Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a formidable health problem worldwide. It is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women. In India, annual incidence rates (AARs) ...for colon cancer and rectal cancer in men are 4.4 and 4.1 per 100000, respectively. Sialic acid and CA 242 are important tumour markers in CRC. Objective: To correlate serum CA242, and serum Sialic acid levels in pre-operative and post-operative CRC patient. Methodology: The patients attending the State Cancer Institute at IGIMS, Patna with colorectal cancer (n=15) were included in the study for a period of 6 months. Serum CA242 level by ELISA method and serum sialic acid level by Ninhydrin Method. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test was done to compare groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was evaluated for correlation between the parameters. Results: The mean level of sialic acid pre and post operative cases was 1.76 + or - 0.15 & 1.17 + or - 0.59 respectively and for CA242 was 49.5 + or - 33.3 & 31.8 + or - 22.6 respectively. There was a significant difference between pre and post operative serum sialic acid and CA242 level (r=0.566, p=0.028) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prognosis is found to be better after the surgical resection of CRC. Keywords: Serum CA242, Sialic acid, Colorectal cancer, Pre & Post operative
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Early diagnosis of cancer helps a great deal in the management of oral cancer patients. Number of protein markers has been employed for this purpose. Recently, conjugated oligosaccharides with ...proteins and lipids have gained considerable importance in the present genomics and post proteomic period in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer cases. Tumor cells modulate their surface by increasing fucosylation levels to escape recognition which contribute to several abnormal characteristics of tumor cells. Thus, monitoring serum fucose levels could be a promising approach for the early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of oral cancer. Serum fucose levels were estimated in 50 control cases and 75 cases of oral cancer by the method of Dische and Shettles as adopted by Winzler at CIMSH, Lucknow. Serum fucose levels were found to be significantly higher in oral cancer cases (46.63 + or - 5.29 mg/dl) as compared to the control cases (7.22 + or - 0.26 mg/dl). According to standard histopathological grades of oral cancer the mean fucose level increases with severity, from mild n = 18 (15.11 + or - 1.07 mg/dl) to moderate n = 21 (31.43 + or - 2.83 mg/dl) to severe n = 36 (71.27 + or - 3.41 mg/dl) condition. The present study shows that the estimation of serum fucose liberated from fucose conjugated proteins can be a good biomarker which can be used in the diagnosis, staging of oral cancer cases as well as in assessing the prognosis of oral cancer.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Purpose
The prognosis of elderly patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is very good, and their survival is unaffected by performing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) without ...radiotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to verify that BCS without axillary lymph node dissection, sentinel lymph node biopsy, or radiotherapy (BCSNR) is safe for patients over 70 years of age with luminal-type breast cancer, as well as for those with HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Methods
This study retrospectively included 450 patients > 70-year-old with breast cancer from 2010 to 2016. The patients were divided into two groups, one treated with BCSNR and the other treated with mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (MALND), with a median follow-up period of 5 years. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) were compared between the two groups.
Results
The 5-year DFS for patients who underwent BCSNR and MALND was 90.1 and 91.3% (
p
= 0.903), respectively. In the BCSNR and MALND groups, respectively, the 5-year DFS for patients with luminal A type breast cancer was 99.2 and 100% (
p
= 0.167), that for patients with luminal B type breast cancer was 89.2 and 95.5% (
p
= 0.138), that for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer was 86.7 and 75.9% (
p
= 0.455), and that for TNBC patients was 71.7 and 89.7% (
p
= 0.195). IBTR significantly differed between the BCSNR and MALND groups for patients with TNBC (18.9% vs 0.0%,
p
= 0.040) and luminal B type patients (5.6% vs 0.0%,
p
= 0.043).
