Epidemiological Study of CA Breast in Diyala Ibrahim Ahmed, Rihab; Ahmed Shakir, Shahab; Tyeyab Hamad, Mohamad ...
Diyala Journal of Medicine,
6/2022, Volume:
22, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Background: Breast cancer is becoming the most common cancer among women in both developed and developing countries . Breast cancer has been the leading cause of death among Iraqi women for three ...decades, and it is the second leading cause of death after cerebrovascular illnesses.Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinic pathological behavior of breast cancer in Diyala province.Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Oncology Clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital for 24 months between April 1st and March 31st, 2021. A sample of (257) patients was selected to collect socio-demographic information (age, gender, marital status, history of breast lactation ,history of contraceptive pills, history of breast cancer in family, parity status). Results: The current study shows that more than 55% of the patients were under the age of (50) years. Two hundred fifty one patients (97.6%) were female and( 6) patients (2.4%)were male. from the 251 female patient . Right breast tumor was found in 120 patients (48%) and left breast tumor was found in (127) patients (50.4%) and bilateral breast tumor in (4) patients(1.6%). In terms of breast cancer family history, 28 patients(11%) had a positive family history, while 223 patients (89%) had a negative family history. One hundred fifty seven of patients(63%) had history of breastfeeding and( 94) of patients(37%) had no history of breastfeeding . One hundred forty six patients (58%) had positive history of oral contraceptive pill while 105 patients (42%) had negative history of oral contraceptive pill. twenty two patients (9%) had positive history of smoking while (229) patients (91%) had negative history of smoking . The histopathological result were Invasive ductal carcinoma (I.D.C) in (233) patients (93%) and Invasive lobular carcinoma (I.L.C) in (18) patients. Breast cancer patients were married in 73% of cases, widowed in 13.5 percent of cases, divorced in 2.5 percent of cases, and single in 11% of cases. Most cases belonged to differentiation stage II ( 159) patients (63%), followed by stage III ( 57) patients (23%) , stage I ( 13) patients (5%) and stage IV (22) patients(9%) . Conclusion: The current study concludes that In Iraq, the majority of breast cancer patients were in the second stage, and patients' ages at diagnosis were younger than in other communities. The development and execution of screening programs, as well as the management of risk factors, appear to be critical. Keywords: Breast, Cancer, Patients
Epidemiological Study of CA Breast in Diyala Rihab Ibrahim Ahmed; Shahab Ahmed Shakir; Mohamad Tyeyab Hamad ...
Diyala Journal of Medicine,
06/2022, Volume:
22, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Background: Breast cancer is becoming the most common cancer among women in both developed and developing countries . Breast cancer has been the leading cause of death among Iraqi women for three ...decades, and it is the second leading cause of death after cerebrovascular illnesses. Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinic pathological behavior of breast cancer in Diyala province. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Oncology Clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital for 24 months between April 1st and March 31st, 2021. A sample of (257) patients was selected to collect socio-demographic information (age, gender, marital status, history of breast lactation ,history of contraceptive pills, history of breast cancer in family, parity status). Results: The current study shows that more than 55% of the patients were under the age of (50) years. Two hundred fifty one patients (97.6%) were female and( 6) patients (2.4%)were male. from the 251 female patient . Right breast tumor was found in 120 patients (48%) and left breast tumor was found in (127) patients (50.4%) and bilateral breast tumor in (4) patients(1.6%). In terms of breast cancer family history, 28 patients(11%) had a positive family history, while 223 patients (89%) had a negative family history. One hundred fifty seven of patients(63%) had history of breastfeeding and( 94) of patients(37%) had no history of breastfeeding . One hundred forty six patients (58%) had positive history of oral contraceptive pill while 105 patients (42%) had negative history of oral contraceptive pill. twenty two patients (9%) had positive history of smoking while (229) patients (91%) had negative history of smoking . The histopathological result were Invasive ductal carcinoma (I.D.C) in (233) patients (93%) and Invasive lobular carcinoma (I.L.C) in (18) patients. Breast cancer patients were married in 73% of cases, widowed in 13.5 percent of cases, divorced in 2.5 percent of cases, and single in 11% of cases. Most cases belonged to differentiation stage II ( 159) patients (63%), followed by stage III ( 57) patients (23%) , stage I ( 13) patients (5%) and stage IV (22) patients(9%) . Conclusion: The current study concludes that In Iraq, the majority of breast cancer patients were in the second stage, and patients' ages at diagnosis were younger than in other communities. The development and execution of screening programs, as well as the management of risk factors, appear to be critical.
