interactions between stress disorders and sex.
In all constitutional systems, there is a reticence in sanctioning criminally any injury caused by fault to a person, without taking into account certain aspects really justifying the penology’s ...intervention – a severe injury of the victim’s body, a case where there are broken prudence norms enacted precisely for avoiding the bodily injury by fault of a person.
Zusammenfassung
Einführung
Augapfeltätowierungen („eyeball tattoos“, syn. episklerale Tätowierungen) sind ein neuer Trend extremer „body modification“, bei dem mit einer Nadel Tätowierfarbe unter die ...Bindehaut injiziert wird und zu einer irreversiblen Färbung der Sklera führt. In der medizinischen Fachliteratur werden vermehrt Fallberichte vorgestellt, bei denen teils schwerwiegende Komplikationen aufgetreten sind.
Material und Methoden
Neben einer aktuellen Literaturreche zum Thema wurde eine Anfrage an 120 zufällig ausgewählte Tattoo-Studios in 6 europäischen Ländern gerichtet, ob sie Eyeball-Tätowierungen anbieten. Die Kommunikation wurde bei den Studios, die diese Frage positiv beantworteten, gezielt vertieft. Ziel war es, einen Eindruck zu Angebot und Nachfrage, der Aufklärung über Risiken, Häufigkeit und Art beobachteter Komplikationen, den Vorerfahrungen und ggf. zur medizinischen Ausbildung der Tätowierenden sowie zum organisatorischen und zum technischen Ablauf der eigentlichen Prozedur der episkleralen Tätowierung im jeweiligen Studio zu gewinnen. Auf Tattoo Conventions und über Foren in sozialen Medien wurden 6 Personen mit max. 7 Jahre alten Eyeball tattoos ausführlich zu ihren Erfahrungen vor, während und nach der Augapfeltätowierung befragt.
Resultate
Neun Studios teilten mit, Augapfeltätowierungen anzubieten bzw. durch Gasttätowierer organisieren zu können. Die restlichen 49 Studios lehnten diese Prozedur ab. Insgesamt 4 Studios schätzten die Häufigkeit der Prozedur auf 10- bis 20-mal/Jahr; die restlichen Studios gaben an, lediglich sporadische Anfragen zu erhalten. Durch ein Studio wurde der Fall einer schweren Komplikation in Form einer persistierenden anhaltenden Infektion mit initial reduziertem, später gebessertem Visus berichtet. Ein Tätowierer gab an, in ca. jedem 20. Fall Pigmentwanderungen in die periorbitalen Gewebe zu beobachten. Postprozedural wurden bis zu 2 Wochen andauernde Kopfschmerzen, anhaltendes Fremdkörpergefühl und Lichtempfindlichkeit beschrieben. Keine der interviewten Personen mit Eyeball tattoos habe eine bleibende Visusminderung bemerkt, eine beklagte Lichtscheu, eine weitere negative soziale Folgen. Ablehnungserfahrungen seien jedoch seltener als Zuspruch.
Schlussfolgerung
Episklerale Tätowierungen sind noch selten, nehmen aber stetig zu. Sie werden von Personen durchgeführt, die keine hinreichende medizinische Ausbildung besitzen und eintretende Komplikationen nicht ausreichend einschätzen können. Die im Interview berichtete Seltenheit schwerwiegender Komplikationen kontrastiert mit der Darstellung desaströser Folgen in den sozialen Medien, deren breite Präsenz jedoch auf redundanten Darstellungen einzelner Fälle beruhen kann. Andererseits sind die Angaben der Befürworter zu hinterfragen, weil sie womöglich aus geschäftlichen Überlegungen heraus oder aus Angst vor rechtlichen Konsequenzen Problemfälle unterschlagen oder deren Verläufe beschönigen. Die Diskussion, ob solche risikoreichen irreversiblen Body modifications verboten werden sollten, muss von anderer Stelle geführt werden.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Ukrainian prisoners of war in Russian captivity were subject to torture before death.•Without a laboratory study, it is impossible to differentiate an electric mark from burns on decay tissues.•In ...the conditions of modern military conflicts, the importance of international normative documents is increasing.
