An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary organic selenium inclusion on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, selenium retention and carcass characteristics in broiler ...chicken. Day-old broiler birds (160) were distributed randomly into four equal groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) comprising of four replicated pens with ten birds in each. Different treatment groups of birds were designated as T1 (Basal diet without selenium-enriched yeast), T2 (Basal diet with 0.50 mg/kg selenium enriched yeast), T3 (Basal diet with 1.00 mg/kg\ selenium enriched yeast) and T4 (Basal diet with 1.50 mg/kg selenium enriched yeast) for 56 days. The results revealed that final body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly enhanced for birds in T2 at both stages than other groups. T4 group showed highest glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and selenium concentration with lower malondialdehyde concentration compared to birds receiving other treatments. Carcass traits such as live weight and dressed weight significantly improved in T2 whereas relative weights and lengths of organs increased as level of organic selenium increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that adding 1.50 mg/kg selenium yeast enhanced growth, oxidative status, selenium deposition, carcass and organ traits without having a negative impact on the birds’ physiological state.
We used a combination of inexpensive camera equipment and statistical analysis of optical flow patterns to analyse the behaviour of 24 commercial broiler (meat) chicken flocks, Gallus gallus. ...Individual birds were not tracked or marked but the skew and kurtosis of flow patterns produced by the collective movements of the flocks were significantly correlated with key welfare measures such as % mortality, numbers of birds with hockburn (damaged leg skin) and abnormal walking behaviour (poor gaits) in individual birds. These correlations were already apparent in birds as young as 15–20days. Optical flow patterns provided an information-rich link between flock and individual that could be important in the development of new ways of assessing the welfare of, and managing, broiler chickens. It could also have wider application to the study of other animal groups as an alternative to more invasive or intrusive methods.
► Optical flow provided a noninvasive way of monitoring welfare in broiler chickens. ► Uniform optical flow indicated lower mortality, healthier legs and better walking. ► More extreme flow predicted higher mortality, blemished legs and lameness. ► Flow patterns predicted welfare days or weeks in advance. ► Optical flow could improve broiler welfare through better management.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background and Aim: The importance of monitoring antimicrobial residues in food is underlined by increasing worries about food safety and public health. The potential toxicity of azithromycin (Az) on ...broilers and its impact on chicken meat residues require further investigation. This study assesses Az’s toxicity effects and associated risks in broiler chickens through evaluation. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty chicks were distributed into four equal groups randomly. Each group received different daily oral doses of Az: 200 mg/kg for Az1, 100 mg/kg for Az2, and 50 mg/kg for Az3. The FAz group was given plain water. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure Az residue levels in muscle and liver. Oxidative markers (malondialdehyde MDA, superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT), liver and kidney function tests, and histopathological examination were conducted. Results: The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased in Az1 and Az2 groups from 8 h to 3 days and decreased slightly in Az2 by 7 days, while they remained normal in Az3. The levels of uric acid and creatine in the Az1 and Az2 groups increased from 8 h to 3 days and subsequently decreased in Az2 by the 7th day. Az1 group showed the highest increase in MDA levels within 7 days. With higher Az doses, SOD and CAT levels showed a more significant decrease post-treatment. 9.1 μg/kg Az1 liver had the highest residues, whereas none were detected in muscle. Conclusion: At higher doses, Az caused significant liver and kidney damage, whereas lower doses had negligible effects. Muscle tissue contains fewer Az residues than liver. Assessing risks and ensuring compliance with regulations necessitate constant surveillance of Az residues in food. The health implications and risk management insights necessitate further investigation into the long-term effects of Az residues. Keywords: antibiotic residues, azithromycin, broiler chicken, liver functions, oxidative stress.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The ban on the use of antibiotics in feed for broiler chickens in some parts of the world, coupled with increasing consumer demand for antibiotics-free poultry products, has in recent decades ...increased the interest of poultry researchers and producers to identify suitable alternatives to such antibiotics. One such alternative is yeast (S. cerevisiae). This review discusses the potential of probiotic and prebiotic yeast (S. cerevisiae) to increase productivity in healthy or disease-challenged broiler chickens. A brief description of the mechanisms of action, efficacy, reasons for inconsistent results, and ways to improve consistency in results are discussed. We conclude that there is convincing evidence that probiotic and prebiotic yeast products can replace in-feed antibiotics in broiler chicken production; however, there is a need for more testing in order to achieve consistency. A combination of appropriate yeast products alongside proper husbandry practices and bio-security measures could significantly reduce the observed inconsistencies, maximize broiler productivity and pave the way to a global antibiotic-free era in meat production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study aims to analyze factors such as broiler chicken population, DOC prices, feed prices and drug prices on boiler chicken meat supply, and population, per capita income, boiler chicken meat ...prices, tourist visits and religious holidays to demand boiler chicken meat in Bali Province. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program and trend analysis. Used 2 dependent variables and 9 independent variables. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from interviews with 100 respondents, while secondary data is obtained from annual data from 2009 to 2019. The results of the study concluded that the broiler chicken population, DOC prices, feed prices and drug prices had no effect on the supply of boiler chicken meat at the 95% confidence level and R2 of 0.641. This is because most breeders have partnerships with companies. Meanwhile, partially the demand for boiler chicken meat is determined by the population with a coefficient of 0.045 at 95% confidence. This shows that the increase in population is directly proportional to the consumption of broiler chicken meat. While other variables do not affect the demand for broiler chicken in Bali Province.
