A dichotomy has frequently been postulated between physical and psychiatric injuries for the purposes of awards of compensation in personal injury cases. The 'Montreal Convention', like the 'Warsaw ...Convention' before it, limits compensation in aeroplane accidents to 'bodily injuries'. In Casey v Pel-Air Aviation Pty Ltd; Helm v Pel-Air Aviation Pty Ltd 2015 NSWSC 566 Schmidt J of the New South Wales Supreme Court analysed previous decisions, applied English House of Lords authority and concluded that PTSD, at least in some circumstances, constitutes a brain injury and therefore a bodily injury that is compensable under the Montreal Convention. Her carefully reasoned decision consolidates previous authority and adds further impetus to those who contend that the time has come for amelioration of the unfair, albeit pragmatic, distinction between physical and psychiatric injuries.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
This study was performed to evaluate the clinical effect of translocating the soleus muscular branch of the tibial nerve to repair the deep peroneal nerve.
Methods
Eight patients were ...treated for high common peroneal nerve injury. The deep peroneal nerve was separated out from the common peroneal nerve if no injury occurred upon opening the epineurium of the common peroneal nerve. The soleus muscular branch of the tibial nerve was then translocated to the deep peroneal nerve.
Results
The average follow-up duration was 21.75 months. Electromyography revealed newly appearing electric potentials in the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor toe longus muscle at 8 to 10 months postoperatively. Four patients showed good functional recovery after surgery; functional recovery was poor in other patients.
Conclusions
Translocation of the soleus muscle branch is a feasible method to treat high common peroneal nerve injuries. A full understanding of the indications for this operation is required.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Recent studies have reported that massive rotator cuff tears do not heal as predictably as, and may have diminished clinical
outcomes compared with, smaller rotator cuff tears. An improved ...understanding of the biologic degeneration and the biomechanical
alterations of massive rotator cuff tears should provide better strategies to optimize outcomes. The approach to patients
with massive rotator cuff tears requires careful assessment of the patient and the extent of rotator cuff degeneration to
determine the appropriate treatment. For a rotator cuff tear that is repairable, the goal is to produce a tension-free, anatomical
repair that restores the footprint using soft tissue releases and various suturing techniques, including double-row, transosseous-equivalent
suture bridges or the rip-stop stitch. For irreparable cuff tears, the surgeon may elect to proceed with 1 of 2 approaches:
(1) palliative surgical treatmentâthat is, rotator cuff debridement, synovectomy, biceps tenotomy, tuberoplasty and/or nonanatomical
repair with partial repair; or (2) salvage treatment with various tendon transfers. Even though the biomechanical constructs
for rotator cuff repairs have been improved, the integrity of the repair still depends on biologic healing at the tendon-to-bone
junction. There has been much interest in the development of a scaffold to bridge massive rotator cuff tears and adjuvant
biologic modalities including growth factors and tenocyte-seeded scaffolds to augment tendon-to-bone healing. The treatment
of rotator cuff disease has improved considerably, but massive rotator cuff tears continue to pose a challenging problem for
orthopaedic surgeons.
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FSPLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We make use of a unique data set to test for information asymmetry, as well as distinguish ex ante moral hazard from adverse selection in different types of third‐party liability claims in automobile ...insurance policies: that is, those with bodily injury (BI) versus those with only property damage (PD). We find that the degree of information asymmetry is higher in liability claims with BI than those with only PD. Yet, the ex ante moral hazard only exists in liability claims with PD. We use a theoretical model to propose that the difference we find between the two types of claims in ex ante moral hazard is related to uninsurable risk embedded in BI claims. We confirm this finding in another sensitivity test comparing claims from new cars and nonnew cars. Altogether, these results suggest policy reforms leading to a better pricing mechanism in the automobile insurance industry in China.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this article is to give information about the achievements of the shockwave therapy in the treatment of the musculoskeletal injuries with scientific basis about this, making an ...analysis about the history, applications, effects and results embodied in scientific researches through the years. The innovation in treatment choices is a relevant subject with a high importance in health because this allow the patients different possibilities with better adaptation to their illness in the rehabilitation process. The compilation of information give us as result an improvement in all the musculoskeletal injuries treated with the shockwave therapy.
Laryngeal dysfunction after thyroidectomy is a common complication. Here, an abstract of a study by Echternach et al differentiating whether such complications result from injury to the recurrent ...nerve or to the vocal folds from intubation is presented. Results suggest that laryngeal complications after thyroidectomies are primarily caused by injury to the vocal folds from intubation and to a lesser extent by injury to the laryngeal nerve. They recommend documentation of informed consent, especially for patients who use their voice professionally, such as singers, actors, or teachers.
Discussion: The short term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing revision rotator cuff repair were similar to primary rotator cuff repair. The increase re-tear rate in the revision group at two ...years was associated with increased pain, impaired overhead function, weaker strength, less passive motion excursion and less overall satisfaction with...
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The aim: To identify problems associated with non-medical genital surgery and establish the limits of acceptable medical intervention in such operations.
Materials and methods: The study is based on ...a theoretical basis, which includes reviews of legislation, reports from non-governmental organizations, and is based on empirical data: decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, international regulations, statistics of the World Health Organization. Systemic and structural, comparative legal and functional methods, systematization, analysis and synthesis were decisive in the research process.
Conclusions: "Female genital mutilation" or "female circumcision" is essentially a separate type of bodily injury that is caused intentionally in accordance with various social domestic and religious traditions and beliefs of certain emigrant ethnical religious communities. Such actions are a form of discrimination and violation of women's rights on the basis of gender, as well as a form of child abuse, as the vast majority of such operations are carried out on girls under 12 years of age. Medical intervention in case of operations on female genitalia, including for non-therapeutic purposes, can be considered legitimate only with the informed consent of the patient and on conditions that the level of danger to human health from such intervention corresponds to the concept of personal autonomy, that is, it does not require direct state intervention for the reasons of urgent social necessity.
In this article, I develop a general explanatory model of the liability and lesser evil justifications of harm. Despite their respective provenance in consequentialist and deontological ethics, both ...justifications are, at root, rich forms of the proportionality relationship between a shared set of underlying normative variables. The nature of the proportionality relationship, and the conditions under which it operates, differ between the two forms of justification. The article explores these differences in detail and the implications they have for the justification of self-defense and war.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
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