This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Psychosocial Needs Inventory (PNI) among Turkish oncology patients.
A methodological study was conducted with 1,547 oncology patients. ...This validation study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 included translation of the PNI according to World Health Organization recommendations, investigation of content validity by experts, and a pilot study involving 136 participants. Phase 2 included a validity and reliability analysis of the PNI. Data analysis comprised exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, Hotelling's T2 test and item-total score correlation, and the Content Validity Index (CVI).
For the phase 1, the CVI for items and scale were >.75 and .883, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values of the subdimensions ranged between 0.84 and 0.94. The test-retest analyses of the subdimensions showed correlation coefficients based on the pilot test (p < .001). For the phase 2, based on the fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis, the structures of the dimensions “Importance” and “Satisfaction” were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha values of the subdimensions ranged between 0.84 to 0.94 in the “Importance” dimension and 0.86 to 0.94 in the “Satisfaction” dimension. As a result of EFA, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett's test (p < 0.001) and PNI Importance explained at 68.46% and PNI Satisfaction at 70.15% of the total variance by the six-factor structure. CFA showed that the indices and validity, including content validity, convergent validity were satisfactory.
The PNI, which was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool, can be used to determine the psychosocial needs of cancer patients.
Health professionals need to use the PNI to measure their importance to cancer patients' psychosocial needs and assess their satisfaction with meeting them to improve holistic care and support.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
T cells play a critical role in cancer control, but a range of potent immunosuppressive mechanisms can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to abrogate their activity. While various ...immunotherapies (IMTs) aiming at re-invigorating the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor response, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of natural or gene-engineered
expanded tumor-specific T cells, have led to unprecedented clinical responses, only a small proportion of cancer patients benefit from these treatments. Important research efforts are thus underway to identify biomarkers of response, as well as to develop personalized combinatorial approaches that can target other inhibitory mechanisms at play in the TME. In recent years, adenosinergic signaling has emerged as a powerful immuno-metabolic checkpoint in tumors. Like several other barriers in the TME, such as the PD-1/PDL-1 axis, CTLA-4, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), adenosine plays important physiologic roles, but has been co-opted by tumors to promote their growth and impair immunity. Several agents counteracting the adenosine axis have been developed, and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated important anti-tumor activity, alone and in combination with other IMTs including ICB and ACT. Here we review the regulation of adenosine levels and mechanisms by which it promotes tumor growth and broadly suppresses protective immunity, with extra focus on the attenuation of T cell function. Finally, we present an overview of promising pre-clinical and clinical approaches being explored for blocking the adenosine axis for enhanced control of solid tumors.
A recent measure was developed to assess the Quality of Life (QoL) of young people with advanced cancer and is available for parents and professionals (Advance QoL). The present study aimed to ...elaborate self-reported versions for children and adolescents with advanced cancer. We adopted a four-phase research plan: (1) to elaborate the Advance QoL questionnaire for youth (8–12 and 13–18 years old) with a team of young research partners; (2) to evaluate the understandability of these versions in a sample of 12 young patients from the target population using cognitive interviews; (3) to assess social validity in the same group using a questionnaire and the content validity index (CVI); and (4) to refine the questionnaires according to these results. Four major themes were identified: (1) issues affecting the understanding of the tool; (2) issues that did not affect the understanding of the tool; (3) modifications to improve the tool; and (4) positive features of the tool. Advance QoL was well received, and feedback was positive. Adjustments were made according to young people’s comments and two self-reported versions are now available. It is essential to measure the key domains of QoL in advanced cancer. Advance QoL self-report versions will help target the specific needs of young people with this condition and their families.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
PDF
