Strategy, as a reflection in a more or less military context, has been and remains a permanent feature of human experience both historically and today. At the level of people, we draw a lot of ...strategies, in various contexts, because we do not have certainties about the future, we must have a cautious attitude, imagine scenarios regarding the unfolding of facts, processes, events, etc. We build strategies because our human condition demands/imposes this for individuals, groups of people, organizations of various types and countries/nations. The strategy is an overview of what an organization or individual wants to achieve, along with a set of goals to make it possible, but it is not the details of the plans by which the goals are implemented. At the same time, the strategy is how nations, states, leaders and elites seek to shape their advantageous position at a given time, following the context that ensures their security and protects their interests.
•The effects of COVID-19 pandemic investigated.•Global airlines’ responses to COVID-19 examined.•A host of internally generated and externally imposed responses explored.•A unified conceptual ...framework of firms’ responses is advanced.
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2019/2020 ushered in a new turbulent and chaotic global environment where governments not only placed temporary restrictions on people’s movements, but also mandated limits on business activities. However, lacking in the contemporary scholarly discourse is a deeper understanding of how businesses respond to such pandemics. In this research note (RN), a conceptual framework of firms’ responses is advanced. Using the global airline industry, the analysis delineates a host of internally generated and externally imposed firms’ strategic and tactical responses to the pandemic including in-flight service changes, flight cancellations, seeking emergency aids and financial supports, and firm closures. The analysis demonstrates that in responding to the crisis, many airlines sought to minimise erosion of long-developed knowledge, market capabilities, route networks, access to airports, customer base and relationships/trust with customers prior to COVID-19 to equip them for recovery. The wider implications for academics, managers and governments are outlined as the effects of COVID-19 continue to unfold.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Over the last few years, a lot has been discussed about sustainability and what it represents. We realized that this term is not clear and concise enough, but in time it will become understood by ...everyone. Some people consider that there are examples relating to sustainability, not knowing what the concept makes reference to, and others believe that sustainability represents an unwritten law that you must comply with. This is why we will try to explain this term, hereinafter focusing on the accounting impact of sustainable development on the business environment.
Focusing on 50 representative Chinese cities and applying the ecosystem theory of the business environment, this study employs the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to detect ...the synergistic mechanisms through which the business environment ecosystem of cities affects the manufacturing upgrading. The findings show: First, none of elements in the business environment ecosystem alone could constitute the necessary condition for high manufacturing upgrading. Second, there are three paths for the configuration of high-level manufacturing upgrading, which can be summarized into two modes: “public & innovation” driven mode, and “public & market” driven mode. Third, there are six paths in the configuration of low-level manufacturing upgrading, which can be summarized into three modes: “government & innovation” restricted mode, “human & market” restricted mode, and “government & high rule of law” restricted mode. Furthermore, there is an asymmetrical relationship with the configurations of high manufacturing upgrading performance. Finally, under certain conditions, there are substitutive relationships between elements in the business environment. Overall, this work contributes to the literature on the synergistic mechanisms of business environment ecosystems, and provides practical information for manufacturing firms pursuing upgrading from multiple paths.
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The aim of this paper was to define and quantify significant factors that shape the quality of the business environment in the SME segment and to create the business environment quality index. A part ...of this aim was a comparison of defined factors in the Czech Republic (CR) and the Slovak Republic (SR). In regards to the aim defined, a survey-based research was conducted with enterprises operating in the SME segment. 312 enterprises in CR and 329 enterprises in SR were approached during this research. To verify the defined scientific hypotheses, a custom Business Environment Quality Index was created that was quantified separately for CR and SR. The research results brought interesting findings. The aggregated Business Environment Quality Index in the Slovak Republic reached the value of 0.460, which was higher than that of the Czech Republic (0.418). Slovak entrepreneurs gave the economic factors a higher rating than Czech entrepreneurs. Similarly, Slovak entrepreneurs rated the importance of the Central Bank in establishing a stable business environment and the role of commercial banks in financing business needs more positively. The evaluation of political factors is relatively negative in both countries. Slovak entrepreneurs evaluated more positively the judicial system in the area of commercial law, the state’s influence on the business environment, and the administrative burden on enterprises. Czech entrepreneurs had a minor issue with the state bureaucracy’s impact on the business environment. The evaluation of technological factors is relatively negative in both countries, as the value of this index is slightly below 0.250. Slovak entrepreneurs better assessed the situation on the job market and the cooperation of the public sector with the business environment. On the contrary, Czech entrepreneurs gave the infrastructure level in the area of research and development a better rating. The evaluation of social factors is relatively positive in both countries. Entrepreneurs in the Slovak Republic perceive a more positive attitude of the society towards entrepreneurs and a more intense influence of the family on entrepreneurship, and positively evaluate media’s activities in regards to the business environment. The evaluation of the competitive environment is more positive in Slovakia. When evaluating the narrower competitive environment, it was discovered that Slovak entrepreneurs think that customers, suppliers, and employees play a positive role in their business.