The given information and forensic medical characteristics of injuries found on the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers who were in Russian captivity and died as a result of cruel, inhuman treatment and torture in 2022–2023. According to their nature and morphological features, the damage could be the result of high temperature action using hot metal objects, but more likely, the result of the use of electric current conductors (bare end of the wire). In other cases, after the exhumation of the occupied territory of the Kharkiv region, the manifestations of torture were brain injuries and fractures of the bones of the body caused by blunt hard objects with a limited surface. All the injuries described by us correspond both to the list of physical evidence of torture of the “Istanbul Protocol” and to the list of war crimes of the “Rome Statute”.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study examines the prevalence and coprevalence with which returning Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)/Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans were reporting symptoms consistent with chronic pain, ...posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). The medical records of 340 OIF/OEF veterans seen at a Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Network Site were comprehensively reviewed. Analyses indicated a high prevalence of all three conditions in this population, with chronic pain, PTSD, and PPCS present in 81.5%, 68.2%, and 66.8%, respectively. Only 12 of the veterans (3.5%) had no chronic pain, PTSD, or PPCS. The frequency at which these three conditions were present in isolation (10.3%, 2.9%, and 5.3%, respectively) was significantly lower than the frequency at which they were present in combination with one another, with 42.1% of the sample being diagnosed with all three conditions simultaneously. The most common chronic pain locations were the back (58%) and head (55%). These results underscore the complexity of the presenting complaints in OIF/OEF veterans and support the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach to assessment and treatment.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose
The existing literature suggests that employee well-being is an important concern for organizations. The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical examination to assess whether ...employee experience of workplace spirituality has positive relationships with multiple forms of employee well-being.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper focussed on four forms of employee well-being, namely: emotional well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being, and spiritual well-being. It specified and empirically tested, using a survey design, four hypotheses, each proposing a positive relationship between workplace spirituality and one of the four forms of employee well-being.
Findings
All four hypotheses were supported indicating that workplace spirituality has a positive relationship with emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being.
Research limitations/implications
This paper may encourage future research to assess whether various forms of employee well-being result from specific dimensions of workplace spirituality.
Practical implications
Organizations may implement workplace spirituality for simultaneously enhancing multiple forms of employee well-being.
Social implications
As employee well-being is a matter of social concern, the findings of this study indicating a positive association between workplace spirituality and employee well-being have a social relevance.
Originality/value
To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between workplace spirituality and four forms of employee well-being, namely; emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. As employee well-being is an important concern for organizations, the contribution of the study findings is that workplace spirituality implementation can simultaneously enhance multiple forms of employee well-being.
Sleeping problems are increasing among adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of self‐reported sleep duration and sleeping difficulties, as well as to explore their ...associations with school stress, self‐perception, that is how adolescents perceive their appearance and happiness, and technology use among adolescents. Data were collected in 2015 using a questionnaire. A total of 937 ninth grade adolescents, 15–16 years, from a city in western Sweden participated, resulting in a response rate of 83%. The result showed that 55% of the adolescents slept less than the recommended 8 hours per night and 11% had sleeping difficulties. School stress and technology use were associated with short sleep duration. School stress and self‐perception were associated with sleeping difficulties. The girls had worse outcomes for sleeping difficulties, school stress, self‐perception and technology use than the boys. Based on the results, there is a need for school nurses to implement preventive measures to improve adolescents’ sleep.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a common and painful condition among children that remains poorly treated in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to test the efficacy of a combination of an ...anti-inflammatory drug with an opioid for pain management of MSK-I in children presenting to the ED.
In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled children between 6 and 17 years presenting to the ED with an MSK-I and a pain score >29 mm on the visual analog scale (VAS). Participants were randomly assigned to oral morphine (0.2 mg/kg) + ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) (morphine + ibuprofen) or morphine (0.2 mg/kg) + placebo of ibuprofen or ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) + placebo of morphine. Primary outcome was children with VAS pain score <30 mm at 60 minutes postmedication administration.
A total of 501 participants were enrolled and 456 were included in primary analyses (morphine + ibuprofen = 177; morphine = 188; ibuprofen = 91). Only 29.9% (morphine + ibuprofen), 29.3% (morphine), and 33.0% (ibuprofen) of participants achieved the primary outcome (
= .81). Mean VAS pain reduction at 60 minutes were -18.7 (95% confidence interval CI: -21.9 to -16.6) (morphine + ibuprofen), -17.0 (95% CI: -20.0 to -13.9) (morphine), -18.6 (95% CI: -22.9 to -14.2) (ibuprofen) (
= .69). Children in the morphine + ibuprofen group (
< .001) and in the morphine group (
< .001) experienced more side effects than those in the ibuprofen group. No serious adverse event was reported.
Combination of morphine with ibuprofen did not provide adequate pain relief for children with MSK-I in the ED. None of the study medication provided an optimal pain management because most of children did not reach a mild pain score (NCT02064894).
Determining the medico-biological characteristics of a bodily injury is an extremely important issue for both forensic medicine and criminal justice. We present a clinical case of a two-year-old ...child brought by a parent for examination in the living people examination office in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria. During the examination, it was found that the upper incisors on the left are not present. Proper diagnosis is achieved when the injury of the primary dentition is examined both clinically and radiographically. Tooth injuries can have serious medical, aesthetic and psychological consequences for the victim.
A group of government, NHS, and legal experts will work to introduce a cap on the amount that lawyers can recover in clinical negligence cases, the Department of Health and Social Care has announced. ......Matthew Lee, the Medical Defence Union's professional services director, said that fixing costs for legal fees would make a difference only if it included claims of up to £250000.
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