The poultry industry, especially broilers is the basis of the people's economy which has high potential in increasing inclusive economic growth. In addition, it can also be studied from the product ...distribution side, from the point of producer to the end consumer. One of the companies engaged in the production of broiler broilers is PT SUJ. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of farmer and company supply chains using the Supply Chain Operational Reference (SCOR) model approach with regard to internal and external attributes. The results showed that PT SUJ has four institutions involved in marketing broiler chickens, namely breeder partners, companies, brokers / agents and consumers. For measuring supply chain performance, the results of measuring the performance of broiler broiler supply chains at the level of partner farmers on the attributes of responsiveness and flexibility have achieved the best performance position (superior). However, for the attributes of reliability and assets are still at the level of advantage. Meanwhile, the value of chicken supply chain performance for the broiler company level on the attributes of reliability, responsiveness and flexibilty has achieved the best performance (superior). However, for attributes the company's assets only achieve a good position (advantage). Generally, the performance of broiler chicken supply chains is good at the farmer and company level.
The response to dietary fortification of both phytase and β-xylanase enzymes was investigated in broilers (Ross 308, No.=300) that were allocated into 3 different treatments; control (G1) was fed the ...basal diet only, the second group (G2) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 g/ton feed phytase 5000 FTU in combination with 250 g /ton feed β-xylanase, while the third group (G3) was fed the basal diet fortified with 50 g/ton feed phytase 10000 FTU plus 250 g /ton feed β-xylanase. When compared to the control diet, our results exhibited that co-feeding either Phytase 5000 or 10000 FTU with xylanase improved both growth performance and feed utilization. Moreover, tibia Ca and P% were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) when diets were supplemented with phytase 5000 and phytase 10000 FTU in comparison to control group indicating that each product could improve bioavailability of these minerals. Serum phosphorus (P) was greater with phytase inclusions in both doses, when compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Microscopical examination revealed a significant increase in the villus height of duodenum and jejunum of phytase and xylanase combination treated groups in a concentration dependent manner, when compared with the control group. Chemical examination of litter disclosed an improvement in litter moisture, reduced total nitrogen (N), and phosphorus percent in groups supplemented with phytase and xylanase enzymes. In conclusion, the use of combined supplementation of xylanase and phytase (5000 or 10000 FTU) could improve growth performance, P metabolism, bone mineralization and the intestinal nutrient absorption of broiler chicken.
ABSTRACTA study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing maize grain with tannia corm meal (TCM) on carcass characteristics and meat proximate composition. A total of 180-day-old Ross 308 ...broiler chicks were randomly divided into 15 pens, each with 12 chicks, and assigned to five dietary treatments with 3 replications. The five treatments were a replacement of maize grain with TCM at 0 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), 45 (T4) and 60% (T5) levels. Slaughter, carcass, breast, thighs, drumsticks, wings, gizzard and skin weights among the treatments were significant (p < 0.05). The proximate composition of ether extract (EE) both in breast and thigh muscles was lower in birds fed 45 and 60% levels of TCM. The crude protein (CP) level of breast muscle and the ash content of thigh muscle were significantly (p < 0.05) different. On the other hand, moisture content in breast and thigh muscles, CP from thigh muscle and ash from breast muscle were comparable for all the treatment diets. In conclusion, based on the chemical composition of the meat noted in this study, TCM in broiler diets could substitute maize grain up to 60%. However, using TCM beyond 45% would affect most broiler carcass characteristics.
Eleven slaughtered broiler chickens, 47 to 65 days of age, affected with enterogenous cysts were subjected to pathological investigation. All cysts were unilocular and closely attached to the ...spleens. Nine cases had a single cyst, and two had two cysts. The cysts were 15 to 68 mm in greatest dimension and possessed pale mucus in the lumina. Histologically, each cystic wall consisted of lining epithelia, subepithelial connective tissue, smooth muscular tissue and fibrous capsule. Lining epithelia were simple cuboidal or columnar and often formed villous projections. The apical parts of the columnar epithelia covering the projections were filled with mucous granules, positive with both periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue pH 2.5 stains and blue with Azan stain. The obtained results suggest that each cyst is lined with mucosa similar to the intestinal one. Focal stratified squamous metaplasia was observed in the epithelia of one case, and hemorrhages or purulent inflammation was found in the cysts of two cases each.
