The functional activities, such as management, marketing, R&D and fabrication, carried out by a country or industry is of great importance for its governance and upgrading on the global value chains ...(GVCs). This paper provides a long-term macro-economic analysis on China's functional upgrading in GVCs and its drivers between 1999 and 2011. We combine the world input-output database with the newly compiled labour occupations database to measure China's functional income growth in internationally fragmented production networks, and then incorporate the concept into the chaining structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to explore its drivers. We find that China has achieved functional upgrading to some degree, reflected in the growth of China's domestic value added in headquarter activities, such as R&D, at the aggregate and industrial levels. However, fabrication activity still stands out, indicating that China still has a long way to go on upgrading in GVCs. Finally, through the chaining SDA, we find that among the GVC production, technology and consumption effects, the consumption level (consumer demand) is the main factor driving the growth of China's functional upgrading.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper explores the contribution of domestic and foreign demand to China's income growth by business function. To this end, we extend a single country input-output approach to a global ...multi-country setting, and further redefine the measure via forward linkages. We also propose chaining structural decomposition analysis to identify the role of domestic and foreign demand in functional income changes over 1999-2011. Using the World Input-Output Database combined with Labor Occupations Database, we distinguish functional activities in production, management, marketing and R&D. This enables us to find that domestic and foreign final demands, especially the former, jointly lead to China's income growth by business function. Dynamically, the generally upward trends in China's income hold in the aggregate as well as by industry and business function. We also find that China's income growth is quite heterogeneous across industries and business functions.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Esta investigación analiza el crecimiento económico desde la teoría de la eficiencia dinámica, utilizando un indicador global de competitividad y uno de libertad económica global, partiendo de la ...hipótesis de que mayor libertad económica se traduce en mayor competitividad y crecimiento económico. La eficiencia dinámica sustentada en autores de la economía austriaca pretende explicar cómo el incremento en la rentabilidad y productividad en la producción de bienes y servicios, depende principalmente de la creatividad empresarial. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el estudio es descriptivo, correlacional y prospectivo, se empleó datos de panel de las 20 economías más grandes del continente americano; también analiza los principales indicadores macroeconómicos, la calidad de las instituciones, salud, educación primaria, infraestructura y el grado de innovación empresarial, correlacionado con variables que miden el nivel de libertad para hacer negocios, presión fiscal, tamaño del gobierno, seguridad jurídica; se mide la competitividad por medio de los factores que determinan la productividad de una economía. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que el índice de libertad económica y el PIB per cápita, muestran una relación causal bidireccional en el sentido de Granger, develando con ello una relación de endogeneidad entre ambas variables. Se demostró el grado de cointegración, causalidad y explicación de la competitividad y la libertad económica con el crecimiento económico.
The Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) discipline aims at deriving relevant IT support for a company from its strategy and business architecture. It, therefore, provides an extensive set of ...tools for describing and analyzing architecture for a given organization. One of the central tools bridging the gap between business and IT is the Business Support Matrix (BSM). It provides a high-level overview on business-related abstractions (e.g. business processes or functions) and their supporting software applications. The paper at hand presents and approach basing on the BSM for determining optimization potential in the application landscape of a large logistics company in Germany. This approach includes some basic key performance indicators (KPI) as well as a categorization of software applications in a corporate environment based on business support. It has been developed and evaluated in a German logistics company and is still evolving.
Discussion about sport marketing implies its theoretical definition and generalization, and then its actual definition in sport environment. Sport marketing, belongs to the newer type of the ...marketing. It appeared in time of increasing activity and significance of sport in the world. Huge human potential, with which sport as an activity disposes, implied the need to organize more properly and use it purposefully. “Sport marketing belongs to business function of sport organization and represents primarily an economical process of connecting production (sport organizations with sportsmen and coaches) and consumption (sport and other public). It can be seen in the fact besides promoting sport it conducts certain (limited) productive activity (exchange of sport equipment, exchange of sport requisites and material goods that create sport clubs through competitions
Discussion about sport marketing implies its theoretical definition and generalization, and then its actual definition in sport environment. Sport marketing, belongs to the newer type of the ...marketing. It appeared in time of increasing activity and significance of sport in the world. Huge human potential, with which sport as an activity disposes, implied the need to organize more properly and use it purposefully. “Sport marketing belongs to business function of sport organization and represents primarily an economical process of connecting production (sport organizations with sportsmen and coaches) and consumption (sport and other public). It can be seen in the fact besides promoting sport it conducts certain (limited) productive activity (exchange of sport equipment, exchange of sport requisites and material goods that create sport clubs through competitions.
This article contributes to an assessment of the scholarly work of Sanjaya Lall, especially as it relates to improved measures of industrial upgrading and technological learning. We argue for the ...collection of new statistics, in addition to reworking and linking existing data sets. Changes in the global economy, especially the rise of global value chains (GVCs), have created measurement problems that require not only continued innovation in the use of existing data sources, but also the development and deployment of new measures that analyze GVCs more directly. Specifically, we advocate for the collection of establishment-level economic data according to business functions. Data collected according to a standardized set of generic business functions can provide researchers and policymakers with a better map of the value chain, reveal the roles that domestic establishments, firms, and industries play within GVCs, and offer a unique view of the competitive pressures facing domestic firms and industries. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
This paper illustrates the most recent results regarding the criticality ranking decision support classifier for an individual business function. The validated classifier is part of the business ...continuity points approach which estimates the recovery complexity of an individual business function and is based on the use case points method for estimating the software complexity. The business continuity points method is utilized in order to estimate specific recovery complexity parameters of a given business function. A part of the approach concerns the business function criticality ranking which is based on the recovery complexity parameters. In this paper, we measure the accuracy in the criticality ranking classifier by comparing results between the speedy and the detailed criticality ranking of a business function. The measurement is performed via the R-Studio software and the confusion matrix technique. The results are based on a learning data set prepared in MS Excel which includes the empirical calculations for constructing the specific classifier.
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