This study describes the development and use of bacteriophage cocktails to control
in broiler chickens, in a commercial setting, in Queensland Australia, following the birds from farm to the ...processing plant. The components of the bacteriophage cocktails were selected to be effective against the maximum number of
and
isolates encountered on SE Queensland farms. Farms were identified that had suitable
target populations and phage were undetectable 1 week prior to the intended treatment. Cocktails of phages were administered at 47 days of age. Groups of study birds were slaughtered the following day, on-farm, at the end of flock transport to the plant, and at processing (approximately 28 h post-treatment). On Farm A, the phage treatment significantly reduced
levels in the ceca at the farm in the range of 1-3 log
CFU/g (
= 0.007), compared to mock treated controls. However, individual birds sampled on farm (1/10) or following transport (2/10) exhibited high cecal
counts with low phage titers, suggesting that treatment periods > 24 h may be required to ensure phage replication for effective biocontrol
. At the time of the trial the control birds in Farm B were phage positive despite having been negative one week earlier. There was no significant difference in the cecal
counts between the treatment and control groups following treatment but a fall of 1.7 log
CFU/g was observed from that determined from birds collected the previous week (
= 0.0004).
isolates from both farms retained sensitivity to the treatment phages. These trials demonstrated bacteriophages sourced from Queensland farms have the potential to reduce intestinal
levels in market ready broiler chickens.
•Pterostilbene increased the sensory quality of chicken breast meat, especially WHC.•Pterostilbene improved the quality of amino acids in chicken meat.•Pterostilbene had positive effects on the MP ...structure of chicken meat.•Pterostilbene enhanced the antioxidant capacity, reduced lipid and protein oxidation.•Correlations between meat quality, MP structure and antioxidant status were explored.
This research aimed to investigate the effects of dietary pterostilbene supplementation on meat quality, myofibrillar protein (MP) structure and antioxidant capacity of broiler chicken. The results showed that pterostilbene increased pH24h, redness a*24h, water-holding capacity, and decreased yellowness b*24h and shear force of chicken meat; it also raised the crude protein, non-essential amino acid and flavor amino acid content in muscle. Pterostilbene increased Ca2+-ATPase activity and the α-helical ratio in muscle MP, accompanied by decreased dityrosine content and protein particle size, suggesting that pterostilbene addition effectively improved the MP structure. These alterations caused by dietary pterostilbene might be partially associated with the enhanced total superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities regulated by genes relating to the Nrf2 signaling pathway, as well as reduced lipid and protein oxidation. Together, pterostilbene could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the organoleptic quality and nutritional value of chicken meat.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Domestic chickens are valuable sources of protein associated with producing meat and eggs for humans. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) houses a large microbial community, and these microbiota play an ...important role in growth and health of chickens, contributing to the enhancement of nutrient absorption and improvement of the birds' immune systems. To improve our understanding of the chicken intestinal microbial composition, microbiota inhabiting 5 different intestinal locations (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) of 42-day-old broiler chickens were detected based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. As a result, 1,502,554 sequences were clustered into 796 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 97% sequence similarity value and identified into 15 phyla and 288 genera. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were the major microbial groups and Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon accounting for > 60% of sequences, while Bacteroidetes was the dominant phylum in cecum (>50% of sequences), but little in the other four gut sections. At the genus level, the major microbial genera across all gut sections were Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, and Corynebacterium. Lactobacillus was the predominant genus in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (>35%), but was rarely present in cecum, and Bacteroides was the most dominant group in cecum (about 40%), but rarely present in the other 4 intestinal sections. Differences of microbial composition between the 5 intestinal locations might be a cause and consequence of gut functional differences and may also reflect host selection mediated by innate or adaptive immune responses. All these results could offer some information for the future study on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and broiler chicken growth performance as well as health.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Prevention of Newcastle disease has received a lot of interest across the world. The high productivity performance of the commercial chickens’ breeds has negative effects on the immune system and ...animal welfare. As a result, the current study aimed to investigate the benefits of adding Artemisia powder at levels of 0.5% and 1% to broilers’ feed as a growth and health promoter. A total of 120 commercial broiler chickens were grown on the floor in a chicken house and separated into three groups, including one control and two treatment groups. Each group contained 40 chickens subdivided into two replicates. The three groups, namely G1 (chickens without Artemisia powder, as a control group), G2, and G3 in which chickens were fed with basal diet plus 0.5% and 1% Artemisia powder, respectively, were differentiated based on their diet throughout 35 days of the experiment. The measured parameters included the immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine, blood biochemical parameters, and growth performance as well as relative weight for the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. A diet containing 1% Artemisia powder significantly improved antibody titer against Newcastle disease, body weight, and weight gain. Thus, the addition of 1% of Artemisia powder to the broiler’s diet can improve immune response against Newcastle disease and growth performance.
Prevention of Newcastle disease has received a lot of interest across the world. The high productivity performance of the commercial chickens’ breeds has negative effects on the immune system and animal welfare. As a result, the current study aimed to investigate the benefits of adding Artemisia powder at levels of 0.5% and 1% to broilers’ feed as a growth and health promoter. A total of 120 commercial broiler chickens were grown on the floor in a chicken house and separated into three groups, including one control and two treatment groups. Each group contained 40 chickens subdivided into two replicates. The three groups, namely G1 (chickens without Artemisia powder, as a control group), G2, and G3 in which chickens were fed with basal diet plus 0.5% and 1% Artemisia powder, respectively, were differentiated based on their diet throughout 35 days of the experiment. The measured parameters included the immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine, blood biochemical parameters, and growth performance as well as relative weight for the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. A diet containing 1% Artemisia powder significantly improved antibody titer against Newcastle disease, body weight, and weight gain. Thus, the addition of 1% of Artemisia powder to the broiler’s diet can improve immune response against Newcastle disease and growth performance.
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