An experiment was conducted to determinate the effect of microbial phytase supplementation on broiler chickens blood performance (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), using 300 day-old commercial ...broiler chickens Cobb 500 from 1 to 42 days of age. The aim of study was the monitoring and mathematic-statistical evaluating of the effect of microbial phytase (0.1%) in feed mixtures with different content of total phosphorus (control group 4.5% of phosphorus, trial group 2.3% of phosphorus, trial group 2.3% of phosphorus + phytase 0.1%). The biochemical values of blood coefficients were evaluated by automatic clinical analyzer Microlab 300. The values of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium content in the blood of broilers were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition we concluded that phytase supplementation to the feed mixtures did not influence calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content in the blood of broiler chickens.
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This study assessed the effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), individually and in combination with exogenous enzymes, on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broiler ...chickens. One hundred and twenty Ross 308 male chickens were allocated into 40 battery brooders, with 3 birds per cage, and fed ad libitum a corn-based diet during the first 21 D of the trial. The experimental period lasted from day 21 to 35, during which birds were fed 4 different diets: a corn-soybean basal diet, taken as the control group, a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina (MA), a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP (MAR), and a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina plus 0.01% lysozyme (MAL). Body weight gain (P < 0.001) and feed conversion rate (P < 0.001) were improved in control chickens, when compared with those fed with Spirulina. In addition, Spirulina increased the length of duodenum plus jejunum in relation to the other treatment (P < 0.01). Chickens on the MAL diet showed a considerable increase in digesta viscosity (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Breast and thigh meats from chickens fed with Spirulina, with or without the addition of exogenous enzymes, had higher values of yellowness (b*) (P < 0.001), total carotenoids (P < 0.001), and saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001), whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (P < 0.01) and α-tocopherol (P < 0.001) decreased, when compared with the control. In conclusion, the incorporation of 15% Spirulina in broiler diets, individually or combined with exogenous enzymes, reduced birds' performance through a higher digesta viscosity, which is likely associated with the gelation of microalga indigestible proteins. In addition, cell wall of Spirulina was successfully broken by the addition of lysozyme, but not by Rovabio Excel AP. Therefore, we anticipate that the combination of lysozyme with an exogenous specific peptidase could improve the digestibility of proteins from this microalga and avoid their detrimental gelation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Safety Study of Doxicycline in Broiler Chickens Romeo Teodor Cristina; Ivo Schmerold; Eugenia Dumitrescu ...
Lucrări științifice zootehnie şi biotehnologii,
10/2023, Volume:
43, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
Doxicycline is a structural isomer who meets the European reference standard (Ph.Eur. III 1997:0272) and respect EU Regulations for M.R.L. The good solubility permits high tissular absorption and ...distribution after administration in drinking water. The aim was to ascertain the clinical effects and tolerance consecutive to risen doses administration, as a part of safety study for this antibiotic in poultry in the respect of current drug testing methodology. The safety study revealed: good local and general tolerance to therapeutic doses (10 mg x kgb.w.-1) and to x2 dose, diarrhoea in lots which received x3 and x5 the therapeutic dose. Comparatively with the Control lot, haemoleucogram doesn’t suffer evident changes the registered values being between the references limits (exception of leucocitary formula). Also it was found an increased creatinin concentration consecutively to x3 and x5 greater doses administration and marked increasing of ASAT level and limited for ALAT’s, comparatively to control lot in the case of E4 lot, but light to reference values. Macro and microscopy revealed for the liver samples: hepatomegaly, diffuse hepatic degenerescence, nuclear heterochromatinization, vacuolar degenerescence; renal changes in nefrons and renal corpuscles, light splenomegaly, caecal sacs distension and brown-yellowish gaseous content to lots E3 and E4.
