The Function of Breathing in Acting The study is an analysis focusing on acting breathing, based on A. P. Chekhov's Seagull, discussing the first sentence of the drama (Medvedev: Why do you always ...walk in black?) in relation to ten theatrical performances. I examine breathing primarily as a stage meaning carrier, comparing it to show the diversity of actors playing the role of Medvedenko, and I perform a microanalysis of what other common features beyond the described Chekhov sentence characterize the stage work of some actors from the aspect of the breathing applied. To analyse the air intake preceding the introductory sentence, I define the concept and function, physiology, and structure of respiration in the study, and then draw various conclusions focusing on the practice of stage respiration. The statement of the study: the acting work appearing in the performance is determined and influenced by the breathing operated at the moment of entering the stage. The intensity of the air intake, the phase shift between exhalation and inhalation, the retention of the air and the flow of the inhaled air all determine the person entering the stage, they affect his voice, his actions, his thoughts
Bhramari pranayama is a popular, widely practiced and researched pranayama in yoga that is described in many ancient Indian yoga texts. Several experiments have been conducted on bhramari pranayama ...to investigate its potential health benefits. The present review aimed to explore all currently available experimental research on bhramari pranayama and its health benefits. We investigate Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to conduct our literature review. The databases mentioned above were searched in April 2023, and 46 experimental studies between 2006 and 2023 – including 18 single-arm clinical trials, 22 clinically controlled trials (CCTs) and six randomised control trials (RCTs) – were considered in the final evaluation for qualitative synthesis. Bhramari pranayama has been found in RCTs and CCTs to have a positive effect on psychological, cardiovascular and pulmonary health; it may also help those with hypertension and tinnitus lessen the associated symptoms of their conditions. Bhramari pranayama practice is found to be associated with higher levels of attention, quality of sleep, parasympathetic activity and pulmonary functioning and lower levels of stress, anxiety, depression, sympathetic activity and blood pressure across the included studies. This comprehensive review of the literature looked at each experimental trial of bhramari pranayama that examined people’s general health as well as specific medical conditions. To fill in the gaps in the currently available literature, researchers can organise their investigations to address these gaps and carry out more extensive research on bhramari pranayama in the future with the aid of this review.
Four iso-structural layered coordination polymers (CPs) of Cd(ii) and Zn(ii) were shown to exhibit breathing transitions with N sub(2)/H sub(2) gases. Furthermore, the solid solutions containing ...Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) have shown better uptake capacities of gas than parent CPs. These results give some insights into the role of metal ions and anions for fine-tuning the porosity of CPs.
The characterization of breathing dynamics provides researchers and clinicians the ability to differentiate respiratory compensation, impairment, disease progression, ventilator assistance, and the ...onset of respiratory failure. However, within many sub-fields of respiratory physiology, we still have challenges identifying changes within the breathing dynamics and critical respiratory states. We discuss one fundamental modeling of breathing and how modeling imprecise assumptions decades ago regarding breathing are still propagating into our quantitative analysis today, limiting our characterization and modeling of breathing. The assumption that breathing is a continuous sinusoidal wave that can consist of a single frequency which is composed of a stationary time-invariant process has limited our expanded discussion of breathing dynamics, modeling, functional testings, and metrics. Therefore, we address major misnomers regarding breathing dynamics, specifically rate, rhythm, frequency, and period. We demonstrate how these misnomers impact the characterization and modeling through the force equations that are linked to the Work of Breathing (WoB) and our interpretation of breathing dynamics through the fundamental models and create possible erroneous evaluations of work of breathing. This discussion and simplified non-periodic WoB models ultimately sets the foundation for improved quantitative approaches needed to further our understanding of breathing dynamics, compensation, and adaptation.
Voluntary slow breathing (VSB) is used as a prevention technique to support physical and mental health, given it is suggested to influence the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). However, to date, ...no comprehensive quantitative review exists to support or refute this claim. We address this through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of VSB on heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, we focus on HRV parameters indexing PNS activity regulating cardiac functioning, referred to as vagally-mediated (vm)HRV: (1) during the breathing session (i.e., DURING), (2) immediately after one training session (i.e., IM-AFTER1), as well as (3) after a multi-session intervention (i.e., AFTER-INT). From the 1842 selected abstracts, 223 studies were suitable for inclusion (172 DURING, 16 IM-AFTER1, and 49 AFTER-INT). Results indicate increases in vmHRV with VSB, DURING, IM-AFTER1, and AFTER-INT. Given the involvement of the PNS in a large range of health-related outcomes and conditions, VSB exercises could be advised as a low-tech and low-cost technique to use in prevention and adjunct treatment purposes, with few adverse effects expected.
•Voluntary slow breathing: VSB; vagally-mediated heart rate variability: vmHRV.•We perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of VSB on HRV.•Results indicate increases in vmHRV with VSB considering 3 time points.•Time points: during, after 1 session, after a multi-session intervention.•VSB can be advised as prevention and adjunct treatment for many conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Human respiration is an indispensable physiological behavior of the body, which is an important indicator to evaluate health status, especially for sleep‐related diseases. A real‐time respiratory ...monitoring and sleep breathing detecting system with convenience, high sensitivity, simple fabrication, and wearing comfort still remains a challenge and urgently desirable. Here, a breathable, highly sensitive, and self‐powered electronic skin (e‐skin) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported for real‐time respiratory monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) diagnosis. By using multilayer polyacrylonitrile and “polyamide 66” nanofibers as the contact pairs, and deposited gold as the electrodes, a contact‐separation type of TENG‐based all‐nanofiber e‐skin is developed. The e‐skin has a peak power density of 330 mW m−2, high pressure sensitivity of 0.217 kPa−1, excellent working stability, and good air permeability. Therefore, the e‐skin is simultaneously capable of energy autonomy and accurate real‐time subtle respiration monitoring. Meanwhile, a self‐powered diagnostic system for real‐time detection and severity evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome are further developed to prevent the occurrence of OSAHS, delay its development, and improve sleep quality. This study hopes to pave a new and practical pathway for real‐time respiration monitoring and sleep breathing diseases clinical detection.