Conclusion
BCSNR is not only suitable for elderly patients with luminal-type breast cancer but also for those with HER2-positive breast cancer and TNBC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Context: No consensus exists about the optimal duration of the low-iodine diet (LID) in the preparation of .sup.131I therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Objective: This work ...aimed to investigate if a LID of 4 days is enough to achieve adequate iodine depletion in preparation for (131) I therapy. In addition, the nutritional status of the LID was evaluated. Methods: In this prospective study, 65 DTC patients treated at 2 university medical centers were included between 2018 and 2021. The patients collected 24-hour urine on days 4 and 7 of the LID and kept a food diary before and during the LID. The primary outcome was the difference between the 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (UIE) on both days. Results: The median 24-hour UIE on days 4 and 7 of the LID were not significantly different (36.1 mcg interquartile range, 25.4-51.2 mcg and 36.5 mcg interquartile range, 23.9-47.7 mcg, respectively, P = .43). On day 4 of the LID, 72.1% of the DTC patients were adequately prepared (24-hour UIE < 50 mcg), and 82.0% of the DTC patients on day 7 (P = .18). Compared to the self-reported regular diet, DTC patients showed a significantly (P < .01) lower percentage of nutrient intake (calories, protein, calcium, iodine, and water) during the LID. Conclusion: The 24-hour UIE on day 4 of the LID did not differ from day 7, and therefore shortening the LID from 7 to 4 days seems justified to prepare DTC patients for .sup.131I therapy in areas with sufficient iodine intake and may be beneficial to maintain a sufficient nutritional intake during DTC treatment. Key Words: low-iodine diet, radioactive iodine therapy, urinary iodine excretion, iodine intake, nutrition diary, individual perceptions
Background
People with cancer undergoing active treatment experience numerous disease‐ and treatment‐related adverse outcomes and poorer health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Exercise interventions ...are hypothesized to alleviate these adverse outcomes. HRQoL and its domains are important measures of cancer survivorship, both during and after the end of active treatment for cancer.
Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise on overall HRQoL outcomes and specific HRQoL domains among adults with cancer during active treatment.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDRO, LILACS, SIGLE, SportDiscus, OTSeeker, Sociological s from inception to November 2011 with no language or date restrictions. We also searched citations through Web of Science and Scopus, PubMed's related article feature, and several websites. We reviewed reference lists of included trials and other reviews in the field.
Selection criteria
We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing exercise interventions with usual care or other type of non‐exercise comparison intervention to maintain or enhance, or both, overall HRQoL or at least one distinct domain of HRQoL. Included trials tested exercise interventions that were initiated when adults with cancer were undergoing active cancer treatment or were scheduled to initiate treatment.
Data collection and analysis
Five paired review authors independently extracted information on characteristics of included trials, data on effects of the intervention, and assessed risk of bias based on predefined criteria. Where possible, we performed meta‐analyses for HRQoL and HRQoL domains for the reported difference between baseline values and follow‐up values using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and a random‐effects model by length of follow‐up. We also reported the SMD at follow‐up between the exercise and control groups. Because investigators used many different HRQoL and HRQoL domain instruments and often more than one for the same domain, we selected the more commonly used instrument to include in the SMD meta‐analyses. We also report the mean difference for each type of instrument separately.
Main results
We included 56 trials with 4826 participants randomized to an exercise (n = 2286) or comparison (n = 1985) group. Cancer diagnoses in trial participants included breast, prostate, gynecologic, hematologic, and other. Thirty‐six trials were conducted among participants who were currently undergoing active treatment for their cancer, 10 trials were conducted among participants both during and post active cancer treatment, and the remaining 10 trials were conducted among participants scheduled for active cancer treatment. Mode of exercise intervention differed across trials and included walking by itself or in combination with cycling, resistance training, or strength training; resistance training; strength training; cycling; yoga; or Qigong. HRQoL and its domains were assessed using a wide range of measures.