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•Small intestinal bacteria havesimilar aminoacid requirements as the host.•Lactic acid bacteria and the host compete for dietary amino acids.•Protein escaping ileum is subject to putrefaction in the ...caecum.•Putrefaction produces toxin metabolites such as amines, indoles and ammonia.•Feed enzymes potentially alleviate problems of microbial protein metabolism.
The different sections of the broiler chicken intestinal tract are inhabited by specialist microbiota adapted to the physicochemical conditions, host physiology and available nutrients of the specific habitat. The small intestine is dominated by lactic acid bacteria which have complex nutrient requirements resembling those of the chicken host itself. Lactobacilli are unable to synthesise amino acids for their anabolism and are therefore highly dependent on amino acid availability in the growth environment. Thus, in the small intestine there is competition for amino acids between the microbiota and the chicken host. According to rough estimates, lactobacilli in the small intestine may assimilate 3–6% of total dietary amino acids. If the protein is highly digestible and amino acids are largely absorbed in the upper small intestine, where bacterial growth is suppressed, the proportion captured by the host may be higher. Exogenous enzymes which promote protein digestion are also likely to provide a competitive advantage to the chicken, offering less growth potential for amino acid-dependent bacteria.
Protein escaping the ileum comprises resistant protein of dietary origin, protein assimilated to intestinal bacteria and endogenous protein synthesised and secreted by the host, the latter synthesised in host tissues from dietary amino acids and thus representing true endogenous protein. Activities of small intestinal bacteria affect the size of the microbial protein fraction and also the production of endogenous proteins originating from mucin, epithelial cells and antibodies.
Ileal bypass protein is subject to fermentation by putrefactive bacteria in the caecum. Putrefaction produces many harmful and toxic compounds, which in high concentrations may have adverse effects on chicken growth and performance. The protein fermentation products include amines, indoles, phenols, cresol and ammonia, which can all negatively affect host or cell health. All actions to reduce the amount of ileal bypass protein potentially also reduce production of toxic protein fermentation metabolites in the caecum. Enzymes which facilitate protein digestion in the upper intestine and soluble carbohydrates resistant to ileal digestion both reduce caecal putrefaction. In the distal intestine, saccharolytic fermentation is preferred and putrefaction accelerates only when utilisable carbohydrates are depleted. Soluble oligo- and polysaccharides are produced in situ by non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes and can also be added directly to the diet as health-promoting prebiotics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of probiotic preparation on productive parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Totally 60 one-day-old chickens of Ross 308 ...were divided in two groups: control group (n=30) received drinking water without any additives and experimental group (n=30) received probiotic preparation in dose 2 ml per 1 l of drinking water from day 1 to day 42 of fattening. The probiotic preparation contained the strains of Lactobacillus casei CCM 3775 (3.86x106 CFU.g-1), Lactobacillus plantarum 24001 (3.86x106 CFU.g-1) and Saccharomycces cerevisiae MUCL 39885 (7.00x103 CFU.g-1). Broiler chickens were feeding ad libitum with commercial feed mixtures. Individual body weights of all birds, feed conversion ratio per group were determined in 21 and 42 day, total mortality rate we recorded in 42 day of fattening period. Carcass quality of broiler chickens was determined at the end of the experiment. The supplementation of probiotic affected positively body weight (p<0.05) in broiler chickens in 21 and 42 day of fattening. Feed conversion ratio in 21 and 42 day was similar in control and experimental groups. Total mortality in 42 day was positive affected (p<0.05) by supplementation of probiotic preparation in drinking water. The probiotic no significant (P˃0.05) affected percentage of breast and thighs from carcass body, weight of giblets and carcass yield. The addition of probiotic significantly (P<0.05) reduced the content of abdominal fat in carcass body.
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