By using multilayer polyacrylonitrile and “polyamide 66” nanofibers as the contact pairs, and deposited gold as the electrodes, a contact‐separation type triboelectric nanogenerator‐based all‐nanofiber e‐skin is developed. Thanks to the remarkable power output ability and pressure sensing sensitivity, the e‐skin can realize respiratory monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome diagnosis in a real‐time, noninvasive, and self‐powered manner.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Cellular and network properties must be capable of generating rhythmic activity that is both flexible and stable. This is particularly important for breathing, a rhythmic behavior that dynamically ...adapts to environmental, behavioral, and metabolic changes from the first to the last breath. The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), located within the ventral medulla, is responsible for producing rhythmic inspiration. Its cellular properties must be tunable, flexible as well as stabilizing. Here, we explore the role of the hyperpolarization-activated, nonselective cation current (
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) for stabilizing PreBötC activity during opioid exposure and reduced excitatory synaptic transmission. Introducing
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into an in silico preBötC network predicts that loss of this depolarizing current should significantly slow the inspiratory rhythm. By contrast, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the loss of
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minimally affected breathing frequency, but destabilized rhythmogenesis through the generation of incompletely synchronized bursts (burstlets). Associated with the loss of
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was an increased susceptibility of breathing to opioid-induced respiratory depression or weakened excitatory synaptic interactions, a paradoxical depolarization at the cellular level, and the suppression of tonic spiking. Tonic spiking activity is generated by nonrhythmic excitatory and inhibitory preBötC neurons, of which a large percentage express
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h
. Together, our results suggest that
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is important for maintaining tonic spiking, stabilizing inspiratory rhythmogenesis, and protecting breathing against perturbations or changes in network state.
NEW & NOTEWORTHY
The
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current plays multiple roles within the preBötC. This current is important for promoting intrinsic tonic spiking activity in excitatory and inhibitory neurons and for preserving rhythmic function during conditions that dampen network excitability, such as in the context of opioid-induced respiratory depression. We therefore propose that the
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current expands the dynamic range of rhythmogenesis, buffers the preBötC against network perturbations, and stabilizes rhythmogenesis by preventing the generation of unsynchronized bursts.
Periodic breathing (PB) is common in newborns and is an obvious manifestation of ventilatory control instability. However, many infants without PB may still have important underlying ventilatory ...control instabilities that go unnoticed using standard clinical monitoring. Methods to detect infants with "subclinical" ventilatory control instability are therefore required. The current study aimed to assess the degree of ventilatory control instability using simple bedside recordings in preterm infants.
Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) recordings were analyzed from ~20 minutes of quiet sleep in 20 preterm infants at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (median range: 36 34-40). The percentage time spent in PB was also calculated for each infant (%PB). Spontaneous sighs were identified and breath-by-breath measurements of (uncalibrated) ventilation were derived from RIP traces. Loop gain (LG, a measure of ventilatory control instability) was calculated by fitting a simple ventilatory control model (gain, time-constant, delay) to the post-sigh ventilatory pattern. For comparison, periodic inter-breath variability was also quantified using power spectral analysis (ventilatory oscillation magnitude index VOMI).
%PB was strongly associated with LG (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.001) and moderately with the VOMI (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.047). LG (0.52 ± 0.05 vs. 0.30 ± 0.03; p = 0.0025) and the VOMI (-8.2 ± 1.1 dB vs. -11.8 ± 0.9 dB; p = 0.026) were both significantly higher in infants that displayed PB vs. those without.
LG and VOMI determined from the ventilatory responses to spontaneous sighs can provide a practical approach to assessing ventilatory control instability in preterm infants. Such simple techniques may help identify infants at particular risk for ventilatory instabilities with concomitant hypoxemia and its associated consequences.
Speech-language pathologists are seeing a growing number of patients whose voice and upper airway symptoms are complicated by dyspnea, cognitive difficulties, anxiety, extreme fatigue, and other ...debilitating post COVID symptoms. These patients are often less responsive to traditional speech-language pathology treatments and there is emerging literature that suggests dysfunctional breathing (DB) might contribute to dyspnea and other symptoms in this patient population. Treatment of DB through breathing retraining has been shown to improve breathing and successfully reduce symptoms similar to those seen in patients with long COVID. There is some preliminary evidence that breathing retraining is helpful for patients with post COVID condition symptoms. However, breathing retraining protocols tend to be heterogeneous and are often not systematic or well described.
This case series reports on an Integrative Breathing Therapy (IBT) protocol used in patients diagnosed with post COVID condition symptoms attending an otolaryngology clinic who presented with signs and symptoms of DB. A systematic evaluation of the biomechanical, biochemical, and psychophysiological dimensions of DB based on principles of IBT was performed on each patient to enable targeted patient-centered care. Patients were then provided with intensive breathing retraining that aimed to comprehensively improve breathing functionality in all these three dimensions of breathing. Treatment involved 6–12 sessions of weekly 1-hour group telehealth sessions combined with 2–4 individual sessions.
All participants showed improvements in the parameters of DB measured and also reported a reduction in symptoms and improved daily function.
These findings suggest that patients with long COVID who present with signs and symptoms of DB might respond positively to comprehensive and intensive breathing retraining that addresses biochemical, biomechanical, and psychophysiological dimensions of breathing. More research is required to further refine this protocol and confirm its effectiveness through a controlled trial.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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