The results suggest that exercise interventions compared with control interventions have a positive impact on overall HRQoL and certain HRQoL domains. Exercise interventions resulted in improvements in: HRQoL from baseline to 12 weeks' follow‐up (SMD 0.33; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.55) or when comparing difference in follow‐up scores at 12 weeks (SMD 0.47; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.79); physical functioning from baseline to 12 weeks' follow‐up (SMD 0.69; 95% CI 0.16 to 1.22) or 6 months (SMD 0.28; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.55); or when comparing differences in follow‐up scores at 12 weeks (SMD 0.28; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.45) or 6 months (SMD 0.29; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.50); role function from baseline to 12 weeks' follow‐up (SMD 0.48; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.90) or when comparing differences in follow‐up scores at 12 weeks (SMD 0.17; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.34) or 6 months (SMD 0.32; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.61); and, in social functioning at 12 weeks' follow‐up (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.03 to 1.05) or when comparing differences in follow‐up scores at both 12 weeks (SMD 0.16; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27) and 6 months (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.44). Further, exercise interventions resulted in a decrease in fatigue from baseline to 12 weeks' follow‐up (SMD ‐0.38; 95% CI ‐0.57 to ‐0.18) or when comparing difference in follow‐up scores at follow‐up of 12 weeks (SMD ‐0.73; 95% CI ‐1.14 to ‐0.31). Since there is consistency of findings on both types of measures (change scores and difference in follow‐up scores) there is greater confidence in the robustness of these findings.
When examining exercise effects by subgroups, exercise interventions had significantly greater reduction in anxiety for survivors with breast cancer than those with other types of cancer. Further, there was greater reduction in depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, and improvement in HRQoL, emotional wellbeing (EWB), physical functioning, and role function for cancer survivors diagnosed with cancers other than breast cancer but not for breast cancer. There were also greater improvements in HRQoL and physical functioning, and reduction in anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbances when prescribed a moderate or vigorous versus a mild exercise program.
Results of the review need to be interpreted cautiously owing to the risk of bias. All the trials reviewed were at high risk for performance bias. In addition, the majority of trials were at high risk for detection, attrition, and selection bias.
Authors' conclusions
This systematic review indicates that exercise may have beneficial effects at varying follow‐up periods on HRQoL and certain HRQoL domains including physical functioning, role function, social functioning, and fatigue. Positive effects of exercise interventions are more pronounced with moderate‐ or vigorous‐intensity versus mild‐intensity exercise programs. The positive results must be interpreted cautiously because of the heterogeneity of exercise programs tested and measures used to assess HRQoL and HRQoL domains, and the risk of bias in many trials. Further research is required to investigate how to sustain positive effects of exercise over time and to determine essential attributes of exercise (mode, intensity, frequency, duration, timing) by cancer type and cancer treatment for optimal effects on HRQoL and its domains.
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have achieved significant progress in several kinds of tumours. Pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small ...cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with positive PD-L1 expression. However, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have not achieved breakthroughs in treating glioblastoma because glioblastoma has a low immunogenic response and an immunosuppressive microenvironment caused by the precise crosstalk between cytokines and immune cells. A phase III clinical trial, Checkmate 143, reported that nivolumab, which targets PD-1, did not demonstrate survival benefits compared with bavacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Thus, the combination of a PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade with RT, TMZ, antibodies targeting other inhibitory or stimulatory molecules, targeted therapy, and vaccines may be an appealing solution aimed at achieving optimal clinical benefit. There are many ongoing clinical trials exploring the efficacy of various approaches based on PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades in primary or recurrent glioblastoma patients. Many challenges need to be overcome, including the identification of discrepancies between different genomic subtypes in their response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades, the selection of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades for primary versus recurrent glioblastoma, and the identification of the optimal combination and sequence of combination therapy. In this review, we describe the immunosuppressive molecular characteristics of the tumour microenvironment (TME), candidate biomarkers of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades, ongoing clinical trials and challenges of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Extracellular communication within the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor progression. Although exosomes can package into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to mediate extracellular ...communication, the role of exosomal lncRNA PTENP1 in bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear.
We detected PTENP1 expression between patients with BC and healthy controls; the expression occurred in tissues and exosomes from plasma. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC). Cell phenotypes and animal experiments were performed to determine the effect of exosomal PTENP1.
