Air pollution is a growing hazard to human health. This study examines whether air pollution affects the formation of corporate human capital and thereby firm performance. We find that people exhibit ...an intention to look for jobs in less polluted areas when air pollution is high in their location. This suggests that individuals arrange their lives at least partially in response to air pollution. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that the level of skilled executives and employees at a firm drops significantly when information on pollution in the firm's location is accessible in real time and when the pollution level in the firm's location increases, especially in locations where air pollution poses greater health concerns. In addition, parallel reductions in firm productivity and value are found and become more salient when firms have a greater dependence on human capital.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Múltiplos são os fatores que levaram a expulsão de consideráveis contingentes populacionais da Argentina em direção ao exterior entre 1966 e 1976, um tempo simultaneamente marcado por crises ...estruturais, políticas e turbulência social. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar processos que, embora independentes, são inter-relacionados: a emigração e a radicalização política. Para tal, enfocaremos o contexto histórico do período da ditadura de 1966-1972 e o interregno democrático de 1973-1976, que antecedeu ao Golpe de 24 de março de 1976, um marco traumático da História Recente do país. Além da bibliografia especializada, utilizamos na pesquisa depoimentos orais, documentos oficiais e periódicos, o que nos permitirá uma aproximação mais fidedigna e verosímil de um passado complexo e multifacetado.
In this study, the effects of relationships between homeland and the Scientific Turkish Diaspora in Germany on the possibility of reverse brain drain and intellectual reverse brain drain are examined ...through the data obtained from 466 Turkish and/or Turkish scientists. According to the findings, the relationships of the scientists in the diaspora with their homeland positively affect all of the likelihood of reverse brain drain and the possibility of intellectual reverse brain drain. However, there are differences between the types and effects of the relationship.
•We present a novel taxonomy of mobility types of scientists based on bibliometric data.•Four mobility classes are presented: not mobile researchers, directional travelers, non-directional travelers ...and migrants.•Travelers are defined as those who have affiliation ties with more than one country, always maintaining a link with their country of origin.•We present a brief analysis worldwide to illustrate the potential of these mobility classes to inform science policy.•This taxonomy can be applied to several levels of analysis, demonstrating scientific mobility within nations, institutions, sectors or disciplines, as well as internationally.
This paper presents a methodological framework for developing scientific mobility indicators based on bibliometric data. We identify nearly 16 million individual authors from publications covered in the Web of Science for the 2008–2015 period. Based on the information provided across individuals’ publication records, we propose a general classification for analyzing scientific mobility using institutional affiliation changes. We distinguish between migrants--authors who have ruptures with their country of origin--and travelers--authors who gain additional affiliations while maintaining affiliation with their country of origin. We find that 3.7% of researchers who have published at least one paper over the period are mobile. Travelers represent 72.7% of all mobile scholars, but migrants have higher scientific impact. We apply this classification at the country level, expanding the classification to incorporate the directionality of scientists’ mobility (i.e., incoming and outgoing). We provide a brief analysis to highlight the utility of the proposed taxonomy to study scholarly mobility and discuss the implications for science policy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We study the impact of directors with foreign experience on firm performance in emerging markets. Using a unique data set from China, we exploit the introduction of policies to attract talented ...emigrants and increase the supply of individuals with foreign experience in different provinces at different times. We document that performance increases after firms hire directors with foreign experience and identify the channels through which the emigration of talent may lead to a brain gain. Our findings provide evidence on how directors transmit knowledge about management practices and corporate governance to firms in emerging markets.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
This paper examines self-accounting views of health sector corruption in the midst of COVID-19 outbreak in Enugu and Anambra States, Nigeria. Using a qualitative research approach, a sample of 36 ...respondents was drawn from Anambra and Enugu States. The purposive sampling technique was used to reach the respondents. In-depth interviews were the instrument for data collection. Findings confirmed that corruption in the health sector has created institutional mistrust and a formidable foe in the fight against COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria. The paper recommends the need for packages and incentives for healthcare professionals to be made adequate and equivalent to the global west, which will also help avert the brain drain in the sector. In addition, the paper recommends that the Nigerian people should stop being apathetic in their engagement with public office holders. A citizenry that does not engage its leadership will not receive the best of leadership, since constantly engaging public office holders and constructively questioning policies and actions can improve the nation.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We study the effect of top tax rates on "superstar" inventors' international mobility since 1977, using panel data on inventors from the US and European Patent Offices. We exploit the differential ...impact of changes in top tax rates on inventors of different qualities. Superstar inventors' location choices are significantly affected by top tax rates. In our preferred specification, the elasticity to the net-of-tax rate of the number of domestic superstar inventors is around 0.03, while that of foreign superstar inventors is around 1. These elasticities are larger for inventors in multinational companies. An inventor is less sensitive to taxes in a country if his company performs a higher share of its research there.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Ogashawara, who is originally from Brazil, says that the postdoc time limit makes things particularly difficult for researchers who aren't German citizens, because applying for a visa and residence ...permit can be complex and time consuming. Janssen, a postdoc in comparative literature and the history of science at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities Essen, says one problem is the lack of permanent positions available. Brain drain The time limit and lack of permanent positions also affects Villa Braslavsky as a principal investigator.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
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