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Green bonds are a comparatively recent investment mechanism for green initiatives and are perceived as the first line of climate change protection. The aim of the article is to decide if the issuing ...of a green bond is perceived to be good news for market players, and also to ascertain whether developing markets, relative to established markets, are more inclined towards green bonds to tackle climate change. The study used an international sample of recent green bond issues and illustrated the possible effects of the issuing of a green bond for the issuer. A sample of 392 green bonds released from 2017 to 2020 is included. Event study methodology is used to analyse investor response to green bond issuance. Over the years, emerging markets have been found to be keen on greening projects by green bonds, much in line with established markets. The findings suggest that on the day of issuance of the green bonds the stock market responds adversely and reacts positively after the day. Hence statistical technique is applied on different event windows to obtain the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR). Statistical analysis concludes that the market responds adversely to the issuing of a green bond. This influence is particularly evident in the first issuing of green bonds and in developing markets. This research shows that proposals of green debt transmit unfavourable knowledge about the issuing companies. These results are relevant only in the case of green bonds issued by listed firms.
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27.
Does Globalization Impact Entrepreneurship? Akaiso, Darlington; Markova, Mariya V.
IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) (Online),
01/2023, Volume:
6, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Purpose: This paper examines the effect of the globalization phenomenon and its impact on the dynamic development of entrepreneurship based on changing economic, cultural, and business environments ...both within and between nations.
Design/methodology/approach: The authors use theoretical perspectives and analyze literature reviews to identify the effect of the relationship that exists between globalization and entrepreneurship, which plays a variety of important roles in the business world.
Findings: The findings of the study show that while there is a significant statistical difference between U.S. and international entrepreneurs regarding the importance of cross-cultural considerations, there are no statistical differences regarding the importance of global entrepreneurial innovation, business environment, and the effect of globalization on the economy.
Research limitations/implications: The paper presents a critical analysis of the impact of globalization on entrepreneurs in the U.S. and internationally.
Practical implications: The authors investigate the characteristics necessary for entrepreneurs to be successful, such as skills, knowledge, experience, and the abilities needed to apply technology and innovation, and they navigate complex cultural differences that may exist between business members and stakeholders from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Paper type: Research paper
This research aims to measure the impact of the business environment and tax incentives on new investments in Kosovo. A questionnaire created especially for this study was submitted to 104 companies ...that have invested in Kosovo during the period 2018–2020. It is designed to be as comprehensible and accessible as possible and is divided into an introduction that provides demographic data of the respondent, and types of surveyed businesses, to go through the questions related to new investments, and business environment, and the last section contains questions related to tax incentives. The reliability of the questionnaire is measured by Cronbach’s alpha. In terms of the methodology, a multifactorial regression model and correlation analysis are employed. Based on the multiple regression model, the research results show that the independent variables, such as business environment and tax incentives, have a significant positive impact on the dependent variable, new investments. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between new investments and tax incentives also indicates a strong positive relationship. Additionally, the business environment and tax incentives are the main factors attracting new investments. The results of this study can help to enhance the business climate and boost tax incentives, demonstrating Kosovo’s suitability as a location for new investments. There remains the duty of the government and policymakers to create mechanisms that ensure sustainable business conditions and applicable tax incentives.
In order to achieve economic progress in less developed countries, it is necessary to provide the necessary resources. Foreign investments very often represent the primary source of financing for ...certain world economies, and the struggle for financial resources, which are limited, is becoming greater. Many countries have a planned approach to this process, and make huge efforts to attract foreign investors. For this reason, it is necessary to systematically approach this research problem, and to create adequate strategies for attracting foreign investments. When it comes to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the surrounding countries, the competition to attract foreign investments between them is getting tougher. Each of the neighboring countries has its own competitive advantages, and with an adequate set of incentive measures, it can achieve a significant inflow of foreign investments. Unfortunately, of all the surrounding countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina has the lowest inflow of foreign investments, so it is necessary to define the competitive advantages of the business environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Information communication technology (ICT) is driving modern employment creation with networking sites enabling people to interact through innovation. However, ICT uptake and implementation differ ...due to moderating factors such as entrepreneur innovativeness, which enhances how technology innovation impacts organizational performance. This study examines the association between technology innovation and firm performance in Kenya by considering the impact of entrepreneur innovativeness on this association. A sample of 240 enterprises and structural equation modeling were used in the analysis. The findings indicate that technology innovation influences firm performance positively. The study recommends that entrepreneurs should develop innovative strategies to actualize firm performance. Government policy should aim at improving ICT infrastructure; promoting small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs') technological externalities within the industry, and establishing ICT resource centers to support SME performance. The study's findings enrich existing theories and contribute to business management practices in both developed and developing countries.
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