PTENP1 was significantly reduced in BC tissues and in exosomes from plasma of patients with BC (P < 0.05). We found that PTENP1 was mainly wrapped by exosomes. Exosomal PTENP1 could distinguish patients with BC from healthy controls (AUC = 0.743; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.645-0.840). Normal cells secreted exosomal PTENP1 and transmitted it to BC cells, thus inhibiting the biological malignant behavior of BC cells by increasing cell apoptosis and reducing the ability to invade and migrate (P < 0.05). Exosomal PTENP1 could suppress tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, exosomal PTENP1 mediated the expression of PTEN by competitively binding to microRNA-17.
Exosomal PTENP1 is a promising novel biomarker that can be used for the clinical detection of BC. Exosomes derived from normal cells transfer PTENP1 to BC cells, which reduce the progression of BC both in vitro and in vivo and suggest that exosomal PTENP1 participates in normal-cell-to-bladder-cell communication during the carcinogenesis of BC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous studies conducted on the association between diabetes and the risk of endometrial cancer have reported controversial results that have raised a variety of questions about the association ...between diabetes and the incidence of this cancer. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to more precisely estimate the effect of diabetes on the risk of endometrial cancer incidence.
All original articles were searched in international databases, including Medline (PubMed), Web of sciences, Scopus, EMBASE, and CINHAL. Search was done from January 1990 to January 2018 without language limitations. Also, logarithm and standard error logarithm relative risk (RR) were used for meta-analysis.
A total of 22 cohort and case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 14 showed statistically significant associations between diabetes and risk of endometrial cancer. Diabetes was associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.48-2.01). The summary of RR for all 9 cohort studies was 1.56 (95% CI 1.21-2.01), and it was 1.85 (95% CI 1.53-2.23) for 13 case control studies. The summary of RR in hospital-based studies was higher than other studies. Thirteen of the primary studies-controlled BMI as a confounding variable, and the combined risk of their results was 1.62 (95% CI 1.34-1.97).
Diabetes seems to increases the risk of endometrial cancer in women, and this finding can be useful in developing endometrial cancer prevention plans for women having diabetes.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in cancer patients.
364 cancer patients who received two doses of vaccine were enrolled. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 ...anti-Spike protein IgG and neutralizing antibody 2 months following vaccination were measured by ELIZA.
Injection site pain and fever were the most common local and systemic side effects. The overall seroconversion rate was 86.9% that was lower in older age, those with hematological malignancies and chemotherapy receivers.
The result of study confirmed the safety and short-term efficacy of inactivated vaccine in patients with malignancies.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
We aimed to measure the acceptability towards the COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients and to investigate determinant factors associated with the patient’s choice.
Methods
We ...conducted a cross-sectional survey with a self-administered questionnaire delivered to 329 cancer patients in 3 oncology cancer centers in Tunisia between February-May 2021. Logistic regression was used to evaluate odds ratio predicting patient’s intentions toward the vaccine.
Results
Acceptance rate was 50.5%, 28.3% (
n
= 93) reported to definitely refuse the vaccine and 21.2% (
n
= 70) did not make their decision yet. High educational level, history of comorbidities, history of influenza vaccination in the current season, and patient’s opinion about the severity of COVID-19 did not predict vaccine resistance. However, patients who think that the vaccine may interfere with treatment efficacy (OR = 7.28, 95%CI 2.5–12.32), or may impact cancer outcome (OR = 6.14, 95%CI 2.27–16.7), were significantly more likely to refuse the vaccine. Patients who disagree that the vaccine is a major weapon against the pandemic (OR = 6.07, 95%CI 2.34–9.52) or that it could reduce the virus transmission (OR = 7.34, 95%CI 4.22–11.81) were also significantly more likely to reject the vaccination. Safety concerns were also significant predictive factors (OR = 7.9, 95%CI 4.10–11.27. Confidence level in the authorities played a significant role in patient’s acceptance of the vaccine, indeed patients who are not registered (OR = 5.9, 95%CI 1.58–8.7) or not informed about the Tunisian national vaccination platform EVAX (OR = 5.51, 95%CI 2.1–7.9) were more likely to be against the vaccine.
Conclusion
Cancer patient’s education about the impact of the vaccine on their disease and on the COVID-19 is needed. Governments should build strategies to gain more population confidence.
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